新高考英语二轮复习题型专练28 应用文的用语锤炼之道(原卷版)

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）28应用文的用语锤炼之道【策略1：关注结构之美】学会判断句子成分是英语写作的基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配,就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。1.主谓(SV):主语+谓语主语:一般由名词(如boy)、主格代词(如I)、动词不定式或动词-ing形式等构成。主语一般放在句首。谓语:由动词构成,决定英语时态、语态变化,一般在主语后。不及物动词(vi.)不能直接加宾语。[经典示例]①Icancommunicatewell.我能很好地交流。②Thefarmhousecameintosight.农场的房舍进入视野。[佳句赏析]①最重要的时刻终于到来了。Themostimportantmomentfinallyarrived.

②然而,在2018年这种上涨的趋势慢了下来。However,thatincreasesloweddownin2018.

2.主(系)表(SP):主语+系动词+表语该句式中的谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等。连系动词有:(1)表示特征和存在状态:be,seem,appear;(2)表示感官:feel,look,smell,taste,sound;(3)表示状态延续:remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;(4)表示状态变化:become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow。[经典示例]①Ifeelhonored.我感到很荣幸。②Weshouldbeconsiderate.我们应该考虑周到。[佳句赏析]①我叫李华,晨光中学学生会主席。IamLiHua,presidentoftheStudentUnionfromChenguangMiddleSchool.

②在不久的将来,我们的学校将变成更让人喜爱的地方。Ourschoolwillbecomeamoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.

3.主谓宾(SVO):主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语该句式中的谓语动词具有实义,是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。常用于这类句型的动词有:like,hope,intend,learn,need,offer,promise,propose,refuse,want,wish等。[经典示例]①SoIcaneasilygetalongwithforeignstudents.所以我能很轻松地与外国学生交往。②Youshoulddoalotofpreparationexercise.你应该做很多准备练习。[佳句赏析]①学生和老师们都度过了一段愉快的时光。Thestudentsandteacherssharedagreattime.

②因此,它的票房收入可能会稍微上升一点。Therefore,itsbox-officeincomewillprobablyenjoyaslightincrease.

4.主谓宾宾(SVOO):主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语该句式中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。[经典示例]①HiswifeTinacookedusadeliciousdinner.他的妻子蒂娜给我们做了一顿美味的晚餐。②Thecompetitionoffersadolescentsagoodchancetoshowtheirtalents.这场竞赛给青少年提供了一个很好的展示才华的机会。[佳句赏析]①我正写信告诉你我最近的生活和学习情况。I’mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmylifeandstudyinrecentdays.

②这张画向我们展示了一个令人心动的时刻。Thepictureshowsusatouchingmoment.

5.主谓宾补(SVOC):主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语该句式中的“宾语+宾语补足语”又叫做“复合宾语”,其特点是宾语与其补语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,宾语具有双重身份,它既充当前面谓语的宾语,又兼作其后宾语补足语的逻辑主语。充当宾语补足语的词语和结构有:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等。[经典示例]①Ourteacherencouragedustobepersonsenjoyingwork.老师鼓励我们成为热爱劳动的人。②Twodaysago,MomaskedmetofindrelevantinformationontheInternet.两天以前,妈妈要求我在网上找一些相关信息。[佳句赏析]①另外,网上投票使得快速反馈成为可能。Furthermore,votingontheInternetmakesinstantfeedbackpossible.

②孩子们觉得燃放鞭炮很有趣。Childrenfindsettingofffirecrackersinteresting.

6.主谓状(SVA):主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语(副词、名词、介词短语等)该句式中的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。[经典示例]①Asisscheduled,thematchwilltakeplaceat8:00amonSaturdayatourschoolplayground.正如计划的那样,比赛将在本周六上午八点在学校操场举行。②Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.突然一只小兔子从我的马前跳了出来。[佳句赏析]①从2012年至2019年中国电影票房的收入在持续不断地上升。TheincomeofChinesefilmsincreasedconstantlyfrom2012to2019.

②这两个骑自行车的人在马路对面出现。Thetwocycliststurnedupacrosstheroad.

7.主谓宾状(SVOA):主语+谓语+宾语+状语[经典示例]①Youneedtoavoidmakingnoiseswhilechewingfood.咀嚼的时候你得避免发出噪音。②Expertswarnabouttwoextremeswhenitcomestoparents’praisefortheirchildren.当说到家长们表扬孩子的时候,专家们警告说要注意两个极端。[佳句赏析]①我必须通过阅读关于文化方面的书籍来提高自己。Ihavetoimprovemyselfbyreadingsomebooksaboutculture.

②你能够写一些有关你们当地的美国文化的东西吗?WouldyoupleasewritesomethingaboutthecultureinyourpartoftheUnitedStates?

8.存现句:Therebe+主语+定语(介词短语等)本句型又叫Therebe句型,常用来表示“在某地(某时)有某物(某人)”。若be后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,be动词应采取“邻近原则”,即be应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。在此句型中,谓语动词有时不用be,而用其他动词,使语言表达更生动形象,如live,stand,lie等。[经典示例]①Thereisnodenyingthatsuchratingsmightbringconveniencetoconsumers.毫无疑问这种排名会给消费者带来便利。②Thereisnobetterthemethanart,especiallyonthehistoryofwesternpaintingthatwillintereststudentsmore.没有比艺术更好的主题了,特别是关于西方绘画历史的,那更能引起学生们的兴趣。[佳句赏析]①不远处有一座桥,沿着桥你就能找到那棵树并摘到更多水果。Notfarawaythereisabridgethatcanleadyoutothetreeformorefruit.

②下一周我校将举行中国剪纸展。NextweektherewillbeaChinesepaper-cuttingexhibitionheldbyourschool.

[策略演练]根据所给信息补全短文,注意句式结构的使用。(来源：2017·全国卷Ⅰ)DearLeslie,Howareyou?GladtoseeyouhavemadesomeprogressinChineselearningand（1）(我正给你写信,告诉你一些我们下节课的事).

Thelessonwillbegivenfrom3pmto5pmontheafternoonofnextTuesdayintheclassroom502.Intheclass,（2）(你将主要学习唐诗),whichreflectstraditionalChinesecultureandisdeeplylovedbyChinese.YoucanfeelthebeautyofChinesebylearningTangPoetry.（3）(你最好课前做好充足的准备)andhaveabriefunderstandingofthehistoryofTangDynasty,（4）(它会让你非常轻松地上完这节课).

(如果有什么我能帮你的),pleasedon’thesitatetotellme.Lookingforwardtomeetingyou.

Yourssincerely,LiHua.答案：（1）I’mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutournextlesson（2）youwillmainlylearnTangpoetry（3）You’dbettermakefullpreparationsbeforeclass（4）whichmakesiteasyforyoutogothroughtheclass（5）IfthereisanythingthatIcanhelpyou【策略2：关注用语之美】1.思维路径1：替换常用简单词(1)动词升级简单词汇高级词汇say,believe,thinkfigure,holdtheviewthat,assumethat,Iamconvincedthatimprovepromote,enhance,strengthennevergiveupsticktoit,insistondoing,persistin,adheretoshouldbesupposedtodo,Itiswise/sensible/makessensetodo,nothingcouldbebetterthan...,It’sworthwhiletodo,deservedoing,finditrewardingandenjoyabletodo...likehaveapassionfor,befondof,fallinlovewith,haveanaffectionforcomeapproach,aroundthecorner,up-comingmakeenable,allowthankappreciate,begratefulto,conveymyheartfelthelpdosb.afavor,go/cometoone’said,withtheassistanceof,givesb.ahandusegainaccessto,beaccessibleto(2)形容词、副词、介词升级简单词汇高级词汇moreandmorepopularincreasinglypopularbigenormous,tremendousveryextremely,remarkably,overwhelmingly,pretty,perfectlyfamousaccomplished,haveahighreputation,distinguishedgoodamazing,unbelievable,incrediblebaddisgusting,awful,terribleimportantsignificant,vital,essential,fundamental,crucialallkindsofavarietyof,various,diverseaboutconcerning,relevant,related[经典示例]①Ontheonehand,toomuchpraisemightleadtochildren’slackofenthusiasmtoexplorenewthings,fortheyareafraidtheywon’tmeetparents’expectations.②Consideringtheenormousbenefits,whichwecanearnsteadilyfromtennispractice,includingpreventingusfromgettingshortsightedandkeepingphysicallyhealthy,wearelostintrainingcourse.[佳句赏析]①Thespecialdayallowspeopletoshowtheirloveandaffectionfor(对……表达爱和情感)theirfathers.

②It’sadvisable/wise(是明智的)forpeopletousetheircell-phonesmoreappropriately/properly(更恰当地).

③Withoutsufficientpreparation(没有充分准备),youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectlyandobtainsatisfactorymarks,letalonebeadmittedintoadesirableuniversity(梦想的大学).

④TracysaidshehadalreadyinformedSusanof(通知Susan)thechangeoftheappointment.

⑤PeoplegenerallythoughtitimpossiblefortheChineseteamtowinthechampionshipintheRioOlympicGames,buttheyovercamemanyhurdles(克服许多障碍)andeventuallyworkedmiracles/wonders(最终成功).

⑥DramaNightisscheduledto(预定)beheldontheeveningofnextFridayinthetheatrehall.

⑦Additionally(此外),havingbeenawardedscholarshiptwiceinourschool,Ihaveexcellentacademicperformance(极好的学术成就).

⑧Thisphenomenonhasbecomeaconcern/focus(成为焦点)wemustfacetodaybecauseofmanyseriousconsequences(许多严重后果)causedbyimproperuseofcell-phones.

2.思维路径2：变化所用词的词性在作文中,可以通过改变一个词的词性,使文章富有变化,让阅卷者感受到考生对词汇各种用法的掌握水平和灵活运用的程度。常见的变化词性的策略有名词变动词、动词变名词、形容词变名词等。(1)名词变动词Peopleareconcernedaboutthegradualdisappearanceofthetraditionalvalues.→Peopleareconcernedbecausethetraditionalvaluesaregraduallydisappearing.传统价值观正在渐渐地消亡,这让人们很担忧。(2)动词变名词Afterwatchinghisperformance,Ifoundhecouldreallydanceverywell.→Afterwatchinghisperformance,Ifoundhimareallygooddancer.看了他的表演之后,我发现他跳舞跳得很棒。(3)形容词变名词IwrotealettertoTomtothankhimforhisbeingsokind.→IwrotealettertoTomtothankhimforhiskindness.我写信给汤姆对他的善良表示感谢。3.思维路径3：短语富有变化汉语英语高级短语努力strugglefor=strivefor=sparenoeffortsfor从事embarkon=setabout=goinfor在当代incontemporarysociety=inpresent-daysociety=inthisdayandage大量的ahostof=agreatnumberof=alargeamountof更糟糕的是what’sworse=worsestill=tomakemattersworse遇见;偶遇meet=runinto=comeacross=meetwith=encounter依我看inmyopinion=asfarasI’mconcerned=frommypointofview除了……之外(还有)besides=inadditionto=apartfrom=aswellas=alongwith一方面,另一方面ononehand,ontheotherhand=foronething,foranotherthing高度评价thinkhighlyof=singhighpraisefor=thinkwellof把……考虑在内take...intoconsideration=take...intoaccount有资格的;有能力的;胜任的befitfor=beequalto=bequalifiedfor=becompetentin参加takepartin/participatein一些如何……的建议someadvice/tips/suggestionsonhowto...对……感到紧张feelnervous/anxiousabout克服紧张,缓解焦虑erase/overcome/getovernervousness/relieveanxiety树立信心,对自己有信心buildupconfidence/haveconfidenceinyourself/beconfidentaboutyourself对……有益的benefit=beofgreatbenefit=bebeneficialto对……有害的;对……有损害的harm=doharmto/dodamageto=beharmfulto接触到;有机会使用access=gain/haveaccessto=beaccessibleto对……(不)方便的beconvenient/inconvenientforsb.todo=bringconvenience/inconveniencetosb.对……有影响/作用haveaneffect/influence/impacton.../makeadifferencetosb.[经典示例]①Forexample,paper-cuttingandChineseknotsareallfeasiblemethodsofintroducingourculture,whicharealsomoreconvenienttoorganize.②ThereasonswhyIamqualifiedforthejobareasfollows.[佳句赏析]①Frommypointofview(我认为),it’struethatcell-phonesbringuslotsofbenefitsandconvenience,butonlywhenthey’reusedmoreappropriately(恰当地)cantheyserveusbetter.

②Allmyteachersandclassmatessinghighpraiseformyproficiency(高度赞扬我的熟练)inbothChineseandEnglish.

③Takingallyourrequirementsintoaccount/consideration(考虑到你的全部要求),IfirmlybelieveI’mtherightpersonyou’relookingfor.

④Asforaccommodation,IprefertolivewithalocalfamilybecauseIwanttoimprovemyEnglishandexperienceauthenticAmericanculturecloseup(近距离体验真实的美国文化).

⑤Youareoptimisticaboutlifeandalwayshaveconfidence,whateverdifficultyyoumayencounter(遇见),whichhelpsyoustandoutamongtheclassmates.⑥Withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandards(随着人们生活水平的改善),cell-phonesarefloodingintoourlife.

⑦Wearesorryforanyinconveniencethatwe’llbringtoyou(给您带来的不便).Thanksforyourunderstanding.

⑧Nowadays,thesmartphoneshavefoundtheirwaytoeveryfamilyandareplayingaveryimportantroleinourlife.Theyarebeneficialtousinmanyways.However,theyalsodoharmtousmentallyandphysically(有害于我们的身心健康).

⑨Inaddition,seldomdoIhavetimetokeepmyparentscompany,soIdecidetohelpmyparentswithsomehouseworktorelease/ease/lessen/reducetheirpressure(缓解压力),whichIthinkisofbenefittoenhancetherelationship(加强关系)betweenmyfamilymembers.

4.思维路径4：变主动语态为被动语态考生在写作中习惯使用主动语态,其实,如果不知道动作的执行者、没必要强调执行者或者想要表达更加客观一些的话,被动语态就是一个很好的选择。例如:(1)Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.(爸爸在我过生日的时候给了我一本新书。)→Iwasgivenanewbook(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(间接宾语作了主语)→Anewbookwasgiventome(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(直接宾语作了主语)(2)Andsomeworld-famousplayerswillbeinvitedtogivelessons.并且会邀请一些世界著名的球员来上课。(3)Besides,youareexpectedtobringsomenicesmallgifts.除此之外,(大家)会期望你带一些小的美好的礼物。[思维演练]根据所给信息补全短文,并注意高级词汇的使用。(来源：2018·全国卷Ⅲ)DearPeter,(我非常高兴)tohearfromyou.Youaskedmeinyourlastletteraboutthephysicalexerciseinourschoolandthefollowinginformationmay（2）(给你一个粗略的理解).

Tobeginwith,（3）(一座美丽的新体育馆已落成),which（4）(已成为新的地标)inourschool.Moreover,withthestadiumsetup,（5）(各种体育项目)areabletobeheld,ofwhichping-pong,football（6）(以及)runningcompetitions（7）(越来越受欢迎).Asforme,（8）(热爱篮球)sinceithasbeengivingmestrength（9）(去迎接生活中的挑战).

Allinall,I（10）(诚挚邀请)youtocometoourschoolandseeforyourself.

Yours,LiHua答案：（1）Iamexceedinglydelighted（2）giveyouaroughsketch（3）afabulousnewstadiumhasbeenbuiltup（4）hasbecomethenewlandmark（5）awiderangeofsportsevents（6）aswellas（7）enjoygreatpopularity（8）I’mintoxicatedwithbasketball（9）toconfrontthechallengesinmylife（10）sincerelyinvite【真题再现】【2020·全国卷III】假定你李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教MissEvans写封邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括:1.剧情简介；2.指导内容；3.商定时间地点。注意:1.词数100左右;2.结束语已为你写好。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearMissEvans,Howiseverythinggoing!Iamwritinginsinceritytoaskyouafavorregardingaplayweadaptedaccordingtothetextbook.We’dliketocombineyourculturewithoursbyadaptingtheclassicnovelTheSteamboatforashortEnglishplay.Theplayissetonabigstormaftermidnight,ontheraftdowntherivernavigation,weseeasteamboatthatisgoingtosink.Wesavedascaredboy.However,theadaptionisquiteachallenge.HavingwrittentheEnglishscript,wedon’twantanythinginappropriatetospoiltheplay.Sowouldyoupleasesparesometimetoreviewthedraftscriptattachedtothisemailandmakenecessarychanges?Ifitisconvenient,mayIpayyouavisitatyourofficenextTuesdaytogiveyoumoredetails?Givenyourbusyschedule,I’dbeveryappreciativeifyouoffertogivesomeprofessionaladvice.Lookforwardtoyourearlyreply.Bestregards!Yourstruly,LiHua【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，请求外教MissEvans对于《theSteamboat》改编短剧的支持。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时，一般过去时和一般将来时。结构：总分总法第一段说明写这封邮件的目的；第二段详细说明英语戏剧的剧情介绍和指导内容细节问题；第三段表达感谢，并期待早日得到回复。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）writeto；accordingto；combine；adaption；challenge；attachedto；convenient第三步：连词成句根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：Ifitisconvenient,mayIpayyouavisitatyourofficenextTuesdaytogiveyoumoredetails?这句话运用了if引导的条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。【题型演练】1为丰富校园生活，你校将组织迎新年篮球赛，地点设在校体育馆。假定你是学生会主席，面向本校留学生写一则通知，告知相关事宜。内容包括：1.比赛时间和地点；2.报名时间和方式；3.活动意义。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom给你发来邮件，说他最近几次考试成绩不太理想，他现在很难过。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：1.理解他的处境；2.给他提一些建议。注意：1.字数100左右；2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。3假定你是高中学生李华，代表自己班级，邀请Dr.Frost给班级同学做一场关于“如何保持身心健康”的在线讲座。请你写一封信，发出邀请。要点：1.时间，地点；2.主题，可简述原因；3.期望与感谢。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearFrost,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua4假定你是李华，你校将举办英语文化节，要求每个班级出一个节目。你的同学王明善于演唱英文歌曲，但是因为月考临近，他不愿参加此项活动。请你给他写一封建议信，内容包括：1.理解他的想法；2.建议协调好学习和活动的关系；3.陈述参加集体活动的好处。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearWangMing,SorrytolearnthatyouchoosenottoattendthecomingEnglishCultureFestival.__________________________