Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句课件

定语从句RelativeClause什么是定语？定语就是修饰名词或代词的成分，作定语的除了形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语。Thisisabeautifulflower.Thisisaflowerinthegarden.Thisistheflowerwhichyougivetome.形容词做前置定语介词短语做后置定语定语从句做后置定语Whatisclause？什么是从句？由主语(S)+谓语(V)构成的句子你跑。我追。你插翅难逃。Youran.Ichase.Youcan’tgetaway.Aclauseconsistsofasubjectandverbwithinasentence.Whatisrelativeclause?什么是定语从句？定语从句，或者说形容词性从句就是从句在句子中充当定语的作用，用来修饰前面名词或代词的句子。Arelativeclause,oraadjectiveclauseisatypeofclauseinasentencethatmodifiesanounorpronounintheindependentsentence.Therelativeclausesong关系词关系代词关系副词whowhomwhosewhichthatwhenwherewhyThemanwholivesnextdoor

isadentist.先行词theantecedent定语从句RelativeClauseRelativepronoun(关系代词）作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中充当一个成分定语从句的构成先行词theantecedent定语从句RelativeClauseThisisthestorewhereIbroughtmybike.作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中充当一个成分Relativeadverb(关系副词）定语从句的构成构成先行词+关系词+从句名词或代词关系代词和关系副词Themanwholivesnextdoorisadentist.ThisisthestorewhereIbroughtmybike.找到:先行词，定语从句，关系词极其所做成分Sheisthegirlthat/whohelpedme.Thisisthebook

whosecoverisblue.Thisistheroomwhichhelivedinlastyear.HeisthemanwhomImetyesterday.Thisisthegirl

whoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Ilike

thebook

that/whichwerewrittenbyLuxun.指人，做主语指物，做主语指物，做宾语指人，做宾语指人，做定语指物，作定语thegirlthat/whohelpedmethat/whichwerewrittenbyLuxunthebooktheroomwhichhelivedinlastyearthemanthegirlwhomImetyesterdaywhoseparentshavegonetoBeijingthebookwhosecoverisblue1.TheteamthatLangPinghadbuiltwasfalling

apart.2.Theplayerwhobecameknownas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhis

graceful

movesandjumps.3.Themental

strengththatheshowedmadehimunique.4.TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.找出下列句子中先行词，定语从句，关系词极其所做成分关系代词的用法关系代词

指代的先行词在从句中所做成分that人/物主语，宾语which物主语，宾语who人主语，宾语whom人宾语whose(人/物)的定语as人/物主语，宾语，表语做宾语可以省略that?which?that

指人指物which

指物一般情况：特殊情况：有些情况只能用that,不能用which.有些情况只能用which,不能用that.

eg.Weshoulddoall

thatisusefultothepeople.1、当先行词是something,anything,everything,nothing,all,little,few,some等_________时或者被不定代词修饰时。2、当先行词是_______或_______最高级，或被其修饰时;不定代词序数词形容词ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.Thisisthebestforeignfilm

thatIhaveeverseen.只用that的情况3、当先行词是既有_______又有_______时;4、当先行词被_______，_______，_______,thelast等修饰时;人物theonlytheverythesameeg：Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersons

thattheyhaveseenduringtheirlongjourney.eg:Sheistheonlygirl

thatwonthefirstprize.

只用that的情况eg:Football,_______isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.1、在非限制性定语从句中；

eg：Thisisthetrainby___wewenthome.whichwhich只用which的情况2、关系词前有介词时；4、先行词后面有插入语时；eg:

Whatis

that

whichthedogisrunningafter？3、先行词本身是that；eg：HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,

asI'vetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书,它能帮你提高英语。只用which的情况That'stheday

whenwefinishedthework.Thisistheschool

whereIstudiedthreeyearsago.Nobodyknowsthereasonwhysheisoftenlateforschool.找到：

先行词，定语从句，关系词极其所做成分指时间，作状语指地点，做状语指原因，做状语thedaywhenwefinishedtheworktheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsagowhysheisoftenlateforschoolthereason关系副词先行词在从句中的成分whenwherewhy名词，表时间时间状语地点状语名词，表地点reason，表原因原因状语关系副词的用法关系副词=介词+关系代词when=at/in/during/on...+whichShewillneverforgettheday.Shewasmarriedonthatday.Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)shewasmarried.Itwastheyear.TheWorldWarIbrokeoutintheyear.Itwastheyearwhen(=inwhich)theWorldWarIbrokeout.when=介词+which时间状语where=介词+whichIwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasbornintheplace.Thetableisanewone.Sheissittingatthetable.Thetablewhere(=atwhich)sheissittingisanewone.地点状语where=in/at/...+which原因状语why=介词+whichwhy做原因状语，先行词常是thereasonThisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)I’mlate.Iknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hesaiditwhy=for+whichPractice1.Thisisthefactory_____________heworks.2.Istillremembertheday_____________Imether.3.Idon’tknowthereason_____________hewaslate.where(inwhich)when(onwhich)why(forwhich)Practice2.InfactTomdidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.A.where

B.who

C.inwhich

D.which1.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whose

B.who

C.whom

D.which3.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.A.where

B./

C.when

D.what4.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.where

B.that

C.which

D.onwhich定语从句分类定语从句TheDefiningRelativeClause限制性定语从句TheNon-DefiningRelativeClause非限制性定语从句Themanwholivesnextdoor

isadentist.Mr.Brownisadentist，wholivesnextdoor.补充说明住在隔壁的男人是一个牙医。布朗先生是个牙医，他住在隔壁限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句修饰限定限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别23.Youareresponsible,whichmakesotherbelieveinyou.1.Mr.Brownisadentist

，wholivesnextdoor.2.WewillgraduateinJuly,whenwewillbefree.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词可以是单个的___________，也可以是整个______,从句和主句用______隔开。。名词或代词句子逗号1.Isawtheguywhodeliversmymailintownyesterday.2.I'llalwaysremembertheriverwherewelearnedtoswim.3.Doyouknowthereasonwhytheskyisblue?4.She'sthepersonwhosedaughtergoestoHarvard.whichguy?whichriver?thereasonforwhat?whichperson?若去掉，句子含义不明确无逗号与主句隔开1.Paris,

whereIspentsixmonthsstudying,isthemostbeautifulcityintheworld.2.Thewomandownthestreet,whosechildrenarethesameageasyours,invitedusoverfordinnernextweek.3.Themovie,whichismyfavoritecomedyofalltime,isbeingshownonTVtomorrownight.有逗号与主句隔开若去掉，不影响句子含义限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开用逗号“，”与主句隔开意义上起限定修饰作用，如删除，主句则意义不完整起的补充说明，如删除，主句意思仍然完整功能修饰先行词修饰先行词，整个主句或主句的一部分引导词所有的关系代词和关系副词除that和why的关系词非限制性定语从句引导词关系代词关系副词whowhomwhosewhichthataswhenwherewhy非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法1.who,whom,whose(1)关系代词

who,whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。(2)关系代词________在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;_______

作宾语;介词后用_________。(3)whose作定语,先行词是人时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+

________。先行词是物时,whose+n.相当于

the+n.

+

________。ofwhomofwhichwhowhomwhom1.Sarah,______hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,

wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.2.Peter,___________youmetinLondon,isnowbackin

Paris.3.Isobel,_________brotherwastrainingforthematch,had

heardthejokebefore.4.Thebooksonthedesk,_______coversareshiny,areprizesforus.whowho/whomwhosewhose

thecoversofwhich1.who,whom,whose2.when,where

(1)

关系副词

when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指

代主句中表示________的词语。(2)关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,

指代

主句中表示________的词语。(3)when/where有时可以换成“介词+which”。(4)不能用why

引导非限制性定语从句,要用___________

代替。时间地点forwhich

1.TheywenttoLondon,__________theylivedforsixmonths.2.We’llputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,

________theweathermaybebetter.3.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,__________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.4.IleftonSunday,_______________everyonewasathome.5.Ihadtoldthemthereason,_________Ididn’tattendthemeeting.where

whenwhen/onwhichwhere

forwhich2.when,where

3.as,which区别

aswhich指代引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的某一名词或代词位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后可位于主句之中或之后，不能位于主句之前意义“正如，就像…”“这，那”功能起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等引导的从句，在意义上相当于一个并列句Asthesayinggoes,…Asweallknow,…/Asisknowntoall,…Asisreported,…Asismentionedabove,…Asisexpected,...Asisoftenthecase,…正如谚语所说...正如大家所知道....正如被报导的是...正如上面提到的是...正如所预料的那样...情况经常是这样...在下列固定搭配之中，意为“正如”①正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。Sheisalwaysworkinghard，____everyonecansee.②这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。Thebook，______I

boughtyesterday,isveryinstructive.③她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。______everyonecansee,sheishonest.=Sheishonest，_______everyonecansee.④众所周知，吸烟有害健康。______weallknow，smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.⑤汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。Tomsuddenlyfellill，_______madeusverysad.aswhichAsasAswhichas?which?1.Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.(Para.1,P2)2.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.(Para.2,P2)3.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.(Para.3,P3)找出下列句子的定语从句，说明它们的作