Unit1第2课时reading（知识精讲分层练习）八年级英语上册讲义（牛津译林版）（教师版）

Unit1Friends第2课时reading目标导航jing目标导航jing重点词汇1.慷慨的，大方的adj._______________2.乐意的，愿意的adj._______________3.在任何时候adv._______________4.嗓音n._______________5.歌手n._______________→唱歌v._______________6.几乎，差不多adv._______________7.圆形的adj._______________8.感觉；观念，意识n._______________9.幽默n._______________10.无聊的adj._______________11.可容纳，装进vt._______________12.碰，撞；把……撞击成vt.______________13.笔直的adj._______________14.可爱的，惹人喜爱的adj.______________15.微笑vi._______________16.个性n._______________17.选择；挑选vt.&vi._______________重点词组1.有一副好嗓音_______________2.想要成为一名歌手_______________3.戴又小又圆的眼镜_______________4.使他看起来精神_______________5.很有幽默感_______________6.使我大笑_______________7.感到无聊_______________8.路过_______________9.说任何人的坏话_______________10.把某物撞翻到_______________11.擅长讲笑话_______________12.乐于做某事_______________13.有需要的人_______________重点句型1.她乐意和他的朋友分享东西。She______________________________sharethingswithherfriends.2.她长大后想成为一名歌手。She______________________________asingerwhenshe____________________.3.他讲有趣的笑话，总是使我大笑。He______________________________andalways______________________________.4.当他经过我们课桌的时候，他常常把我们的书和钢笔撞到地上。Whenhe____________________ourdesks,heoften__________ourbooksandpens__________thefloor.5.当某事使我担心的时候，我总是去找她帮忙。When______________________________,Icanalways______________________________.【答案】【教材单词】1.generous 2.willing 3.anytime（=anytime） 4.voice 5.singersing6.almost 7.round 8.sense 9.humour=humor 10.bored11.fit 12.knock 13.straight 14.sweet 15.smile16.personality 17.choose【重点短语】1.haveagoodvoice 2.wanttobeasinger 3.wearsmallroundglasses4.makehimlooksmart 5.haveagoodsenseofhumour 6.makemelaugh7.feelbored 8.walkpast 9.sayabadwordaboutanyone10.knocksth.onto... 11.begoodattellingjokes 12.bewillingtodosth.13.somethinginneed【核心句型】1.iswilingto 2.wantstobe;growsup 3.tellsfunnyjokes;makesmelaugh4.walkspast;knocks;onto 5.somethingworriesme;gotoher知识点睛jing知识点睛jing一．Bettyisoneofmybestfriends.Betty是我最好的朋友之一。【精讲】oneof+the+adj.最高级+n.复数(+v.三单) e.g.Oneofworld'smostpopularsportsisfootball.练一练练一练1.长江是世界上最长河流之一。ChangjiangRiveris______________________________intheworld.【答案】oneofthelongestrivers【详解】最……的……之一oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数。长的long，其最高级为longest；河流river。故填oneofthelongestrivers。2．LiLeiisoneof______inourclass.A．beststudents B．agoodstudentC．thebeststudents D．goodstudents【答案】C【详解】句意：李雷是我们班最好的学生之一。考查形容词最高级。oneofthe+形容词的最高级+名词复数，表示“……中最……的之一”。形容词最高级的前面应该有冠词the，故这里的名词应该用复数形式。故选C。二．lsshereadytohelpwhenyouhaveproblems?当你有困难的时候她愿意去帮助你么?Sheiswillingtosharethingswithherfriends.她乐于和朋友们分享事情。【精讲】bereadyto/bewillingtobewillingtodo=bereadytodo=begladtodo 乐意做某事【拓展】1.get/bereadyforsth. 为某事做好准备2.getsth.readyforsb. 为某人准备好某物练一练练一练1.Areyou________(will)tohelpmewithmymaths?【答案】willing2.Don’t______.Whensomething______you,youcanaskmeforhelp.A.worry,worryB.worried,worriesC.worry,worriesD.worries,worried【答案】C三．Shehelpsmewithmyhomework.她总是在作业上帮助我。【精讲】help的用法Help n.帮助 v．帮助;有助于helpful adj.乐于助人的helpless adj.无助的;无能的【重点短语】1．帮助别人做某事 helpsb.do/todosth.2.在某事上帮助某人 helpsb.withsth.3．不能帮忙做某事 can'thelpdo/withsth.4．情不自禁地做某事 can'thelpdoingsth.5．在某人的帮助下 withthehelpofsb.【拓展】behelpful=beof(great)help练一练练一练1.Maryisso______———sheestoyouwheneveryou’reintrouble.A.useful B.careful C.helpful D.thankful【答案】C四．shealwaysgivesherseatonthebustosomeoneinneed.她总是在公交车上给有需要的人让座。【精讲】need的用法n.需要，需求sb.inneed有需要的人*inneedofsth.需要某物*satisfy/meetone'sneed满足某人的需求(9BU3)v.需要肯定否定实义动词needtodosth.don'tneedtodosth.情态动词needdosth.needn'tdosth.*特殊用法主动表被动:sth.needdoing=sth.needtobedone练一练 练一练1.她乐意任何时候帮助需要帮助的人。_______________________________________________________________________【答案】Sheiswilling/readytohelppeopleinneedanytime.五Bettyhasagoodvoice.Betty有一副好的嗓音。【精讲】voice(三个声音) voice嗓音指人的嗓音，说话声或歌声noise噪音指吵闹的，嘈杂的，让人烦躁的声音sound声音泛指可以听到的任何声音e.g.Therewastoomuchnoiseoutsidetheclassroom.Thephysicsteacherhadtoraisehisvoice,"Lighttravelsfasterthansound."【补充】(1)speakinalowvoice 小声说话(2)noisy adj.吵闹的 noisily adv.吵闹地六．Whowouldyouchooseasyourbestfriend?你会选择谁做你最好的朋友?【精讲】choose*choose vt./vi.选择;挑选 过去式:chose 1.choosesth. 选择...(具体内容) choosefrom... 从...中选择(有范围) choosetodosth. 选择去做某事 choosesb.as/tobe 选择某人作为...2.choice n.选择;选择权;被选中的东西 havenochoice 没有选择的余地 makeachoice 做出选择*3.can'tchoosebutdosth=havenochoicebuttodosth.=candonothingbutdosth.别无选择，只好... 七．Maxhasagoodsenseofhumour.Max很有幽默感。【精讲】sense/humour1.humour(=humor) n.幽默humorous adj.幽默的2.sense n.感觉;意识 asenseofsmell 嗅觉 monsense 常识 makesense 有意义;讲得通 sixthsense 第六感3．幽默感 asenseofhumor方向感 asenseofdirection八．lneverfeelboredwithhim.和他一起，我从不觉得无聊。Maxissointeresting!Max真有趣啊!【精讲】ed/ing形容词 1.feelboredwith... 对...感到无聊 beboredwith=betiredof... 对...感到厌烦2.ed/ing形容词常修饰对象含义例子ed结尾人自身“感觉...的”lfeelexcited./T'minterestedinEnglish.ing结尾事物“令人感觉...的”anexcitingmatch/aninterestingbook*特殊:excitedlook 激动的表情(自身感觉激动的) boringpeople 无聊之人(令人感觉无聊的) 练一练练一练1.MissJonesmakesherclass______andshealwaysmakesthestudents______.A.interesting,laughingB.interesting,laughC.interested,laughD.interested,laughing【答案】B2.I’mreally________(bore),becausethereisnothinginterestingtodo.【答案】bored九．Theydonotfitwellunderhisdesk.它们在桌子底下容纳不下。【精讲】fit的用法1.v.①可容纳，装进 e.g.Allthekidscanfitinthebackofthecar.②适合(大小，尺寸)【复习】 e.g.Thispairofshoesfitsmewell.2.adj. 【复习】适合的befitfor=besuitablefor e.g.Thispairofshoesisfitforme.②健康的keepfit=keephealthy十．Whenhewalkspastourdesks,heoftenknocksourbooksandpensontothefloor.他走过我们的课桌时，经常把我们的书和笔撞到地板上。【精讲】walkpast/pass词性用法同义替换pastprep.常放于v./be后walkpastourdeskspasssVt.V.的所有用法=passourdesks类似的单词辨析:cross&across cross=go/walk+acrosse.g.Mikealwayshelpstheoldcrosstheroad.=Mikealwayshelpstheoldwalkacrosstheroad.十一．whenhewalkspastourdesks,heoftenknocksourbooksandpensontothefloor.他走过我们的课桌时，经常把我们的书和笔撞到地板上。【精讲】knock短语搭配 knockon/at 敲 e.g.Listen!Whoisknockingonthedoor?knockoff 把...撞倒 e.g.Mikeknockedmybooksoffthedesk.knockover 把...撞翻 e.g.Youmaynotknockoverthetrashcan.十二．Mayisatruefriend.May是一个真正的朋友。【精讲】true/real(1)trueadj.真实的(符合事实) e.g.Whathesaidistrue. 真正的(达到某种标准的) e.g.atrueman.(2)realadj.真实的(真实存在的，不是虚构的) e.g.HarryPotterisn'tarealboy.【拓展】truly=really adv.真地 e.g.TheMathexamistruly/reallydifficult.十三．Whensomethingworriesme,Icanalwaysgotoher.当有事困扰我时，我可以向她寻求帮助。【精讲】worry(1)worry vt.使...担忧;困扰 worrysb. 困扰某人;使某人担忧 e.g.Hisbadhealthworriedhisparentsalot. worry(that)... 担心...【补充】(1)worry vi.担心 worryaboutsb./sth.担心某人或某事(2)worried adj.担心的（可与动词同义替换) beworriedaboutsb./sth=worryaboutsb. 担心某人或某事 beworried(that) 担心...(3)worryingadj.令人担心的 e.g.Theingexamisquiteworrying.练一练练一练1.Don’t______.Whensomething______you,youcanaskmeforhelp.A.worry,worryB.worried,worriesC.worry,worriesD.worries,worried【答案】C分层练习分层练习【基础练习】一、根据句子意思和汉语提示，用合适的单词填空1.Weallknowtheearthis________(圆的).2.Shelookedatmeand________(微笑)sweetly.3.Mysixth

________(感觉)

toldmetostayhereandwait.4.Mycousin

is

a

________(惹人喜爱的)

little

girl.Wealllikeher.5._________(几乎)alltheyoungpeoplelikechattingontheInternet.【答案】1.round2.smiled3.sense4.sweet5.Almost二、根据句子意思和首字母提示补全单词，使句子意思完整、正确1.Becarefulnottok________theglassoffthetable.2.Thecatissofatthatitcan’tf________inthebox.3.Theoldwomanisveryg________.SheoftenraisesmoneyforProjectHope.4.A

s________

line

(线)is

the

shortest

distance(距离)

between

two

points(点).5.Sandy’sv________soundsgreat.Manypeoplethinkshewillmakeagoodsinger.【答案】1.knock2.fit3.generous4.straight5.voice三、根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Sandyisthe_________(slim)girlinourclass.2.Areyou________(will)tohelpmewithmymaths?3.StephenChow’sfilmsarealwaysfullof________(humorous).4.Adeleisoneofthemostpopular________(sing)atthemoment.5.I’mreally________(bore),becausethereisnothinginterestingtodo.【答案】1.slimmest2.willing3.humour4.singers5.bored四、选用方框内的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多余的onto;inneed;isreadyto;growsup;personality;sayabadwordabout;worries;shorterthan1.MybestfriendMayis____________I.2.They

are

collecting

money

for

families

_____________.

3.Jillwantstotravelaroundtheworldwhenshe_____________.4.Whensomething_____________Tom,healwaysestome.5.Myneighboursnever____________anyone.Wearelikeabigfamily.6.Millieisreallyhelpful.She_____________helpwhenwehaveproblems.7.Ahundredand

fifty

empty

bottlesfell

_____________

the

floor.Theywereeverywhere.【答案】1.shorterthan2.inneed3.growsup4.worries5.sayabadwordabout6.isreadyto7.onto五、同义句转换，每空填一词1.Mycousinisa1.7metertallboy.Mycousinisaboyof1.7________________.2.Maryandhersisterliveinthesamebedroom.Mary________abedroom________hersister.3.Nobodybelievesherwords.Nobodybelieves_________________________.4.Danielnevertellsmysecretstoothers.Danielalways________________________me.5.Maxwearssmallroundglasses.Theymakehimlooksmart.Max________________________hissmallroundglasses.【答案】1.meterstall2.shares;with3.whatshesays4.keepssecretsfor5.lookssmartin六、根据汉语意思，完成下列句子1.一个真诚的朋友不会说任何人不好的事情。A________friend_________says___________________________________.2.海伦有美妙的嗓音。她将来想成为一名歌手。Helenhasagood_________.Shewantstobeasinger_________________________.3.长长的直发使她看上去很漂亮。Thestraightlonghair_____________________________________________________.4.他很有幽默感。和他在一起我从来不感到无聊。He________________________________.I___________________________withhim.5.她很可爱，经常微笑。_______________________________________________________________________6.你想选谁作你最好的朋友？_______________________________________________________________________7.她乐意任何时候帮助需要帮助的人。_______________________________________________________________________【答案】1.true;never;badthingsaboutanyone/anybody2.voice;inthefuture3.makesherlookpretty/beautiful…4.hasagoodsenseofhumour;neverfeelbored5.Sheissweetandsmilesoften.6.Whowouldyouchooseasyourbestfriend?7.Sheiswilling/readytohelppeopleinneedanytime.七、用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空，使短文完整Davidisoneofmybestfriends.He1_________(be)sixteenyearsold.Heisthetallestinourclassalmost1.78metersandweighs65kg.Hewearsroundglasses.Thatmakeshim2________(look)reallysmart.Davidishelpful.Ifsomeonehasproblems,heisalwaysready3________(help).Lastweek,anoldmanwassuddenlyilland4________(fall)inthestreet.Hesenttheoldmantothehospitalatonce.Daviddoeswellin5________(play)theviolin.Hesayshewantstobeaviolinistwhenhe6________(grow)up.【答案】1.is2.look3.tohelp4.fell5.playing6.grows【能力拓展】一．完型填空DearAlex,I’mwritingtotellyouaboutmybestfriendJames.Hewearsglassesbecausehe1toomuchtimeinfrontoftheputer.Hewantstobeaputerprogrammer2hegrowsup.HehasagoodsenseofhumourandIalwaysfeel3withhim.Heisvery4andalwaysreadytohelppeopleinneed.Ithinkheisatruefriendbecausehecan5,soIcantellhim6Ithink.Heisagoodfriendto7myhappinesswith.Whensomething8me,Ialwaysgotohimforhelp.Iliketalkingto9inmyfreetime.What’smore,we10likeplayingfootball.Heisquitegoodatit.Weoftenplaytogetherafterschool.Pleasetellmesomethingaboutyourbestfriend,too.YourssincerelySimon1．A．costs B．takes C．spends D．pays2．A．when B．where C．before D．until3．A．bored B．sad C．pleased D．healthy4．A．careful B．helpful C．hopeful D．wonderful5．A．keepsecrets B．telllies C．makemelaugh D．telljokes6．A．that B．who C．what D．which7．A．give B．share C．help D．offer8．A．visits B．knocks C．gives D．worries9．A．he B．his C．her D．him10．A．both B．all C．never D．seldom【答案】1．C2．A3．C4．B5．A6．C7．B8．D9．D10．A【分析】文章是一封信，西门写信介绍他最好的朋友詹姆斯。1．句意：他戴着眼镜因为他花很多时间在电脑前。costs花费，主语为物，宾语为金钱；takes花费，主语为It或物，宾语为时间；spends花费，主语为人，宾语为时间或金钱；pays支付。根据主语“he”及“toomuchtimeinfrontoftheputer”可知表达“花太多时间在电脑上”，用spend。故选C。2．句意:他想长大成为一名电脑程序员。when当……时候；where哪里；before在……之前；until直到。根据“hegrowsup”可知表达“当他长大的时候”，用连词“when”引导时间状语从句。故选A。3．句意：他有很强的幽默感，我总是对他很满意。bored无聊的；sad悲伤的；pleased开心的，满意的；healthy健康的。根据“HehasagoodsenseofhumourandIalwaysfeel”可知表达“对某人感到满意”，用“bepleasedwith”。故选C。4．句意：他总是帮助需要帮助的人。careful小心的；helpful有帮助的；hopeful充满希望的；wonderful出色的。根据“alwaysreadytohelppeopleinneed”可知讲述他帮助别人，用形容词“helpful”。故选B。5．句意：我认为他是一个真正的朋友，因为他能保守秘密。因此我能告诉他我的想法。keepsecrets保密；telllies撒谎；makemelaugh让我大笑；telljokes开玩笑。根据“heisatruefriend”及“soIcantellhim”可知表达“能保密”，用动词短语“keepsecrets”。故选A。6．句意：我认为他是一个真正的朋友，因为他能保守秘密。因此我能告诉他我的想法。that那；who谁；what什么；which哪一个。“tellhim”后是宾语从句，根据“Ithink”可知表达“我想什么”，用“what”引导从句并作从句的宾语。故选C。7．句意：他是一个好朋友，可以和我分享我的开心。give给；share分享；help帮助；offer提供。根据“myhappinesswith”可知用短语“sharesth.withsb.”。故选B。8．句意：当有事使我困扰时，我总是向他求助。visits参观；knocks敲；gives给；worries困扰。根据“Ialwaysgotoherforhelp”可知应是有事使作者困扰，所以才去求助的。故选D。9．句意：我在空余时间喜欢和他聊天。he他；his他的；her她的；him他，宾格。“to”后面用代词宾格。根据前文的“he”，可知用宾格“him”。故选D。10．句意：而且，我们两个人都喜欢踢足球。both二者都；all三者或以上都；never从不；seldom很少。“we”指的是我和我的朋友，根据“Heisquitegoodatit.Weoftenplaytogetherafterschool”可知表达“两个人都喜欢”，用代词“both”。故选A。二．阅读理解Cindy,JerryandMaryaregivingtheiropinionsaboutagoodfriend.Cindy:Ithinkagoodfriendshouldbehonest（诚实的）.That'smoreimportantthananyotherthingandiswhereagoodfriendshipstarts.Ifafriendisn'thonest,hemaylosehisfriends'trust.Jerry:Ithinkagoodfriendhastobegenerous.Here"generous"doesn'tmeanhehastogivehisfriendshislunchmoneyorhisclothes.Itmeansheshouldshare（分享）hisideasandfeelingswithhisfriends.Infact,hisfriendscanknowhimbetterinthisway.Mary:Inmyopinion,agoodfriendshouldunderstand（理解）hisfriends.Whenthere'ssomethingwrongbetweenhimandhis