2025届新高考英语热点冲刺复习段落发展阅读题

2025届新高考英语热点冲刺复习

段落发展阅读题CONTENTS命题方式01全部题型技巧复习习题练习020301段落发展题Whatis段落发展题？段落发展题是英语阅读理解中的一种常见题型，主要考查考生对文章篇章结构的理解能力。‌这种题型要求考生分析文章的段落组织结构，理解段落之间的逻辑关系，以及作者如何通过段落安排来表达文章的主旨和论点。提问方式:Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthenewstudy?Howdidresearcherscollectevidenceforthestudy?Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?ThisadvertisementismademorebelievablebyTheauthorsupportshisviewby0Howdidthetwoprofessorsreachtheconclusionoftheirstudy?Inwhichwaydidresearchersdrawaconclusion?必备词汇:byanalyzingdifferentcategories分析不同的类别analyzingthereasons分析原因classifying分类comparingdata比较数据comparingthestatistics比较统计数据conductingexperiments进行实验解题时，考生需要：‌把握文章的总体结构‌：注意文章的开头和结尾，通常这些部分包含文章的主旨。‌识别段落的主题句‌：每个段落通常有一个主题句，后面跟着的是对主题句的展开或例证。‌分析段落之间的关系‌：注意段落之间的过渡词语，这些词语帮助理解段落的衔接和逻辑关系。不同体裁的文章有不同的结构特点：‌议论文‌：通常遵循提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的结构。‌记叙文‌：按照故事的发生、发展和结局来组织。‌说明文‌：突出说明事物的特点，按照一定的逻辑顺序展开。解题方法：观察定位段是否出现了提示词。①bygivingexamples通过举例。标志词:forexample，forinstance②byanalyzingcauses通过分析原因。标志词:asaresult/consequence!ens③bygivingdefinition通过下定义。标志词:thatistosay④bylistingdatastatistics/figures通过列数字。标志词:具体数字⑤bydescribingaprocess通过描述过程。标志词:first，second，third，finally⑥byfollowingtimeorder遵作时间顺序。标志词:in1920，inthe1940s，nowadays⑦bymakingcomparison/contrast通过对比。标志词:but,while,⑧bymakingclassifications过分类。标志词:first.next.then⑨byanalyzingcauseandeffect通过分析因果。标志词:Thatisbecause....⑩byfollowingspaceorder遵循空间顺序。标志词:由近及远，由外到内Armstrongshowedagreattalent(天赋)formusicwhenhewastaughttoplaythecornet(短号)ataboy’shome.Inhislateteens,Armstrongbegantolivethelifeofamusician.Heplayedinparades(游行，阅兵),clubs,andonthesteamboatsthattraveledontheMississippiRiver.Atthattime,NewOrleanswasfamousforthenewmusicofjazzandwashometomanygreatmusicians.Armstronglearnedfromtheoldermusiciansandsoonbecamerespectedastheirequal.

Thethirdparagraphisdeveloped________.A.byspaceB.byexamplesC.bytimeD.bycomparisonCAlsoofnote:thepercentageofcatswith“secure”attachmentstylesisactuallyhigherthandogs“,only58%ofdogsshowedthe”secure“attachment,while42%werecategorizedasinsecure.

Thelastparagraphisdeveloped_______________.A.bygivingexamples B.bycomparingdata C.bygivingtimeorder D.byfollowingthelogicBAtthesametime,computerswillsurelybecomeacentralpartoftheschoolinthefuture.AccordingtoTheAge,thedistantlearningwillbepopularandstudentswilllistentoteachersoncomputers.Goingintoclassroomsontheircomputers,studentswillstudyatanytime,whichisveryeasyforthem.

Thethirdparagraphisdeveloped________.A.bygivingexamplesB.byusingpersuasivedataC.bygivingresearchresultD.bycomparingdataC02习题练习Prairiedog（草原犬鼠）tunnels（洞穴通道）usuallyhaveseveralchambers.Thesechambersarelikeroomsinahouse.Femaleprairiedogsusethemwhentheygivebirthandwhentheyraisetheirbabies.Theotherchambersareusedbythefamilyforsleeping.Tomakethemcomfortable，prairiedogsinsulate（使······隔离）thechambersbyliningthewallswithgrass.Thetunnelsarealsousedforshelterwhenprairiedogsarethreatenedbyotheranimals.Forthisreasontheyaredesignedwithtwoormoreescapeholes.Howdoestheauthorexplainthefunctionofchambersintheparagraph?A.Bygivingthemeaningofchambers.B.Bydescribinghowchambersarebuilt.C.Byclassifyingthecontentsofchambers.D.Bycomparingchamberstohumanrooms.DScientistsstudied34years'worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenose

dolphins.Whenthemotherdolphinswereneartheiryoung,theycontinuedtomaketheirsignature

sound,butatahigherfrequency.Theyalsousedawiderrangeoffrequenciesthantheydidwhen

theirbabieswerenotnearby.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudyofdolphins?A.Byanalyzingmotherdolphins'soundfeatures.B.Byrecordingparent-childinteractionfrequency.C.Bymeasuringthedistancebetweenparentandchild.D.Byexaminingthespeechorgansofmotherdolphins.APartoffindingthisseeminglytricky“sweetspot”hastodowithhowpeoplespendtheextra

timetheyhave,theresearchersbehindthenewstudyargue.Theyconductedseveralsmaller

onlineexperiments.Inonetheyaskedparticipantstoimaginehaving3.5to7freehoursperday.Theywereaskedtoimaginespendingthattimedoing“productive”things(likeexercising)orto

imaginedoing“unproductive”activities

(

likewatchingTV).Studyparticipantsbelievedtheir

well-beingwouldsufferif

they

hadalotoffree

time

duringtheday—butonlyif

they

usedit

unproductively.Thoughthatexperimentwashypothetical,whichisonelimitationofthenew

research,it’scertainlyinlinewithotherresearchshowingthatbeinginastateof“flow”canbe

goodforpeople’smental

health.29.

Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthenew

study?A.

Bydoinglarge-scaleonline

surveys.B.

Bygivinginterviewsandmentaltests.C.

Bycomparingrespondents’

backgrounds.D.

Byconductingexperimentsandanalyzingdata.DAdditionally,researcherssaythatastheairinLondonandParisbecamemorepolluted,thecitieswouldappearhaziertotheeyesaswellasinphotographs.BycomparingthepaintingsofTurnerandMonettopicturesfromtheera,theywereabletodeterminetheartistswereatleastpartlyinfluencedbythechangeinemissions.28.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A.Byreferringtorelevanthistoricalrecords.B.BycomparingthepaintingsofTurnerandMonet.C.Byrelatingthepaintingstotheairconditionsthen.D.ByanalyzingthedataduringtheIndustrialRevolution.CDoctorrecommended'TVEars!“MywifeandIhaveusedTVEarsalmostdailyforthepasttwoyearsandfindthemagreathelpinourenjoymentoftelevision.Asaretiredeardoctor.IheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.3.

Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby_______.A.

usingrecommendations

B.

offeringreasonsforthisinventionC.

providingstatistics

D.

showingtheresultsofexperimentsAThepropertyalsohasabusinesscenterwithcopyandfaxservices.Parkingisavailableforanadditionalfee.LessthantwomilesfromI-405,theEmbassySuitesiswithinahalf-mileofvariousrestaurantsandjustthreemilesfromJohnWayneAirport.OurguestssaytheEmbassySuites’location,“brilliant”breakfastand“friendly”staffmakeitoneoftheirfavoriteSantaAnaproperties.3．Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby________.A．providingtheexactaddress

B．usingguests’commentsC．analyzingitsprosandcons

D．interviewingtheguestsD03全部题型技巧复习高考英语阅读理解解题技巧复习主旨归纳题顾名思义，主旨归纳题主要考察同学们对文章内容以及段落大意的总体掌握。主旨归纳题目常见的形式有：1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?2.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?3.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?该题型的选项往往都能在文章中找到。而正确答案通常是概括性强及主题突出的句子。做这类题目容易以偏概全，所以同学们尤其要注意从文章结构中来找寻主旨句。主题句一般出现在文中三个位置：①段首句是主题句②but后是主题句③段尾句是主题句（文章首段）例如：ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.(主题句)ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.(主题句)Unlikefast-foodplaces.finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.Toooftenitisviewedasmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority(优先).Thisviewisshortsighted.(主题句)从以上例子来看，这三个位置是我们在做主旨归纳题时首要关注的地方。在找到主题句之后，就能更好地归纳文章以及段落的主旨大意，拿到分数也就不在话下了。词义推断题词义推断题尤其考察同学们对于句子的理解。题型设计对某个单词或者词组释义的猜测，对文中的多义词的含义进行确定，或者是判断某个代词的指示对象。常见的题型为：1.Theunderlinedword/phraseinthefirstparagraphmeans?2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencerefersto_____?3.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheword“crept”具体的解题思路如下：①根据同义词和反义词猜词这个方法尤其适用于and或者or连接的词组，例如happinessandsorrow，我们不认识sorrow这个词，但是根据happiness可以猜测，这个词的意思是“悲伤”。②根据句意猜词通过句意猜词，需要同学们把握语境，知道整个句子在表达什么。例如：Asshegotclose,shesawthethief,shejumpedoutofthebed,openedthedoorandcrepttowardsadarkshadow.。题干要求找出crept的同义词，选项为movedslowly,rushedout,threwaway,gotup.根据这句话的语境，当主人公发现小偷的时候，她应该是“悄无声息，慢慢地”靠近小偷，因此同义的词组是movedslowly。以意群为单位，成组视读分清意群，停顿娴熟，不仅是朗诵的关键，更是阅读的基本素质。英语阅读是以意群为单位，而非以单词或词组为单位。成组视读是说用眼睛扫视，不是一个词一个词的去默看，而是向探照灯一样根据意群，一组组的进行扫视，句子是看做一个整体结构的，被收纳的是信息，而不是单个的词汇。首尾在心，紧扣中心任何一个作者都会有自己的写作意图，任何一篇文章也都会有自己的中心主旨，为了考察考生对文章的理解程度和阅读水平，出题者必然会以各种方式对作者的写作意图与文章的主旨要义进行考察。一般来说，文章的主旨经常会被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入点，因此同学们应格外注意。学会跳读，心中有图阅读理解要做到心中既有森林，又有树木，既要纵览全文，又要主次有别。跳读即可用来通读全文，了解大意，又可用来搜寻细节，锁定被考察信息——如此既把握了整体，又不会忽视细节。在跳读时一定不要借用母语翻译，比如大家可以通过情景想象、提纲列表、重点连线、简图示意等手段来梳理文章脉络，让文章的框架更加直观化、形象化、具体化。请善于猜测词义各类考试都允许出现3%的超纲词汇，这些词汇往往文中都会给出暗示，考生可以根据上下文来推断他们的意思。比如有些其后则会紧跟其同位语，直接对其进行解释说明;有的词汇(多数为名词)只需判定它是某类事物即可，比如人名、地名、某类动、植物等等，而无须弄明白其具体意思;有些生词实在没有线索也不必太在意，因为1、2个词不认识根本不会对文章理解带来障碍，如果大家因为不认识生词慌了阵脚，才会得不偿失影响自己的发挥。当然，英语语言相当丰富，同一意思会有多种不同表达，以避免语言表述上的单调重复。考试中常见的题型“同意改写”就是考察学生的这一能力的。巧用阅读中的各种符号逗号用于分割并列成分，两个逗号之间，或者一个逗号之后，如果是补充说明成分，就可以跳过不看节省