2025届新高考英语热点冲刺复习主旨大意阅读题

2025届新高考英语热点冲刺复习

主旨大意阅读题CONTENTS主要内容型01写作目的型文章标题型03习题练习040201主要内容型Whatis主旨大意题？主旨大意题主要考察的是对文章核心内容的理解和把握能力。‌这种题型通常出现在阅读理解中，要求考生能够准确概括文章的中心思想或主旨，理解文章的主要内容和意图。具体来说，主旨大意题可能以选择文章最佳标题、概括文章中心大意、文章段落大意等形式出现。这类题型要求考生能够快速识别文章的主题，理解文章的主要论点，并能够从文章中提取关键信息来回答问题。提问方式：1.段落大意类(1)Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?(2)Themainideaofthefirstparagraphprobablyis_____.(3)WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeParagraphone?2.文章大意类(1)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?(2)Themainideaofthepassageis___________.提问方式：3.标题概括类(1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_____________.(2)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?(3)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?主要内容型：特点：选项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。解题策略与技巧：画出段落主题句或关键词，结合选项，选出正确答案。如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（1）Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.主题句在文首：开头主题+论证性细节。文体：应用文书信说明文科技文献新闻报道如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（2）Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.主题句在文中：例子/问题（铺垫）—主题提出—进一步解释说明文体：说明文科技文献研究报告提示词归纳：转折关系的词----后：but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,actually,

indeed,...总结性，结论性的词----后：in

brief，inshort,

afterall,all

in

all,tosumup,in

conclusion,

inaword,so,therefore表研究成果的词----内容:show,indicate,suggest,accordingto...举例子的词----前:forexample,forinstance,take...asanexample,...如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（3）Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.主题句在文末：事实依据—层层推理—得出结论（主题）文体：广告类哲理性故事总结：如何寻找主题句：常考三种结构：（1）总——分：主题句在段首（2）分——总：主题句在段尾（3）分——总——分：主题句在中间如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（4）Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller，cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?主题句在首尾：主题—进一步引申—主题（5）Everyone

can

experience

anger

sometimes.

But

not

everyone

can

control

itproperly.

To

some

people,

controlling

anger

seems

like

the

hardest

thing

in

the

world

to

do.

Control

these

bytalking

to

yourself

in

your

own

mind,

when

you

experience

unwanted

feeling.

By

talking

it

over

in

your

ownhead

you

can

work

out

how

you

will

best

deal

with

the

situation.Anger

control

can

also

be

achieved

bycommunicatingwithotherswith

honesty.You

can

effectively

train

yourself

to

respond

to

situations

without

getting

annoyed

about

things.

It

is

important

to

rememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangry

and

therefore,controllingitistherealchallenge.高频词：围绕某个主题展开的---反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词反复强调的是重点，重点是考点文体：议论文技巧：（1）段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，转折词后的句子很可能是主题句。（2）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。（3）作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。（4）表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词语。33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.（一）主要内容型普及，流行，受欢迎，知名度，声望（一）主要内容型MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.（一）主要内容型MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.Tips:关注一些表转折关系的连词:but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,

indeed等，这些词后面通常连接着关键讯息。

（一）主要内容型MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.Tips:关注一些表转折关系的连词:but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,

indeed等，这些词后面通常连接着关键讯息。

02写作目的型写作目的型：

选项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到某句话、某段话或者某篇文章主要的写作目的。解题方法：‌快速浏览文章首尾段和各段落的首尾句‌，找到主题句，抓出文章的主旨，然后通过主旨来推断作者的写作目的。通常议论文、新闻报道、说明文等主题句多在开头，可以快速推断出作者的写作目的‌。‌分析文章的文体‌，不同文体的写作目的不同。例如，议论文的目的是说服读者接受或赞同作者的某一观点，说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识或提出建议‌。‌注意文章中的转折词‌，如however,but,yet等，这些词往往标志着作者观点的转变或对比。PacificScienceCenterGuide◆VisitPacificScienceCenter'sStoreDon'tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter'sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.◆Hungry?Ourexhibitswillfeedyourmindbutwhataboutyourbody?Ourcaféoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.ThecaféislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses.◆RentalInformationLockersareavailable...

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purposeofthelastpartofthetext? A.Toencouragedonations. B.Toadvertisecomingevents. C.Tointroducespecialexhibits. D.TotellabouttheCenter'shistory.03文章标题型三、小标题文章标题题主要考查对文章主题思想的把握能力和对抽象概括性语言的理解能力。文章的标题高度概括文章的内容,点明文章主题,且短小精悍，言简意赅。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是简短的句子,甚至可以是疑问词加不定式结构或名词加同位语结构。常见设问方式：Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?做题小技巧：1.标题特征：_概括_性，_准确_性，_趣味_性2.概括文章大意的_名_词（词组），包含于标题。3.若有_主题_句，标题是_主题_句的浓缩。4.找标题关注：_首_段，_尾_段5.干扰项特点：_扩大范围，以偏概全，无中生有，曲解文意简而言之：1.正面肯定法：画出主题句，找出高频关键词。2.反面否定法：设想四个选项对应的文章内容，然后和原文对照，排除不符合选项。Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.（三）标题概括类

Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastC.BetheBest—YouCanMakeItB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressivenessTips:关注表总结，结论的词:in

brief/short,therefore,thus,in

conclusion,

inaword等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.（三）标题概括类

Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastC.BetheBest—YouCanMakeItB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness总结正确选项特征：1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。2.确定范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小3.精确性强干扰选项特征：过于笼统不知所云概括范围过大，超出文章所述内容以偏概全主次不分只阐述了文章一部分内容，以部分细节充当全文主要内容移花接木偷换概念包含文章关键词，但是所述内容与文章并不相符无中生有生搬硬套选项内容与文章内容毫无联系04习题练习Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere’sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia(痴呆症)inlaterlife—andiftheydid，itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.LeadresearcherDrHelenaHörder，oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden，said：“Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit’spossiblethatimprovingpeople’scardiovascular(心血管的)fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia.”Forthestudy，191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheyweretiredouttomeasuretheirpeak(最大值的)cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevelwithacapacityof120wattsorhigher，while92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscategory.Atotalof59wereoflowfitnesslevel，withapeakworkloadof80wattsorless，orhavingtheirtestsstoppedbecauseofhealthproblems.Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime，44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia，comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness.“However，thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascularfitnessanddementia，itonlyshowsanassociation，”saidHörder.“Moreresearchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectontheriskofdementiaandalsotolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant.”Shealsoadmittedthatarelativelysmallnumberofwomenwerestudied，allofwhomwerefromSweden，sotheresultsmightnotbeapplicabletoothergroups.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MoreWomenAreExercisingtoPreventDementiaB.Middle-AgedWomenNeedtoDoMoreExerciseC.FitWomenAreLessLikelytoDevelopDementiaD.BikingImprovesWomen’sCardiovascularFitness√AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica，shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle，lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-