2023-2024学年北京丰台区高一（上）期中英语（B卷）和答案

高中PAGE1高中2023北京丰台高一（上）期中英语（B卷）考试时间：90分钟笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasluckyenoughtotestintothebesthighschoolinthecity.Butthencamemy1:AmIgoodenough?Itwasaquestionthat2methroughmyfirstmonth,evenasIbegantosettlein,evenasIgotusedtotheearlymorningwake-upsandmovingbetweenbuildingsforclass.IknewIhadtoworktogroundmyself.Myearlieststrategyinvolvedkeepingquietandtryingto3mynewclassmates.Whowerethesekidsanyway?Howdidtheylearninschool?AllIknewwasthattheywerethesmartestkidsinthecity,obviously.4wasn’tIaswell?Hadn’tIlandedherebecauseIwassmartlikethem?ThetruthisthatIdidn’tknow.This5waslikeadeadlycell(细胞)thatthreatenedtodivideanddivideagain,unlessIcouldfindsomewaytostopit.Fortunately,myfirstroundofgradesturnedouttobe6,andsodidmysecond.Overthecourseofmyfirsttwoyears,Ibegantobuildthesamekindof7I’dhadatmypreviousschool.Witheachlittleachievement,mydoubt8tookleave.Ilovedanysubjectthatinvolvedwritingandlaboredthroughmath.Ihadclassmateswhowerealwaysasteportwoaheadofme,whoseachievementsseemedeffortless,butItriednottoletthatgettome.IwasbeginningtounderstandthatifIputinextrahoursofstudying,Icouldoften9thegap.Iwasn’tastraight-Astudent,butIwasalways10andImadeprogress.1．A.excitement B.satisfaction C.anger D.worry2．A.freed B.dogged C.warmed D.guided3．A.observe B.admire C.support D.calm 4．A.Or B.So C.But D.For5．A.guess B.doubt C.interest D.risk6．A.excellent B.average C.different D.typical7．A.responsibility B.friendship C.confidence D.teamwork8．A.suddenly B.frequently C.accidentally D.slowly9．A.close B.notice C.control D.create10．A.expecting B.trying C.wondering D.suffering第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AOnthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,I11(stand)bythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.Ivoicedmybiggestconcerntomymother,“HowwillImakefriends?”She12(hand)meadvice,“Beyourself.”Forthepast20years,I13(live)bythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervouslyfacing14(challenge),IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself.”BSavingnatureisattheveryheartofwhatwedoasWorldWildlifeFund(WWF).Weprotectwildlifeformanyreasons.Itisasourceofinspiration.Itboostsasenseofwonder.Itisfundamental(重要的)tothebalanceofnature.Inourwork,WWF15(focus)onsavingpopulationsofthemostimportantspeciesinthewild.16(final),byprotectingspecies,wesavethisbeautifulandirreplaceableplanet17iscalledhome.CAftercollegeIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworld,soIjoinedthePeaceCorpsand18(become)avolunteerteacherinNamibia.Thiswasmyfirsttimegoingabroadandliving19localpeople.Simplygettingusedtothelivingconditionswasabigchallenge.Honestly,myfirstchoicewasn’tAfrica,butIamthankfulthatI20(send)there.BeforeNamibia,IneverthoughtIwouldadapttosuchasituation.Stepoutsideofyourcomfortzoneandfacethechallenge.Youwon’tregretit.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEcoCentralThiswebsiteisallaboutlookingaftertheearth.Therearefactsaboutdifferentanimals,aswellasinformationaboutforests,desertsandoceans.Youcanuploadyourownvideosontothesiteforeveryonetosee.TeenPressThisisoneofthebestsitesonthewebforteenagerswholovewriting.Youcanshareyourworkwithothers,andtherearemessageboardswhereyoucanchataboutthingsthatareimportanttoyou.ChannelTwentyOnthissiteyoucanwatchadailynewsprogramandsearchforinformationaboutbignewsstories.Therearealsovideosondifferentsubjects,articlesaboutfamousbands,gamesandcompetitions.Inside-the-coverFindingoutaboutyourfavoritewritersiseasyonthissite.Therearelotsofinterestingarticlesandinformationaboutthelatestbooks.Youcanreadblogsbywell-knownwritersandpostquestionstothem.Andyouarelikelytogetrepliesfromthem.Tune-inTherearemillionsofsongsonthiswebsiteforyoutodownloadorlistentoonline.Youcansaveyourfavoritesongsinyourownlist.Ifyou’reinaband,youcanrecordyourmusicanduploadit.Thewebsiteislarge,butthemenusareeasytouse.ScienceZoneThere’slotsofinformationonthissiteaboutmaths,chemistryandbiology.Youcanvisitsomeoftheworld’smostfamousmuseums,orwatchwildlifeviawebcams.Therearealsosomeverycoolgames,suchasSavethePlanet.21.TeenPressisawebsiteforteenagerswho________.A.areinterestedinmusic B.enjoywriting C.likewatchingthenews D.careabouttheearth 22.OnInside-the-cover,youcan________.A.shareyourarticles B.takewritingclasses C.learnaboutthelatestbooks D.answerthewriters’questions23.Ifyoulikevisitingonlinemuseums,whichwebsiteisbestforyou?A.EcoCentral. B.Tune-in. C.ChannelTwenty. D.ScienceZone. 24.Theauthorwritesthepassageto________.A.introducewebsitestoteenagersB.teachteenagerstodesignwebsitesC.encourageteenagerstocreatewebsitesD.comparedifferentwebsitesforteenagersBItwasaweekaftermymomhadpassedaway,andIdidn’tknowhowtogoonwithlife.SowhenIreceivedanemailfromafriendaboutaracebenefitingcancerresearch,Iignoredit.Itseemedtooclosetotheheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.Butsomethingaboutmyfriend’swords—“Icanhelporganizethewholething”—stuckwithme.Ifeltobliged(有义务的)toagree.Intheweekstocome,Imanagedtore-entertheworldoftheliving.Icheckedourteam’swebsitedaily,feelingproudeachtimeadonationtickedupourtotal.Iknewmymomwouldhavewanteditthatway.Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.Whentheraceended,Inoticedtherunnersallhadonethingincommon:Therewerebigsmilesontheirfaces.Theymadeitlooksorewardingandeffortless.Iwantedin.SoIenrolled(报名)inanotherracetwomonthslater.ConsideringIcouldbarelyrunamile,itwasambitious.ButmyfriendandImadeatrainingplansoIwouldn’tcomeinlast.Ifolloweditreligiouslyanddidn’tletanythinggetinmyway.Runningupanddownthecity’shills,Iwasfloodedwithmemories.Ihadlivedthereaftercollegeandmymotherhadvisitedoften.IpassedBloomingdale’s,recallingthetimesheandIhadgottenintoascreamingargumentthere.IwasabouttobeatmyselfupwhenIrememberedwhatMomhadsaidafterherdiagnosis(诊断)ofcancer.“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.”Herpaper-thinhandshadheldmetightly.Aweightliftedfrommyshoulders.Whentheracedayarrived,Igaveitmyallformymomandforallshehadtaughtmeandcontinuedtoteachme.AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.25.Whydidtheauthorignoretheemailinthebeginning?A.Shefeltithardtofinishtherace.B.Shehadnotimetojoinintheevent.C.Shethoughttheresearchmeaningless.D.Shewasremindedofhermother’sdeath.26.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorrecoverfromhermom’sdeath?A.Thecompanyofherfriends. B.Theinspirationfromhermom. C.Thepleasureingoingforarun. D.Thesuccessinorganizinganevent.27.Whichofthewordscanbestdescribetheauthor’smom?A.Considerateandpolite. B.Braveandhumorous.C.Strong-willedandcaring. D.Outgoingandpatient. 28.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowIGotHealedinRunning B.TheLossofSweetMemoriesC.WhatMattersMostinRunning D.TheRewardsofGreatFriendshipCWedependonourmemorynotonlyforsharingstorieswithfriendsorlearningfromourpastexperiences,butwealsouseitforimportantthingslikecreatingasenseofpersonalidentity(身份).Yetevidenceshowsthatourmemoryisn’tasconsistent(一致的)aswe’dliketobelieve.Therearecountlessreasonswhysmallmistakesmighthappeneachtimewerecallpastevents,rangingfromwhatwebelieveistrueorwishweretrue,towhatsomeoneelsetoldusaboutthepastevent,orwhatwewantthatpersontothink.Andwheneverthesemistakeshappen,theycanhavelong-termeffectsonhowwe’llrecallthatmemoryinthefuture.Takestorytellingforexample.Whenwedescribeourmemoriestootherpeople,wemightaskourselveswhetherit’svitaltogetthefactsstraight,orwhetherweonlywanttomakethelistenerlaugh.Andwemightchangethestory’sdetailsdependingonthelistener’sattitudes.Itisn’tonlythemessagethatchanges,butsometimesit’salsothememoryitself.Thisisknownasthe“audience-tuningeffect”,showingushowourmemoriescanchangeautomaticallyovertime,asaproductofhow,when,andwhyweaccessthem.“retrieval-enhancedsuggestibility”.Inatypicalstudyofthiseffect,participantswatchedashortfilm,thentookamemorytestafewdayslater.Butduringthedaysbetweenwatchingthefilmandtakingthefinaltest,twootherthingshappened.First,halfoftheparticipantstookapracticememorytest.Second,alloftheparticipantsweregivenadescriptionofthefilmtoread,whichcontainedsomefalsedetails.Participantswhotookapracticememorytestshortlybeforereadingthefalseinformationweremorelikelytoreproducethisfalseinformationinthefinalmemorytest.Whymightthisbe?Onetheoryisthatrehearsingourmemoriesofpasteventscantemporarilymakethosememoriesmalleable.Inotherwords,retrieving(找回)amemorymightbeabitliketakingice-creamoutofthefreezerandleavingitindirectsunlightforawhile.Bythetimeourmemorygoesbackintothefreezer,itmighthavenaturallybecomealittlemisshapen,especiallyifsomeonehasinfluenceditpurposelyinthemeantime.Thesefindingsleadustowonderhowmuchourmosttreasuredmemorieshavechangedsincetheveryfirsttimewerememberedthem.Rememberingisanactofstorytelling,afterall.Andourmemoriesareonlyeverasreliableasthemostrecentstorywetoldourselves.29．Accordingtothe“audience-tuningeffect”,ourmemoriescan________.A．changeourpersonalidentityB．correctmistakesontheirownC．determineourattitudestoothersD．beaffectedbyhowwedealwiththem30．Whatcanweinferfromthestudyof“retrieval-enhancedsuggestibility”?A．Practicecanmakeimperfect.B．Storytellingbringsbackmemories.C．Rehearsingcontributestobettermemories.D．Memoryabilitiesdifferfrompersontoperson.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malleable”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Acceptable.B．Valuable.C．Changeable.D．Controllable. DOvermillionsofyears,humanshaveresponded(做出反应)tocertainsituationswithoutthinkingtoohard.Ifourancestorsspottedmovementinthenearbyforest,theywouldrunfirstandquestionlater.Atthesametime,theabilitytoanalyzeandtoplanispartofwhatseparatesusfromotheranimals.Thequestionofwhentotrustyourinstinct(直觉)andwhentothinkslowmattersintheofficeasmuchasinthesavannah(草原).Slowthinkingisthefeatureofawell-managedworkplace.Yetinstinctalsohasitsplace.Somedecisionsaremoreconnectedtoemotionalresponsesandlesstoanalysis.Indemandingcustomer-serviceorpublic-facingsituations,instinctisoftenabetterguidetohowtobehave.Instinctcanalsobeimproved.Plentyofresearchhasshownthatinstinctbecomesmoreunerringwithexperience.Inonewell-knownexperiment,volunteerswereaskedtoassesswhetheraselectionofdesignerhandbagswererealornot.Somewereinstructedtooperateoninstinctandotherstodeliberate(深思熟虑)overtheirdecision.Instinctworkedbetterforthosewhoownedatleastthreedesignerhandbags;indeed,itoutperformedanalysis.Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetteryourinstincttendstobe.However,therealreasontoembracefastthinkingisthatitis,well,fast.Itisoftentheonlywaytogetthroughtheday.Totakeoneexample,whenyourinboxfloodswithnewemailsatthestartofanewday,thereisabsolutelynowaytoreadthemallcarefully.Instinctiswhathelpsyoudecidewhichonestoanswerandwhichtodeleteorleaveunopened.Fastthinkingcanalsohelptheentireorganization.Thevalueofmanymanagerialdecisionsliesinthesimplefactthattheyhavebeenmadeatall.Yetasdataexplodes(数据爆炸),thetemptation(诱惑)toaskforonemorebitofanalysishasbecomemuchhardertoresist.Managersoftensufferfromoverthinking,turningasimpleproblemintoacomplexone.Whentouseinstinctintheworkplacerestsonitsownformofpatternrecognition.Doesthedecision­makerhaverealexpertiseinthisarea?Isthisafieldinwhichemotionmattersmorethanreasoning?Aboveall,isitworthdelayingthedecision?Slowthinkingisneededtogetthebigcallsright.Butfastthinkingisthewaytostopdeliberationturningtoawasteoftime.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unerring”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Exact. B.Creative. C.Controllable. D.Obvious.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Managerscanaffordthecostofslowthinking.B.Fastthinkingcanincreaseworkefficiency.C.Slowthinkingwillholdusbackinthelongrun.D.Toomuchdataistoblameforwrongdecisions.34.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toexplainhowinstinctworks.B.Tocompareinstinctandslowthinking.C.Tohighlightthevalueofinstinctintheworkplace.D.Toshowthedevelopmentofdifferentthinkingpatterns.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itwon’tsoundlikeabigsurprisewhenItellyouthatkindnessplaysanimportantroleinaperson’swell-being.Itcanleadtochangeslikehigherself-esteem(自尊心)andlowerbloodpressure.Evenjustwitnessingactsofkindnesscanmakeushappier.“Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab,thoseperforminganactofkindnessconsistentlyunderestimated(低估)howpositivetheirreceiverswouldfeel,thinkingtheiractwasoflessvaluethanreceiversthoughtittobe,”statesastudy.Yet,whyistherethisdifferencebetweenwhatwethinksomeonewillfeelfromanactofkindnessversuswhattheydofeel?Whydoweunderestimatetheinfluencewehaveonothers?Manyofusdon’thavearealsenseofourvalue.It’sbeenestimatedthatThis“voice”tendstoshiftourfocusinward,assessing(评估)oureverymove,andhavingbadeffectonourrelationships.Unlikeaconscience(良心),thisinnercriticdoesn’tmotivatepositivebehavior.Itencouragesustoholdback,feedingusthoughtslike,“Don’tstickyourneckout”;“Noonewantstohearfromyou”;and“You’regoingtomakeafoolofyourself.”Onewonderfulwaytofightagainstourcriticalinnervoiceisthroughactsofbeingkindtoothers.Wemustalsotrytoseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofthepeopleweaffect.Thedegreetowhichwe’reabletodothatwillhelpdetermineourownhappinessalongwiththehappinesswelightupinothers.A.However,theworkdoesn’tstopthere.B.Peoplemaylowerthevalueoftheirownkindcomments(评价).C.Weallcarryarounda“criticalinnervoice”thattendstoputusdown.D.Insteadofseeingwhatwehavetooffer,wemaythinkofourselvesasaburden(负担).E.Thismisunderstandingsuggeststhatpeopledevaluetheirownactionsinrelationtoothers.F.Instead,itturnsusagainstourselves,makingusunderestimateourbeneficialeffectonothers.G.Yet,peoplemaynottrulyknowtheinfluencethateventhesmallestofkindactscanhaveonanotherperson.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共12小题,共18分）阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词汇或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Idoawiderangeofthingsonline.Ishopforvariousthingsonline,suchasbooks,computerhardwareandothernecessities.It’sso__________tobeabletocomparethequalityandpricesfromdifferentonlineshopsbeforeIbuy.Itusuallytakesme20minutestogethomebybus.IoftenusethetimetoreviewEnglishwords.Asthepopularsayinggoes,“Everyminute__________!”Atschool,IdomyhomeworkwhenIhavesparetime.Afterschool,Itrytouseanypossibletimeto__________thethingsIhavelearntduringtheday.ZhangTian’sfirstyearisalmostover.Ithasbeenatoughyear,buthehasenjoyedworkingwiththechildren.The__________ZhangTianmadetothevillagewasgreat,sohebecameverypopularamongthevillagersandtheytreatedhimasoneofthem.Hehadmetwonderfulteachersfromsmallvillagesduringhisearlyschoolyearsandhewas__________bythemtogoandteachwherehewasneededthemost.Livinginthevillagewasalsomore__________thanhehadthought.Thepowerandwatersupplieswereunstable,sohecouldonlyshowereverythreeorfourdays,andhehadtolearnhowtocook.Pauljumpedupandrushedontothecourt.Andclearly,alltheextrahoursthathe’dspentpracticingalone__________.Theotherteamjustcouldn’tkeepupwithhisenergyandspeed.(此空填短语)Besides,anybodywhoisfeelingdowncangoforaruntocheerthemselvesup.Evenathirty-minuterunwill