专题09非谓语动词-2023年中考总复习真题探究与变式训练（原卷版）

专题09非谓语动词命题方向重要指数考向一动词不定式（必考点）考向二动名词（常考点）考向一动词不定式例1（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）（动词不定式作目的状语）GoodnewsesthatChinahassentShenzhouXIVtospace________theunknownworld.A．explore B．explored C．exploring D．toexplore例2（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）（动词不定式作宾补）Thehighschoolinvitedafamousscientist_______atalkonWorldEarthDay.A．giving B．togive C．give D．given例3（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）（不定式的常见句型tooadj/adv+todosth）Kitty,thesebooksare________heavyforyou________carry.Letmehelpyou.A．as…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that例4（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）（疑问词+todo作宾语）Welearned________toworkasateambypletingthetask.A．what B．which C．how D．who例5（2021·江苏南通·中考真题）（不定式的常见句型adj.enoughtodo）Themunityworkerispatientenough________totheoldhowtouseHealthCode(码).A．explain B．explains C．toexplain D．explaining动词不定式在中考语法项目中，主要考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时to省略，直接由动词原形构成。否定式由“notto+动词原形”构成。如：Wedecidedtogoonhikingthoughweweretired.虽然我们很累，但是我们决定继续远足。Thegirltriednottowakeuphermother.这女孩尽量不吵醒她妈妈。1.动词不定式作宾语（1）接不定式作宾语的动词（“动词+todo”结构）常见的有：learn学会plan计划decide决定try尽力choose选择agree同意refuse拒绝pretend假装offer主动wouldlike/want想要expect期望hope/wish希望promise承诺afford负担得起prefer喜欢help帮助(helptodo/helpdo)like喜欢(liketodo/doing)continue继续(continuetodo/doing)begin/start开始(begin/starttodo/doing)如：Iwouldliketohaveasandwich.我想要吃一个三明治。（2）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。如：Wefounditdifficulttounderstandwhatyousaid.我们发现很难理解你所说的话。（3）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+todo”结构），常见的有：show表明、指示；know知道；tell告诉；teach教；learn学习；decide决定。如：Larrydidn’tknowhowtotellherthebadnews.拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。2.动词不定式作宾语补足语（1）接不定式作宾语补足语的动词（动词+sb.+todo结构，否定式“动词+sb.+nottodo”）常见的有：tell告诉ask请order命令warn警告teach教want想要require要求wish希望expect期望encourage鼓励allow允许invite邀请advise建议force强迫如：Doyouwantmetofindoutthephonenumber?你想要我找出那个号码吗？（2）有些及物动词，接不定式作宾语补足语时（动词+sb.+do），要省略to。这类及物动词常见的有：let让make使have使see看见watch注视hear听到notice注意到feel感觉起来被动语态中要还原to，如makesb.do被动语态变为sb.bemadetodo。如：Isawhimreadinthelibraryyesterday.我昨天看到他在图书馆阅读3.动词不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语，可放在句首或句末。to表示目的、为了。如：Tolearnmathwell,youmustdomoreexercises.为了学好数学，你必须多做练习。Wecameheretoaskyouforhelp.我们来这是为了向你寻求帮助。4.不定式的常见句型【变式1】（2022·江苏·扬州市江都区第三中学二模）Manyscientistsstayinthewetlands________thebirds’changesinnumbers.A．paring B．topare C．pared D．pare【变式2】（2022·江苏·盐城市盐都区实验初中一模）Themethodwethoughtof________theproblemprovedtobecorrect.A．tosolve B．solving C．solved D．solves【变式3】（2022·江苏·沛县教师发展中心模拟预测）—Whatshouldwedotoprotectourenvironment?—Weshoulddosomething________theairandwater________beingpolluted.A．protect;from B．toprotect;from C．keep;from D．tokeep;for【变式4】（2022·江苏南通·模拟预测）________ourselvessafefromdanger,weshouldwearhelmetswhenridingelectronicbikes.A．Keep B．Tokeep C．Keeping D．Kept【变式5】（2022·江苏泰州·二模）BecauseofthewidespreadofthevirusOmicron,thegovernmentencouragespeople________indoorsinsteadofgoingtoanyplace________withcrowdsofpeopleduringholidays.A．staying;filling B．tostay;tofillC．staying;filled D．tostay;filled【变式6】（2022·江苏盐城·二模）InordertoprotecttheEarth,wehavenochoicebut________againstallkindsofpollution.A．fighting B．tofight C．fight D．fought【变式7】（2022·江苏连云港·二模）Withsomuchwork,LiMingmanaged________abalancebetweenhisstudyandhobby.A．achieve B．achieving C．toachieve D．toachieving【变式8】（2022·江苏·苏州市平江中学校一模）________moreabouttheDIYcourseatweekends,visitthewebsite.A．Know B．Knew C．Knowing D．Toknow【变式9】（2022·江苏南京·二模）Inordertomakeanarticleorganized,thefirststepis________achart.A．make B．made C．tomake D．tobemade【变式10】（2022·江苏·二模）Wefoundhim________with.He’squiteaneasygoingguy.A．easilytowork B．easilyworking C．easytowork D．easyworking【变式11】（2022·江苏宿迁·一模）GuAilingtriestodoeverythingshecan________thegoldmedalforChina.A．winning B．towin C．win D．won【变式12】（2022·江苏·连云港市新海实验中学二模）—Whydoesn’tthesurgeonstop________lunch?—Becauseheistoobusysavingadyingpatientintheoperationroom.A．having B．have C．tohave D．had【变式13】（2022·江苏南京·一模）MissLiadvisedthestudentswhoareweakinEnglish________aloudeverymorning.A．read B．reading C．toread D．reads【变式14】（2022·江苏南通·一模）—Look!TherobotcalledXiaobaiismovingaround________peopletowearmasks.—Wow,it’sreallytalking!A．remind B．reminds C．reminding D．toremind【变式15】（2022·江苏扬州·一模）—Thewaywethoughtof________themachineworkingisprovedtobeuseful.—Youarequiteclever.A．tokeep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps【变式16】（2021·江苏·苏州高新区实验初级中学三模）TheChinesegovernmentwarnspeople________toothercountriesifthereisnorealneed.A．don’ttravel B．nottravelling C．nottotravel D．nottravel【变式17】（2022·江苏苏州·模拟预测）—Whatshouldwepayattentionto________mistakesduringtheexams?—Somedetails.A．avoidingmaking B．avoidtomake C．toavoidmaking D．toavoidtomake【变式18】（2022·江苏扬州·二模）Theofficerrefused________themanenterthehallbecausehedidn’twearamask.A．let B．tolet C．lets D．letting【变式19】（2021·江苏徐州·二模）Becareful,Jack.It’sdangerous________thephonewhiledriving.A．answer B．toanswer C．answering D．answers【变式20】（2021·江苏宿迁·一模）________,itisnecessaryforus________asmuchtimeaspossiblepracticingspeakingEnglishafterclass.A．Instead;tospend B．Insteadof;spending C．Insteadof;tospend D．Instead;spending【变式21】（2021·江苏·南通市通州区育才中学二模）Boysandgirls,attention,please!Wearenotallowed________photoshere.A．taking B．totake C．take D．taken考向二动名词例1（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）（动名词作宾语）—Chinaisgettingbetterandbetteratmakinghightechnologyproducts.—That’sright.Peoplearoundtheworldcanhardlyavoid________theseproductsmadeinChina.A．tobuy B．nottobuy C．buying D．notbuying例2（2020·江苏镇江·中考真题）（含动名词的结构）AlotofmuseumsinChinaareworth___________.Ifyouhavetime,youcanchoosetogo.A．visited B．visiting C．tovisit D．visit动名词动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。其构成法与现在分词一样，有时态和语态的变化，其否定形式直接在动名词前加not即可。1.动名词的作用动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(1)作主语如：Readingisanart.读书是一种艺术。Playingbasketballisinteresting.打篮球很有趣(2)作表语动名词作表语时，句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或由what引导的名词性从句。作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。如：Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.→Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.你的任务就是擦窗户。WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.→BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(3)作宾语①作动词的宾语某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词(词组)有：advise,allow,permit,avoid,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,practice,giveup,suggest,keepon,can'thelp(情不自禁)等。如：Ihavealreadyfinishedreadingthisbook.我已经读完这本书了。②作介词的宾语介词后如果接动词作宾语，常要用动名词形式。如：thinkabout,worryabout,be/getusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto等。如：Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我们正考虑为下学期制订新的计划。We'relookingforwardtoreceivingyourletter.我们盼望收到你的来信。③作形容词的宾语如：Wearebusypreparingfortheingsportsmeeting.我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。(4)作定语动名词作定语时往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：awalkingstick拐杖awashingmachine洗衣机areadingroom阅览室2.含有动名词的结构Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.做某事是没有用的bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事spendtime/moneydoingsth.花时间/钱做某事havedifficulty/fun/problemsdoingsth.做某事有困难/乐趣【易错警示】三、既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词1.有的动词后面既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如：begin,start,hate,like,love等。2.有些动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大。如：forgettodosth.忘记要做某事(事还没做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(事已做)remembertodosth.记得要做某事(事还没做)rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(事已做)stoptodosth.停下来去做某事(去做另一件事)stopdoingsth.停止做某事(不做了)trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事goontodosth.继续去做某事(继续做不同的事)goondoingsth.继续不停地做某事(同一动作的继续)如：Don'tforgettoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.你离开前别忘记关窗户。HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport?你忘了在北京机场已经见过她了吗？【变式1】（2022·江苏·扬州中学教育集团树人学校三模）Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto________someschoolsforpoorchildren.A．setup B．settingup C．havesetup D．havingsetup【变式2】（2022·江苏·苏州市金阊实验中学校一模）Theproblemisalittlebitplicated(复杂的).Itneeds________again.A．discussed B．discussing C．discuss D．todiscuss【变式3】（2022·江苏镇江·模拟预测）Mybrotherisgoodat________.A．toswim B．swim C．swam D．swimming【变式4】（2022·江苏扬州·一模）—Jenny,doyouthinkthewildanimalswilldisappearfromtheEarthoneday?—Unlesshumans________thewildanimals.A．stoptohunt B．stophunting C．willstoptohunt D．willstophunting【变式5】（2022·江苏盐城·一模）—Whatgreatfunwehad________intheriverlastSunday!—Well.let’sgothereagainnextweekend.A．toswim B．inswiming C．swum D．swimming【变式6】（2022·江苏·苏州工业园区星汇学校一模）—Nowadaysstudentsareused________coursesonline.—True.Anewapp,TencentMeeting,isoftenused________lessons.A．totaking;togiving B．totake;togiveC．totaking;togive D．totake;togiving【变式7】（2022·江苏南京·一模）EncouragedbytheBeijingWinterOlympics,manyyoungpeoplebegantolearnandpractice________.A．skate B．skated C．skating D．toskate【变式8】（2022·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Timmylooksunhappy.Doyouknowwhy?—Iwasabitrudejustnow.Inowregret________thosebadwords.A．say B．said C．saying D．tosay【变式9】（2022·江苏·扬州市邗江区梅苑双语学校一模）—Whatmadehimsomanyenemies?—severalputersystems.A．Breakinto B．Breakin C．Breakinginto D．Breakingin【变式10】（2022·江苏南京·二模）__________theputerscreenfortoolongmaycausedamage________oureyes.A．Watches;on B．Watching;to C．Towatch;of D．Watching;for【变式11】（2022·江苏·连云港市新海实验中学二模）Idon’tmind________youwithyourEnglish.A．help B．helps C．helping D．tohelp【变式12】（2022·江苏·模拟预测）Thepoliceinsistedon________thesceneofthecrimetolookformorecluestothemurder.A．check B．checking C．checked D．tocheck【变式13】（2022·江苏·模拟预测）—Haveyouconsidered__________EnglishinanEnglishspeakingcountry?—Notyet.I’mnotencouraged__________abroadbecauseofCOVID19.A．learning;togo B．learning;going C．tolearn;togo D．tolearn;going【变式14】（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六十九中学校二模）Everytimeshewenttoseethatsadmovie,sheendedup________hereyesout.A．tocry B．crying C．cry【变式15】（2022·重庆开州·二模）AlthoughwebegantolearnEnglish3yearsago,westillhavetrouble________thenewwords.A．remember B．remembering C．toremember D．ofremembering【变式16】（2022·上海杨浦·二模）Withthehelpofhisfriends,hefinished________thefenceintwohours.A．paint B．painting C．topaint D．painted【变式17】（2022·湖南邵阳·三模）—Don’tmakeanynoise.Yourbrotherisbusy________forhisexam.—Okay,mom.Iwillbequietathome.A．toprepare B．preparing C．prepares【变式18】（2022·重庆巴蜀中学二模）Aswearerunningoutoftime,Isuggest________ataxitogothere.A．take B．took C．totake D．taking【变式19】（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）—HowcanIimprovemypronunciation,Madam?—Keepon________andyou’llmakeprogress.A．practice B．practicing C．topractice D．practiced【变式20】（2022·黑龙江鸡西·三模）Jimhasthemostbooksinourclass.Hespendsasmuchtimeashecan________.A．reads B．read C．reading【变式21】（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—Thisyear,thebiggestchangeinmylifeisfromthe“doublereductionpolicy”(双减政策).—Ithinkso.Ispendmyweekendsreadingbooks,listeningtomusicrather