第07讲 构词法（练习）

第07讲构词法目录01模拟基础练【题型一】形容词后缀的考查【题型二】副词后缀的考查【题型三】名词后缀的考查【题型四】动词后缀的考查【题型五】前缀的考查02重难创新练03真题实战练用所给词的适当形式填空题型一形容词后缀的考查1.（23-24高三·福建漳州·阶段练习）Sofar,ShaolinKungfuhasbecomeawindowofChineseculturetotheworld,whichalsoturnsShaolinTempleintothemost(influence)“holyland”ofmartialartsintheworld.2.（23-24高三·重庆·期中）Thecity’staskcentersonthebeliefthatits(star)skieshavethepotentialtoinjectenergyintotheconventionaltourism.3.（24-25高三·吉林长春·期末）Bornin1587,XuXiakegrewupinarichfamily.Yetherejectedthe___（comfort)lifetotravelthelostworldofimperialChina.4.（23-24高三·广东·阶段练习）Today,theseyellowedpiecesofmailhavebecomea(nation)culturaltreasure.5.（2024·浙江·模拟预测）AsChinahasmorethan297millionpeople(age)60andover,accordingtothelateststatistics,thisdayhasgrowninpopularityovertheyears.6.（23-24高三·湖北·阶段练习）SoitgoesinChina,whereteais(day)necessity.7.（2024·山东·模拟预测）Nowadays,muttonhotpothasbecomeoneofthefavoritecuisinesoftheChinese,with(technology)developmentinmuttonproductionallowingforyear-roundsuppliesoffreshmeatacrossthecountry.8.（23-24高三·河南郑州·阶段练习）Whetherduetoitslonghistoryorthestrong(decorate)effect,silkflowerswerecommonaccessoriesoftheancientwomen.9.（2024·山东·模拟预测）Thetraytableis(adjust),sothatpassengersseatedatdifferentheightsareabletouseit.10.（福建省厦门第二中学2023-2024学年高三试题）OntheeastbankofChaohu,China’sfifth-largestfreshwaterlake,restsa(mystery)ancient“kingdom”ofjadecalledLingjiatan.题型二副词后缀的考查1.（2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测）Movingforward,we’llgrasptheopportunitiestoremainattheforefrontofBRI’sjointconstructionandprovidemoretop-levelgreenenergy(global).”（2024·浙江·二模）Itisbelievedthatbyarrangingthings(appropriate),onecanharonizetheenergiesofthenaturalworld.3.（2024·辽宁六校联考）Apartfromthis,existingexamplesofancientChinesearchitecturearealso(wide)praisedforitselegantoutlinesandvariousfeatures,suchasoverhangingeaves(屋檐),upturnedroofcorners,anddifferentshapesofroofs.4.（2023高三·河北秦皇岛·阶段练习）“Onewhoholdsofficeshouldpooltheideasandwisdomofthepeopleand_________(extensive)drawonallwell-intendedandusefulviews,”wroteZhugeLianginhisarticle,“InstructionstoSubjectsandOfficials.”5.（23-24·山东·阶段练习）Theboatcomesout(magnificent),anditsshapeandfeaturesaredistinctiveofthenorthofFujianprovince.6.（2024·江西九江·二模）In2005,thepatternwas(successful)selectedasthesymbolofChina’sculturalheritagetoshowcasetheancientChinesepeople’swisdomandaspirations.7.（2024·山东·模拟预测）Itwasalso(extraordinary)popularamongmanyroyalfamiliesoftheQingDynasty.8.（23-24高三·河南郑州·阶段练习）Silkflowersaretheflowers(typical)madewithsilk,satinandotherhigh-gradefabrics.9.(2024·湖南高三模拟)(basic),medicalincensecankillbacteriaintheenvironment,protectingpeopleagainstinfections.(2024·云南师大附中高三模拟)Saint-Exupérywroteanddrewon(extreme)thinpaper,whichmadethetaskoftransportingthepagesofthemanuscriptevenmorechallenging.题型三名词后缀的考查1.（2024·浙江嘉兴·模拟预测）UnlikeQingzhi,WanYue,amotheroftwo,becameahanfu(enthusiasm)forthesenseofcommunity.2.（23-24高三·安徽·阶段练习）Ithasalsofacilitatedthe(adopt)ofcleanenergyinAfrica,helpingitavoidthepollutionassociatedwithWesternindustrialization.3.（2024·湖北十堰·模拟预测）Haveyoueverexperiencedoneoftheearliestmovies?Itboastsstar-studdedensembles(乐团),undergoesrapidtransformationsintheblinkofaneye,andevenincludesspecialeffects,musicand(perform),allwithouttheaidofmachinesorcomputers.4.（2024·湖南·一模）Startyour(explore)fromSichuanCuisineMuseum,enjoydifferentaspectsofSichuancuisine,satisfyyourcuriosityandtastebudsandexperienceallfunfor“PlayingwithChuancais”.5.（23-24·湖北·沙市中学模拟）NowasHangzhouhasgrabbedtheworld'sattention,touristsfromvariousplaceshavegatheredtothisheavenlycitytoenjoyitsslowlifetempoandbeautifulnatural__(surround).（23-24·湖南长沙·雅礼中学模拟）InsomepartsofChina,thisceremonyisexperiencinga____(revive).7.（24-25高三·吉林长春·期末）“Onthesurface,Xu'stravelcanneitherbeclassifiedasgreataffairsofstatenorgreatundertakingsthatchangedthecourseofhistory.”writestheculturalhistorianZhengPeikai.“Xutraveledtosatisfyhisown______(curious)—hetraveledforthesakeoftraveling.”8.（23-24·山东·阶段练习）DuringtheearlyhoursoftheLanternFestival,about60to70villagersgathertoburnthemidnightoilatthelocalancestralhalltofinishthemakingofthegiantboat,whichisabout6to8meterslongand3to4metersin(high),inonego.9.（23-24高三·广东珠海·阶段练习）It’sbelievedthatrecognizingtheculturalvalueofthecustommattersinthe____(promote)ofChinesetraditions.10.（23-24高三·山东威海·阶段练习）Itisjustoneexampleofancientworksofartthatnotonlytellsthe(wise)ofourancestors,butalsoisawitnesstothepursuitofbeautybyChinesecraftsmenthroughoutcenturies.题型四动词后缀的考查1．Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurface,doexercisesto(strength)yourlegmuscles.2．Knowingsometipswillhelp(sure)thatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.3．Forabeginnerofsports,itishighlyrecommendablethatthetimefortraining(length)littlebylittle.4．Thelocalelephantpopulation(threat)bypoachinguntilstricterlawenforcementwasimplemented.5．Fieldsofflowers,tile-roofedvillagesandtastymeals(rich)thiswonderfulexperience.题型五前缀的考查1.（2024·湖北十堰·模拟预测）Thechallengeofmasteringthismillennia-oldtechniquewithinsuchashorttimeinitiallyseemedlikemission(possible).2．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）Ishallneverforgetwatchingthesunriseoverthesea-itwas(forget)!3．Manystars,whichareoutofthesolarsystem,are(visible)withoutatelescope.4．Ifoneislateforajobinterview,itis(likely)thathewillgetthejob.5．Heisagoodteacherwhoneverexpressestheleast(patience)withslowlearners.6．Itis(legal)toemploysomeoneundertheageofsixteen.题型一阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（运用构词法理解文中加黑字）TheUSInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers(IEEE)recentlyaskedscientists,lawyers,socialscientistsandotherexpertstoconsidersomeoftheseethicaldimension.Togivetwoexamples:onprivacy,asweletmorelisteningdevicesintoourhomes,howdowepreventthedatatheycollectfallingintothewronghandsthroughhacking(黑客)orsimplybeingsoldbetweencompanieswithoutusreceivinganymoney?Anotherexample:mixedreality,includingvirtualreality,willbecomepervasiveinthenextfewyears.AswemovefromheadsetstowhattheIEEEcommitteedescribesas“moredelicatesensoryenhancements”wewillusetechnologytoliveinanillusoryworldinmanyaspectsofourlives.Howdowebalancetherightsoftheindividual,controloverourvirtualidentity,andtheneedtoliveandinteractonaface-to-facebasiswhilebeingempoweredtoliverichlivesinmixedreality?Thereis,ofcourse,alwaysatensionbetweeninnovationandregulation.Butitcanoftenseemthatgiantstepsaretakenintechnologywithminimalpublicdiscussion.Taketheself-drivingcar:althoughitmaybesaferthanhumandriversandislikelytosavemorethanamillionlivesayearworldwide,itwillalsotakejobsfromdrivers,trafficpolice,sign-makers,car-repaircompanies,carmakersandmore.Isthisabargainwewanttomake?Intakingthatdecision,havewegiventhoughttoacarthatknowseverywherewego,decidesroutes,perhaps,basedonpaidadvertisementfromshopsalongtheway—andlistensandseeseverythingwedoonboard?Whatwillhappentothatdataandcanitbekeptsafe?Additionally,whilesomeworryabouttheuncommon“trolleyproblem”ofwhomthecarshouldchoosetohitinastrangeaccident—anoldladyoramotherandbaby—perhapsthemorefrequentissuewillbehowwefindoutwhatthealgorithm(运算程序)wasthinkingatthetimeofanaccident,becauseAIs(ArtificialIntelligence)areself-learninganddevisetheirownstrategies.

Similarconcernsareemergingovertheinternetofthings.Robotvacuum-cleanersalreadyplotcleaningcyclesusingcomputer-aidedvisionthat,forsomemodels,isrelayedtotheirmanufacturers.Asmorethingsathomebecomeconnected,theywillbehackableandthedatatheycollectsaleable.It’stimeforsomemessy,democraticdiscussionsaboutthefutureofAI.1．Twoexamplesinparagraph1areusedto________.A．shedsomelightonhackinginourmodernlifeB．leadthereadertothinkofethicalissuesbroughtbyhi-techC．leadinthefollowingexampleconcerningtheself-drivingcarD．listtheexistingproblemsthatcaughttheattentionofexperts2．Theword“pervasive”inparagraph1probablymeans“________”.A．intelligent B．powerful C．widespread D．skillful3．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A．innovationshouldbeaccompaniedbyguidelinestorelievetensionB．moregiantinnovativestepswillleadtofewerpublicdiscussionC．disadvantagesoftheself-drivingcarwilloutweighitsadvantagesD．artificialintelligencefailstohaveapromisingandbrightfuture4．Inthepassage,theauthorintendsto________.A．exposesomeunderlyingproblemsinhigh-technologyB．callonprofessionalstoenforcelawandorderC．illustrateAI’sabilitiesinself-devisingandself-learningstrategiesD．displayourinter-connectedcomputer-aidedlifeinfuture题型二语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（23-24高三·山东济南·开学考试）Silk,akindoflight,delicateandsoftfabric,haspusheditswaythroughoutChina’shistory.Onecannotbecertainofitsorigin,buttheancientChinesepeoplecreditedtheirownwisdom5Leizu,thewifeoftheYellowEmperor,asthe6(invent)ofsericulture(养蚕业).Amongthevariousstylesandmaterialsofsilk,NanjingYunjinisafancyfabricoften7(use)forroyalcostumes,representingChina’shighestlevelofsilkknitting(编织)technique.Yunjinisbestmadebyhandinacomplexprocedure,8consistsofmorethanahundredsteps.Eventhemostskilledcraftsmencanonlyknitafewcentimetersaday.Time,patience9skillfulnessallplaycriticalrolesinitsrarebeauty.IntheWesternHanDynasty,explorerZhangQian10(open)uptheroutestothewesternregions.Silk,11(play)acriticalroleintheancientroutes,beautifiedcountriesinCentralAsiaandthenotherpartsofEurasiaandbeyond.InthehandsofChineseartists,the12(thin)threadscanknitenormouspossibilities,andthesoftestmaterialcanpassthroughthousandsofyears.Asoneofthemany13(wonder)ofancientChina,silkisnotmerelyatypeoffabric.Itisaculturalsymbolaswellas14expressionofelegance.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。1.（2024年1月浙江卷阅读理解C篇）OnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm(花暴)inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary’ssouthernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.Butfarmersineast-centralAlberta—downwindofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissueforyears“Basically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurancecompaniesprotecttheCalgary-Edmontonurbanareafromhail,”Mr.Stienwandsays,“butthey’reincreasingdroughtriskasfareastasSaskatchewan.”TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwhoworksforWeatherModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota.“Weaffectonlyaverysmallpercentageofthetotalmoistureintheair,sowecannotbecousingdrought.”Dr.Krausssays.“Infact,wemaybehelpingincreasethemoisturedownwindbycreatingwetterground.”OnedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma.“In1999,Ipersonallysawsignificanttornadoes(龙卷风)formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,”Dr.Doswellsays.“Doescloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.”Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,“itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.”Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.8.Whatdoestheprojectaimtodo?A.Conservemoistureinthesoil. B.Preventtheformationofhailstones.C.Forecastdisastroushailstorms. D.Investigatechemicaluseinfarming.9.Whoareopposedtotheproject?A.Farmersineast-centralAlberta. B.Managersofinsurancecompanies.C.Provincialgovernmentofficials. D.ResidentsofCalgaryandEdmonton10.WhydoesDr.Doswellmentionthetornadoeshesawin1999?A.Tocomparedifferentkindsofseedingmethods.B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofbighailstorms.C.Toindicateapossibledangerofcloudseeding.D.Toshowthelinkbetweenstormsandmoisture.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ScientificstudieshaveprovedStienwandright.B.PrivateclimateengineeringisillegalinCanada.C.Thedoubtaboutcloudseedinghasdisappeared.D.Cloud-seedingcompanieswillcontinuetoexist.2.（2023年新高考II卷阅读理解D篇）Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteri