专题06综合填空

综合填空针对适当的形式填空题,考生可以采用以下方法:(一)词性吻合的情况下,结合实际语境、语法规则来确定所填单词的具体形式,得出最终答案。1.名词首先要判断一个名词是可数还是不可数。有些名词一词多义,可数与不可数根据词义而定,可数名词要注意复数的变化规则;有些词单数与复数相同,还要特别注意一些特殊的复数名词的所有格的构成。2.合成名词名词+名词:basketball篮球,bedroom卧室形容词+名词:blackboard黑板,highway公路动词+名词:playground操场动名词+名词:diningroom餐厅副词+名词:overcoat长大衣动词+副词:breakin闯入,gettogether聚会3.派生的名词(1)前缀non无,没有(表否定):nonsmoker不吸烟的人(2)后缀①er,or人,动作者(加在动词后构成名词)teach教—teacher教师visit访问—visitor参观者invent发明—inventor发明者②ese,(ia)n人,语言(加在国名后构成形容词或名词)China中国—Chinese中国的,中国人的,中国人,汉语Japan日本—Japanese日本的,日本人的,日本人,日语America美国—American美国的,美国人的,美国人Australia澳大利亚—Australian澳大利亚的,澳大利亚人的,澳大利亚人music音乐—musician音乐家4.代词代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和不定代词等。人称代词可分为主格和宾格。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。对于不定代词要注意几点:作主语时,谓语均为单数;形容词作定语时,形容词要后置;另外,还要注意以下不定代词的用法;some,any,all,both,none,neither,either,other,another,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one等。5.动词如果需要填入动词,则要考虑动词的时态和语态、不定式和动名词等形式。一定要记住哪些动词后跟不定式,哪些跟动名词。6.形容词和副词要确定单词在句中的作用。形容词一般作定语修饰名词或作表语位于系动词之后,而副词一般在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词和副词。两类词都有比较级和最高级。7.数词数词分为基数词和序数词。当百、千、百万等数字前有具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million等不用复数,如fivethousand;无具体数字时,用复数,后面再加of,如thousandsof。另外,英语中分数的表达法也很重要。(二)若词性不吻合,则要将其转换为正确的形式。如动词转化为分词形式,作形容词。形容词可以转化为副词。(三)对于不提供参考词汇的题目,有可能是填冠词、介词、代词、疑问代词、疑问副词和复合句中的引导词。专题训练一阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。TheanimalcookiesMomhadcookedfinallycooleddown.I1(eat)cookieswhenIheardaloudceeaw.AtonceIrealizeditwasMom’spager(传呼机).Momgrabbedhercoatand2(hurry)tothebackdoorwhenthepagerrang.Mynewfriend,Kevin,had3(he)mouthfullofcookies.“Yourmomisafirefighter!”Kevinwasamazed,“Ithoughtyourmomworkedatthehotel.”Hejustmovedhere4thecityandwasstilllearninghowwedothingsinourvillage.Dadexplainedthatwehave5volunteerfiregroup,whichmeansmostfirefightershaveotherjobstoo.

“Oh,”saidKevin.“Sotheydon’tsleepatthestation6slide(滑下)downapolelikerealfirefighters.”

“Theyarerealfirefighters,”DadandIsaidtogether.ItoldKevin7hardMomhadtrained.EveryotherWednesdayshehastotakeatestwiththerestofthevolunteers.Inafiretheyneedtoknowwhattodowithoutstoppingtothink.

ItookoutDad’slaptop,showedKevinsome8(photo)andcontinuedtosay,“Momkeepsherboots,pants,coatandhatatthefirestation.Forpractice,thefirefightersliketorace9(see)whocangettheirequipmentonfirst.Shealsolearnshowtodrivethefireboat10(good).Everyonelearnseveryjobbecausetheyneverknowwhowillturnoutforacall.”

【答案】waseating【解析】bedoingsth.when...正在做某事突然……。2.【答案】hurried【解析】本题考查动词的一般过去时。本文是讲述过去的一件事情。3.【答案】his【解析】本题考查形容词性物主代词。设空处后面是名词,因此he要使用形容词性物主代词的形式。4.【答案】from【解析】本题考查介词。moveherefromthecity从城里搬过来。5.【答案】a【解析】本题考查冠词。设空处后面的名词group是可数名词单数形式,且volunteer是辅音音素开头的单词,因此设空处要填不定冠词a。6.【答案】or【解析】本题考查连词。本句中sleepatthestation和slidedownapole是并列的两个行为,但用在否定句中,要用连词or连接。7.【答案】how【解析】本题考查宾语从句。howhardMomhadtrained作told的宾语。8.【答案】photos【解析】本题考查名词复数。photo是可数名词,且设空处前面是some,因此使用它的复数形式。9.【答案】tosee【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。tosee是非谓语动词表目的。10.【答案】well【解析】本题考查副词。well修饰动词drive。二阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。TheecohouseSimonDaledidn’twanttoliveinacity’sapartmentbuilding.Sohemadeuphismind1(build)hisownhomeinthecountryside.HemovedtoWaleswithhisfamilyandbuiltawoodenecohouse.Withthehelpofhisfatherinlaw,abuilder,hemovedintoa2(fort)newhomeafteronlyfourmonths.3onlycost$4,700tobuildthehouse.

Theecohouseismadeofnatural4(material).SimonDaleandhisfatherinlaw5(dig)intothesideofahillandthenusedthemudandstonetomakethewalls.Thefloors6(make)fromwoodfromthenearbyarea.Thedesignisopenplan.Thereisnocentralheating,7there’sawoodburnerandsolarpanels(太阳能电池板)onthetop8canprovidepowerforlighting,musicandputing.Drinkingwaterisfromanearbyspring.Thefridgestayscool,thanks9airfromundertheground.SimonDalesays,“Wetrytoliveinpeacewiththenaturalworld.”Hehas10(certain)donehisbesttoachievethat.

【答案】tobuild【解析】句意:SimonDale不想住在城市的公寓楼里。因此他下定决心在乡村建一所他自己的房子。makeupone’smindtodosth.下决心做某事,故本空填tobuild。2.【答案】fortable【解析】句意:在他岳父,一位建筑工人的帮助下,在仅仅四个月后,他搬进了舒适的新家。此空为形容词修饰名词,故应把所给的fort变为形容词fortable。3.【答案】It【解析】句意:只花了4,700美元就建成了这所房子。Itcost/costs...todo...为固定句型,故本空填It。4.【答案】materials【解析】句意:这所环保房是用天然的材料制成的。设空处是可数名词,故用其复数形式,故填materials。5.【答案】dug【解析】此处记叙造房子的过程,使用一般过去时,故本空填dug。6.【答案】aremade【解析】句意:地板是用附近区域的木头做的。make与主语是被动关系,故用被动语态,再结合后句时态可知本空用一般现在时态,故本空填aremade。7.【答案】but【解析】没有中央供暖系统,但是有一个烧木柴的炉子。设空处前后是转折关系,故本空填but。8.【答案】which/that【解析】句意:没有中央供暖系统,但是有一个烧木柴的炉子,顶部还有一个可以为照明、音乐和计算提供电力的太阳能电池板。由句意可知此处引导定语从句,先行词为solarpanels,故本空填关系代词which/that。9.【答案】to【解析】固定短语thanksto意为“多亏了,归功于”。由此可知本空填to。10.【答案】certainly【解析】句意:他无疑已经尽了他最大的努力去实现那一点。设空处修饰动词,因此本空应用certain的副词形式,故本空填certainly。三阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Nexttimeyouholdabookinyourhands,stopandthink.Likemostotherthingsinthemodernworld,itistheresultofthousandsofyearsofhumaninvention.Firstcametheinventionofwriting,1(probable)about5,500yearsago.Withwriting,peopledidnothavetoremembereverythingintheirheads.Theycouldmunicatewithpeoplethattheynever2(see)andsharetheirknowledgewithfuturegenerations.

Later,theGreekswerewellknownfortheirliterature(文学)andscience,buttheir“books”lookedverydifferent3thebooksoftoday.Theywerecalledscrolls(卷轴).Theyweredifficulttouseandtookalotofspaceinalibrary.About2,000yearsago,bookswithlotsofpages4(invent).

Formorethanathousandyears,thepagesofbooksweremadefromanimalskin.Thatchangedin5thirteenthcentury,whenEuropeanslearnedaboutavery6(use)Chineseinvention:paper.

ButthebiggestchangeforbooksinEuropecamein1439,whenJohannesGutenberginventedtheprintingpress.Beforethat,booksinEuropewerecopiedbyhand,sotheywereveryexpensive.Manymorepeoplecouldaffordthebooks7wereproducedonaprintingpress.

Thesedaysitisdifficult8(imagine)aworldwithoutbooks.Buthumaninventiondoesnotstop.Everyyear,more9(story)areboughtasebooksandreadonascreen.

Willanyoneturnthepagesofatraditionalbookinthefuture,10willbooks,likescrolls,soondisappear?

【答案】probably【解析】句意:首先是字的发明,可能大约在5,500年以前出现了。probably可能。2.【答案】saw【解析】句意:他们可以和他们从来都看不到的人交流并且和后代分享他们的知识。3.【答案】from/to/than【解析】句意:后来,希腊人因文学和科学而出名,但他们的“书”看起来和今天的书非常不同。bedifferentfrom/to/than与……不同。4.【答案】wereinvented【解析】句意:大约2,000年前,有许多页的书被发明出来。5.【答案】the【解析】句意:当欧洲人得知了一种非常有用的中国发明——纸,那种情况在十三世纪改变了。thethirteenthcentury十三世纪。6.【答案】useful【解析】句意同上。useful有用的。7.【答案】that/which【解析】句意:更多的人可以支付得起用印刷机生产出来的书。此处设空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。8.【答案】toimagine【解析】句意:现如今很难想象没有书的世界(是怎样的)。imagine想象。9.【答案】stories【解析】story为可数名词,前有more修饰,故用复数形式。10.【答案】or【解析】句意:未来会有人翻着看传统的书,还是像卷轴那样的书会很快消失呢?四阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。HitchBotHaveyoueverseenahitchhiker(搭便车的旅行者)standingbythesideofaroad?NowdriversinCanadamightsee1unusualhitchhiker:ahitchhikingrobot.

Oneofitsinventors,DavidHarrisSmith,hashitchedacrossCanadathreetimes.Smithandafriend,FraukeZeller,havebuiltHitchBotbecausetheywanted2(see)ifpeoplewouldstopandgivetherobotaliftandtalktoit.Therobotcanchataboutthingsithaslearned,andabout3(it)trip.Youmightthinkit’sajoke,4SmithandZellersexperimenthasaseriouspoint:canrobotsandpeoplegetalong?

HitchBot5(begin)itsjourneyinNovaScotiainJuly.Ithasalreadypletedathirdofits6,000miletriptoVictoria.Morethan57,000peoplearefollowingitsjourney6(close)onFacebookandTwitter,andtravelershavepostedlotsof7(photo)onthewebsites.HitchBothasalsodonesomeshopping,eatenmotoroil,andhadfunwithtravelers.Nobodyknows8itwillfinishitsjourney.Itmightbe9(long)thanexpected,butZellerandSmithwantHitchBottoget10manyridesasitcan.Ithasn’tbeeninaselfdrivingcaryet,butanythingispossible!

【答案】an【解析】设空处后的unusual是以元音音素开头的单词,因此要用不定冠词an。2.【答案】tosee【解析】wanttodosth.想做某事。3.【答案】its【解析】设空处后是一个名词,因此要使用形容词性物主代词。4.【答案】but【解析】前后两个分句之间是转折关系。5.【答案】began【解析】根据上下文,本句的时态是一般过去时。6.【答案】closely【解析】followclosely的含义是“密切关注”。7.【答案】photos【解析】设空处前是lotsof许多,因此photo要使用复数形式。8.【答案】when【解析】句意:没有人知道它什么时候结束旅程。9.【答案】longer【解析】设空处后的than提示设空处要使用比较级形式。10.【答案】as【解析】as...asonecan尽可能,尽量。五阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。In1992,theleadersofmorethan100countriesmetinBrazil.Theydiscussedproblemswhichaffecttheenvironmentsuch1pollutionandclimatechange,andtalkedaboutpossiblewaystothese2(problem).Atthismeeting,theystartedaprojectforsocialdevelopment3helpstoprotecttheenvironment.Oneofthemostimportantpartsoftheirproject4(call)“LocalAgenda21”now.

Theideabehindtheprojectisthat5alotofpeopledosmallthingslocally,theycanhaveabiginfluencenationallyandaneven6(big)influenceglobally.Forexample,ifonepersondecides7(recycle)theirrubbish,itonlymakesaverysmalldifference.However,ifmillionsofpeopleacrosstheworlddo8same,theinfluenceishuge.It’seasyforeveryonetodosomethingsmalleverydayathome,atschooloratwork.

Theprojectmakeseveryoneworktogether9(possible).Localgovernmentsalsoneedtoprovidegoodfacilities,suchasrecyclingcentersandpublictransport,andpeopleneedtousethem.Ifeveryoneplays10(they)partinasmallway,theycanimprovetheirlocalareaandhelptosavetheglobalenvironment.

【答案】as【解析】suchas比如。2.【答案】problems【解析】由设空处前的these可知,应用名词复数。3.【答案】which/that【解析】设空处引导定语从句,先行词为aproject。4.【答案】iscalled【解析】动词与主语是被动关系。5.【答案】if/when/once【解析】设空处前的that引导的是表语从句。表语从句包含了状语从句,可以是条件状语从句,也可以是时间状语从句。6.【答案】bigger【解析】设空处前的even修饰比较级。7.【答案】torecycle【解析】decidetodosth.决定做某事。8.【答案】the【解析】dothesame做同样的事情。9.【答案】possibly【解析】设空处修饰动词work,因此使用副词形式。10.【答案】their【解析】设空处修饰名词part,因此使用形容词性物主代词。六阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。Parentsdoallkindsofthingstohelptheirchildrengettopgradesinschool.Astudyshowsthatchildren’sdietcanplay1roleintheirIQ.Ifchildreneatfruit,vegetables,fishandallthegrainintheirfirstthreeyearsofschool,theywilldofar2(well)inteststhanotherswithapoordiet.

Thestudyinvolved(使参与)161childrenaged3sixandeightyearsold.Andthey4(follow)upfromthefirstgradetothethirdgradeinschool.5childrenhadarichdietlikevegetables,fruitsandfish,theywoulddothebestin6(read)tests.Thesechildrenalsoshowedtheir7(much)progressinreadingskillsbetweenthefirstgradeandthethirdgrade.

“A8(health)dietseemstobeanimportantthingin9(child)learningandschoolgrades,”aworkersaid.“Parentsandschoolshaveanimportantrole10makinghealthyfoodsavailabletochildren.”

【答案】a【解析】playarole起某种作用。2.【答案】better【解析】设空句出现关键词than,因此设空处使用比较级形式。3.【答案】between【解析】between...and...在……和……之间。此处指六到八岁之间的孩子。4.【答案】werefollowed【解析】动词与主语they是被动关系,因此使用被动语态。5.【答案】If/When【解析】设空句包含状语从句,可以是条件状语从句,也可以是时间状语从句。6.【答案】reading【解析】动名词作定语修饰名词tests。readingtests阅读测试。7.【答案】most【解析】在阅读技巧中这些孩子们显示了最大的进步。8.【答案】healthy【解析】设空处修饰名词diet,使用其形容词形式。9.【答案】children’s【解析】设空处与后面的名词具有所属关系,因此使用名词所有格形式。10.【答案】in【解析】haveanimportantrolein在……方面起着重要的作用。七阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。LiveSmallInEuropeandNorthAmerica,familiesaregettingsmaller,buthomesarenot.Inmany1(country)theyaregettingbigger.Biggerhomesaremoreexpensiveandheating2(they)incoldweatherisworsefortheenvironment.Manypeoplebelieveit’stimetothinkabout3sizeofourhomes.

SixteenyearoldAustinHayisbuildingahomeonhisparents’drive.4it’sonly2.4meterswideand3.7meterslong,itsgoteverythingimportant,includingashowerroom,akitchenandabedroomwithalowceiling.

“WhenIwasakid,Iwantedtobuildatreehouseoraboathouse,”Austinexplains.“Butthishouseonwheelsis5(cool)ofall.”

Austindoesn’tdoanybuildingduringtheweek,6he’sbusywithschoolworkandplayingbasketball.Butattheweekendheusually7(work)hardonhishouse.“AtthemomentI’mworkingonthedoors.Icandoit8(easy),somydadisn’thelpingme.Heonlyhelpswiththedifficultthings.”

Austinissleepinginhislittlehousethissummer.Andinthefuture?“UniversityisveryexpensiveintheUSA,but9me,it’llbecheaper.Ihavemylittlehouse.I10(take)itwithmewhereverIgo.”

【答案】countries【解析】many修饰名词复数。2.【答案】them【解析】设空处指代Biggerhomes且作heating的宾语。3.【答案】the【解析】句意:许多人认为是时候考虑我们的家的大小了。4.【答案】Though/Although【解析】此处引导让步状语从句。5.【答案】thecoolest【解析】关键词ofall提示设空处应使用最高级。6.【答案】because【解析】设空处前后为因果关系。7.【答案】works【解析】由usually可知应用一般现在时,设空句的主语是he,主谓应一致,因此使用第三人称单数形式。8.【答案】easily【解析】设空处修饰动词do,因此使用其副词形式。9.【答案】for【解析】句意:对我来说,它会更加便宜。10.【答案】willtake【解析】主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。八阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。ManyofusinChinaenjoyaddingchilies(辣椒)toourfood,1didyouknowthatthisspicy(辣的)vegetablecouldalsobedangerous?A34yearoldman2(recent)endedupinhospitalaftereatingaCarolinaReaper,thespiciestchilipeople3(know)sofar.Aftertakingjustasinglebiteofone,themansufferedfromseriousheadachesinthefollowingdays,reportedBBCNews.

Infact,eatingspicyfoodcausesstomachacheandheadaches.Butifchiliesare4(harm),whydopeopleliketoeatthisvegetable?So5makespeoplelovechiliessomuch?Thehumanbody6(influence)bynaturalchemicalsthatproduce“asenseofhappiness”,notedBBCNews.

Andchiliesdogoodtopeople7anotherway.Scientistsfoundthatthedeathrateofthosewhoeatspicyfoodonceor8(two)aweekis10percentlowerthanthosewhoeatitlessthanonceaweek.Thedeathrateis14percentlowerforthosewhoeatspicyfoodsixtoseventimesaweek.This9(encourage)peopletoeatmorespicyfoodtoimprovehealthandbringlessdeathriskat10earlyage.So,don’tworryifyoulovespicyfood.Itseemsthatchiliesareactuallygoodforus.

【答案】but【解析】设空处前后的两个分句是转折关系:许多中国人喜欢在食物中加些辣椒,但你知道辣椒也可能很危险吗?2.【答案】recently【解析】最近一名34岁的男士吃了卡罗来纳死神辣椒,结果住进了医院。3.【答案】haveknown【解析】由关键词sofar可知,设空处应使用现在完成时。4.【答案】harmful【解析】句意:但如果辣椒是有害的,为什么人们喜欢吃这种蔬菜呢?5.【答案】what【解析】句意:因此什么使人们如此爱吃辣椒呢?6.【答案】isinfluenced【解析】动词与主语是被动关系,因此使用被动语态。7.【答案】in【解析】句意:辣椒在另一个方面对人们有好处。8.【答案】twice【解析】句意:科学家们发现每周吃一到两次辣椒的人比那些每周吃辣椒少于一次的人死亡率低10%。9.【答案】encourages【解析】设空句的主语是this,因此谓语动词要使用第三人称单数。10.【答案】an【解析】句意:这鼓励人们在早年吃更多辣的食物来改善健康,减少死亡风险。九阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Therearesomanylanguagesthatyoucan’thopetolearnthemall,1there’sonelanguagewhichyoucanmunicatewitheverywhere:yoursmile.

Smilingcanshowpeoplethatyou’refriendly.And,wehavemorethanfiftydifferent2(kind)ofsmilefordifferentsituations.Whensomethingisfunny,weusuallysmilewith3openmouth.Ifwearehappy,oureyesbee4(small)whenwesmile,butiftheskinaroundoureyesdoesn’tmove,oursmileisnotreal.Ifweareproudofsomething,wekeepourlipstogether.

Butwhatifyouareinabadmood(情绪)?It’shardtobehappyallthetime.Somepeopletrytocheer5(they)upbywatchingfunnyfilms.Otherspreferdancingtotheirfavoritesongsoreatingchocolate.Othersdosportseverydaytoputthemselves6agoodmood.Butthere’sanotherveryeasywaytofeelhappier:smile.Whenyousmile,yourbodystartsproducingthethingswhich7(call)endorphins(内啡肽).Theseendorphinssendamessagetoyourbrainthatyouarehappy.Andthere’smore.Whenyousmileatsomeone,theyoftensmilebackatyou.Thisaction8(produce)endorphinsintheirbodyandtheyfeelhappier,too.Apartoftheirbrainremembersyouasaperson9makesthemhappy.You’rehalfwaytohavinganewfriend.Andthat’ssomethingyoucan10(true)smileabout.

【答案】but【解析】本题考查连词,设空处前后是转折关系。2.【答案】kinds【解析】本题考查名词复数。differentkindsof不同种类的……。3.【答案】an【解析】本题考查冠词,设空处后的open以元音音素开头,因此使用an。4.【答案】smaller【解析】本题考查形容词的比较级。笑的时候,眼睛变小。5.【答案】themselves【解析】本题考查反身代词。cheeroneselfup使某人自己高兴。6.【答案】in【解析】本题考查介词。inagoodmood处于好心情。7.【答案】arecalled【解析】本题考查动词的语态。先行词为things,call与其主语是被动关系,且时态是一般现在时。8.【答案】produces【解析】本题考查动词的时态,设空处与主语的关系是主动的,且时态是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数。9.【答案】who/that【解析】本题考查关系代词,先行词为aperson,关系词在定语从句中作主语。10.【答案】truly【解析】本题考查副词修饰动词smile。注意该词的正确拼写形式。十阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。IwillneverforgettheArtFestivalinmyhighschoolwhenIwonabigprize.AllmyteachersandclassmatesthinkIhaveagiftfor1(paint).However,whenIwasapupilinprimaryschool,IdidnotlikeartlessonsbecauseIcouldnotdrawverywell.Infact,mydrawingsweremuch2(bad)thanmostofmyclassmates’Oneday,whenI3(play)withsomepaints,Ms.Smith’sartlessonbegan.Imixedthepaintswithwaterasusual.AsItookthebrushaway,I4(drop)thepaintsontothepaper.Lookingatthemark,Idecided5(blow)it.Thepaintsbegantorun,andIblewharder.Thepaintsraninall6(direction)quicklyandmadeaveryinterestingpicture!IforgotthatIwasinclass7Ms.Smithcamebymydesk.Withabigsmileonherface,shesaid,“That’s8verygoodpicture,Sandy.”Afterclass,sheencouraged9(I)tokeeptryingandmakemorepictures.

Imadealotof10(wonder)pictureslaterwithherhelp.Sincethen,Ihavebeencrazyaboutcrayonsandpaints.IenjoymyselfintheworldofcolorseverytimeIpaint.

【答案】painting【解析】本题考查非谓语动词,设空处前是介词for。2.【答案】worse【解析】本题考查形容词的比较级。根据关键词than可知要用形容词比较级。3.【答案】wasplaying【解析】本题考查动词的时态。设空处表示动作正在进行,根据上下文可