MBAMPAMPACC联考英语真题

2012MBAMPAMPACC联考英语真题

Section1UseofEninglishDirections:

MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowitusedtobe.Tothemenandwomenwho1)inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3)alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4)offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5)anaverageguy,up

6)thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies。

Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation7)GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle8)tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9)ittothetop.Joe

Blow,JoeMagrac…aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas10)hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe。

GI.joehada(11)careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heappersasacharacter,ora(12)ofamericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGI.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle(13)portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe(14)sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports(16)the“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen(17)thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the(18)ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthe

civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,

G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,(20)themostimportantpersonintheirlives。1.[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed

2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal3.[A]bore[B]cased[C]removed[D]loaded

4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence

6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against

7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]passeddown9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed

10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither

11.[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained

16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advancea19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond

20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutset[D]atthatpointSectionIIResdiongComprehension

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified

hasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade。

Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseof

complicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren。

Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquite

possiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule。

Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.

Conversely,ifhomeworkdoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect。

Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsiblefor

settingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.Itisnottoolatefor

L.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright。

21.Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework 。

[A]isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual

[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferences

22.L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents 。

[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework

[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework

AccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay 。[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework

[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards

[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers'powerineducation

AsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswhether .[A]itshouldbeeliminated

[B]itcountsmuchinschooling

[C]itplacesextraburdensonteachers[D]itisimportantforgrades

Asuitabletitleforthistextcouldbe 。

WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework

[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomework

Text2

Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Ttisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,

betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests。

Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthe

mid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketing

strategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears。

Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnatural

tokins,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’s

behaviour:wrong.Turnsout,acdordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s。

Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Ttwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboost

profits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist。

Bysaying"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1)，theauthormeanspink 。[A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood

[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests

AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA。

[B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls。

[C]Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders。[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies。

Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby 。

themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature[C]researchesintochildren'sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption

WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto 。

focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders

[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers'terms

Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemstobe 。

clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers

[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts

Text3

In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatg

eneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO)，atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle。

OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastc

ancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike。

Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafed

eraltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJustice“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds。”

Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhetherth

esequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt。

AStheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterpaniesareunlikelyto morepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublicdomain.firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesintcract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbe

usedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor‘connectingthedits’,expaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO。

Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrtcentlyheldaconventionwhich

includedseddionstocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked。

itcanbelearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike

theirexecutivestobeactive

judgestoruleoutgenepatenting

genestobepatcntablc

theBIOtoissueawarning

thosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat

genetictestsarenotreliable

onlyman-madeproductsarepatentable

patentsongenesdependmuchoninnovatiaon

courtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests

accordingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsforA.establishingdiseasecomelations

B.discoveringgeneinteractionsC.drawingpicturesofgenesD.identifyinghumanDNA

Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthormeansthat

thesupremecourtwasauthoritative

theBIOwasapowerfulorganization

genepatentingwasagreatconcern

lawyerswerekeentoattendconventiongs

generallyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingisA.critical

B.supportiveC.scornfulD.objective

Text4

Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.

Beforeitends,

itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears。

Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconomicdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,

ithasawokenusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending。

Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMoralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedthe

advanceofrightsandfreedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclasses。

Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,anddecreaseopportunitiestocrossthemespeciallyforyoungpeople.TheresearchofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwise

wouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleftbehind。

Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwinthinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’scharacter.Inmanyrespects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerantenteringthisresessionthanatanytimeinitshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaveshownmixedresults.Wewillhavetowaitandseeexactlyhowthesehardtimeswillreshapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlyit,andallthemoresothelongerthey

extend。

Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto 。

seeksubsidiesfromthegovemment[B]explorereasonsfortheunermployment[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession

AccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople 。

realizethenationaldream[B]struggleagainsteachother[C]challengetheirlifestyle[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle

BenjaminFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay 。

imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms[D]easeconflictsbetweenracesandclasses

TheresearchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto 。

lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities[B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees[C]seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers

Theauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis 。

certain[B]positive[C]trivial

[D]destructivePartBDirections:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)

“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomthe

HistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot。

Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.

Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration。

FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.Thiswasthebiographical

traditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders。

Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores."Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,"wroteSmiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself"HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwright

andJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife。

ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfigures

representedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals。

CommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat。”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryof

themassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,

buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast。”

Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflost

societies.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs。

[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes。

41.Petrarch

[B]highlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists。

42.NiccoloMachiavellli

[C]focusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate。

43.SamuelSmiles

[D] opened up new realms ofunderstandingthegreatmeninhistory。

44.ThomasCarlyle

[E]heldthathistoryshouldbethestory

ofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle。

45.MarxandEngels

[F]dismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders。

[G]depictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorers

SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedat

theprospectofthebestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesin

thedevelopedworld,ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates。

Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This"braindrain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries,Theyf