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FightingWildfires
withLow-CarbonBuildings
MassTimberMadefromColoradoWildfireThinningsIsa
WinforLocalForests,Communities,andtheGlobalClimate
Report/September2024
AuthorsandAcknowledgments
Authors
SatyamMaharaj
AurimasBukauskas
Authorslistedalphabetically.AllauthorsfromRMIunlessotherwisenoted.
Contacts
VictorOlgyay,volgyag@
SatyamMaharaj,smaharaj@
AurimasBukauskas,abukauskas@
CopyrightsandCitation
SatyamMaharajandAurimasBukauskas,FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings,RMI,2024,https:///insight/fighting-fire-with-factories-mass-timber-made-from-colorado-wildfire-thinnings-is-a-win-for-local-forests-communities-and-the-global-climate/.
RMIvaluescollaborationandaimstoacceleratetheenergytransitionthroughsharingknowledgeandinsights.Wethereforeallowinterestedpartiestoreference,share,andciteourworkthroughthe
CreativeCommonsCCBY-SA4.0license.
/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
.
Coverimage:ThePlatteFifteenprojectinDenverdemonstratestheuseofglue-laminatedtimberand
cross-laminatedtimberinafive-storyofficebuilding.Thesearejusttwoexamplesofthemanyvalue-
addedproductsthatcouldbemadeusingundervaluedtreesharvestedinwildfiremitigationtreatmentsinColorado.Suchvalue-addedwoodproductscouldhelppayforforestmanagementtreatmentsneededin2.5millionacresofColorado’sforests.PhotocourtesyofThinkWood.
AllotherimagesusedarefromiSunlessotherwisenoted.
Acknowledgments
WewouldliketoexpressoursinceregratitudetotheGatesFamilyFoundation,MightyArrowFoundation,NationalForestFoundation,andtheUSForestServicefortheirgeneroussupport.Theircontributionshavebeeninstrumentalinoureffortstoefficientlyandaccuratelygathertherelevantinformationforthisreport.WealsoacknowledgeandappreciatethevaluablecollaborationoftheColoradoMassTimberCoalitionfortheirtirelessworkinadvancingthisinitiative.
Wewouldalsoliketospecificallythankthefollowingindividualsfortheirinvaluablefeedbackandcontributionstothiswork:AliciaBlake,EmilyDawson,AmandaWestFordham,TomFry,TomGougeon,KyleHanson,TheoHooker,WhitneyJohnson,AndrewKatz,GregKingsley,WillLepry,MattMcCombs,KevinNaranjo,MarisaRepka,MarcusSelig,AdamSmith,TimReader,SteveMarshall,KathrynFernholz,AshleyWoolman,KyleWeber.
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/2
hARMl
AboutRMI
RMIisanindependentnonprofit,foundedin1982asRockyMountainInstitute,thattransformsglobalenergysystemsthroughmarket-drivensolutionstoalignwitha1.5°Cfutureandsecureaclean,
prosperous,zero-carbonfutureforall.Weworkintheworld’smostcriticalgeographiesandengage
businesses,policymakers,communities,andNGOstoidentifyandscaleenergysysteminterventionsthatwillcutclimatepollutionatleast50percentby2030.RMIhasofficesinBasaltandBoulder,Colorado;NewYorkCity;Oakland,California;Washington,D.C.;Abuja,Nigeria;andBeijing.
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/3
Contents
ExecutiveSummary 5
ColoradoForests’ChallengingFuture 6
ManagingForests,ManagingFire 9
“EatingtheProblem”withWoodProducts 12
Jump-StartingColorado’sResilientLocalForestEconomies 15
CalltoAction 18
AdditionalInformation 19
Endnotes 20
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/4
ExecutiveSummary
ForestsarepartofwhatmakesColoradospecial.IndigenouspeoplesusedwildfiretomanageColorado’sforestsformillennia,andthesepracticesarestillrelevant.Todayclimatechange,forestoverstocking
causedbyacenturyoffiresuppression,andpopulationincreasesinthewildland-urbaninterfacemake“uncharacteristic”wildfiresincreasinglylikelyandtheirconsequencesmoresevere.1
Thescienceisclear:forestthinning—aforestrypracticethatinvolvestheselectiveremovaloftrees
toreducetreedensity—canimproveaforest’sresiliencetouncharacteristicwildfiresthathavebeen
exacerbatedbyclimatepollution.2ThinningalsoprotectsColorado’sdrinkingwatersupplies,conserves
wildlife,andhelpskeepforestsasforests.However,thinningisexpensive,andthesmall-diametertrees
(lessthan9inches)harvestedinthesetreatmentshavehistoricallyhadlittletonomarketvalue.Thismakesthinningprohibitivelyexpensive,potentiallycostingColoradotaxpayersbillionsinthecomingdecades.3
Forestthinning—aforestrypracticethatinvolvesthe
selectiveremovaloftreestoreducetreedensity—canimproveaforest’sresiliencetouncharacteristicwildfiresthathavebeenexacerbatedbyclimatepollution....
[It]protectsColorado’sdrinkingwatersupplies,
conserveswildlife,andhelpskeepforestsasforests.
Inrecentyears,however,newbuildingtechnologiessuchasmasstimber,aclassofhigh-performance
engineeredwoodbuildingproducts,haveshownpotentialforusingtreesharvestedfromthinnings.
Thiscouldeventuallyhelpoffsetthecostoftreatmentsbysendingrevenuebacktoforests.Because
masstimberhaslowerembodiedcarbonthansteelorconcrete,buildinginthiswaywouldalsoreduce
thecarbonpollutionassociatedwithconstruction—whichcontributes11%ofglobalgreenhousegas
emissions.4Localmasstimberproductioncanalsocreatenewhigh-qualityjobsforruralColoradansinthecommunitiestheyalreadycallhome.MasstimbermadefromColoradowildfirethinningsisawinforlocalforests,communities,andtheglobalclimate.
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/5
ColoradoForests’ChallengingFuture
Past,Present,andFutureofWildfiresinColorado
ForestsareakeypartofwhatmakesColoradospecial.Formillennia,wildfireshaveplayedanintegralroleinthestate’sforestecology,withIndigenouspeoplehistoricallypracticinglow-intensityburningasapartofmanagingthelandscape.5Thesefiresburnedsmall-diametertreesandbrushwhileleavinglargertreesaspartofthelandscape.In1910,aftertheBigBlowup,itheUSForestServiceadoptedmandatoryfire-
suppressionpolicies.6Thisshiftaimedtosafeguardtimberreservesandsettlementsfromwildfirethreats.However,theabsenceofregularfiresinfire-dependentforestsmeansthattodayColorado’sforestsare
overstockedwithexcessivesmall-diametertreesthatprovidefuelforwildfiresandelevatethelikelihoodofuncharacteristichigh-intensitywildfires.Record-breakingfiresinrecentyears,suchasthoseinthe2020fireseason,havedevastatedColoradocommunitiesandincurredsubstantialcosts.Climatechangeamplifieswildfirerisksandintensities,makingdevastatingfireseasonslike2020upto10timesmorelikely.7
RiskstoLifeandProperty
Humansettlementinthewildland-urbaninterface(WUI),overrecentdecadesinColorado,hasputmore
peopleatriskfromtheimpactsofwildfire.Nearly1millionpropertiesinColoradoarecurrentlyfacinganincreasedriskofwildfiredamageoverthenext30years.Human-causedclimatechangeamplifiesthisrisk,resultingina19%increaseinthenumberofhomes,businesses,schools,andpublicbuildingsatriskduringthisperiod.8TheWUIisaround4.5millionacres—andisexpectedtodoubleto9millionacresby2040.9
RiskstoWatersheds
In2015,80%ofColoradansreliedonforestedwatershedsfortheirdrinkingwater.10High-intensitywildfires
disruptwatershedhealth,affectingwaterqualityandsupply.Increasederosionandrunoffafterafirecanleadtosedimentbuildupinwaterwaysandreservoirs.Restoringreservoirsisaprotractedandcostlyendeavor.The1996BuffaloCreekfireandthe2002HaymanFireledtomorethan$27millionindamagestowatersources.11
ThreatstotheColoradoWayofLife
OutdoorrecreationiscentraltothelifestyleofColoradansaswellasthestate’stourismindustry.In2022,Colorado’stourismindustrygeneratedarecord$27.7billionintravelspending.12Thestatewelcomed90 millionvisitors,whichincluded38.4millionovernightvisitors.Thissubstantialtourismactivitysupported
iTheBigBlowupwasa3millionacreforestfireinwesternMontanaandnorthernIdahothatkilled85people,78ofwhomwerefirefighters.
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/6
morethan176,800jobsandcontributed$1.7billioninstateandlocaltaxrevenues.Uncharacteristic
wildfiresjeopardizethehealthandscenicbeautyofColorado’snaturallandscapes,adverselyaffectinglocalcommunitywell-beingandthevitalityofColorado’stourismsector.
RiskstoCleanAir
WildfiresareacriticalthreattoColorado’sairquality,primarilythroughthereleaseoffineparticulatematter(PM2.5)insmoke,whichcanaffectlungandhearthealthbypenetratingthelungsand
bloodstream.13Recentstudieshavedocumentedanincreaseindayswithsmoke,linkedtotheburningofdenserfuelsandtheemissionsofmoreharmfulparticulates.14Thisexposurehasbeenassociatedwithasurgeinhospitalvisitsforasthmaandrespiratorydiseases,aswellasanuptickinprematurebirths.
HiddenCostsofFire
TheeconomicburdenofwildfiresinColoradoissignificant,withtheGrizzlyCreekandEastTroublesomefiresin2020incurringcombinedcostsexceeding$600million,largelyduetoimpactsonrecreation,
watershedhealth,andsiterehabilitation.15Together,thesefiresburnedmorethan220,000acres.ThesefigureslikelygrosslyunderestimatethetruecostsofuncharacteristicwildfireinColorado.Furthermore,someofthebenefitsforestsprovidetoColoradans,suchasculturalvalue,areliterallypriceless—thereisnoknownreplacementatanycost.
Exhibit1WildfireburnareasintheUnitedStatesfrom1985to2023
Millionsofacresburned
10
8
6
4
2
19851990199520002005201020152020
RMIGraphic.Source:NationalInteragencyFireCenter
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/7
Exhibit2WildfiresuppressioncostsintheUnitedStates
from1985to2023
Responseexpenditures(inbillionsofdollars)
4
3
2
1
19851990199520002005201020152020
RMIGraphic.Source:NationalInteragencyFireCenter
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/8
ManagingForests,ManagingFire
ReducingFuelLoadswithPrescribedBurnsandThinning
Twotime-testedstrategiesexisttoreducewildfireriskinColorado’sforests:prescribedburnsandmechanicalthinning.Incombination,thetwostrategiesmitigatetheriskofhigh-intensitywildfirebyreducingfuelloadsinforests.Thinninginvolvesselectivelyremovingtrees,oftenonesthataresmall,weak,ordead,whichcan
contributetouncharacteristicwildfires.Thisprocesscanyieldmarketablesmall-diametertimberthat,despiteprocessingchallenges,canbeusedforproductslikewoodpellets,furniture,andconstructionmaterials.16
Prescribedburnsinvolvetheintentionaluseofcontrolledfiretoreducefuelloads,controlpestpopulations,andpromotethegrowthofcertainplantspecies.
Thinningoperationsarelabor-intensiveandrequiresubstantialinvestmentinequipmentandpersonnel.
Prescribedburnsaregenerallylessexpensiveperacre.Mechanicalthinningisoftenconductedbeforea
prescribedfiretolowerpotentialfireintensity.However,prescribedburnsareoftenconstrainedbyweather,airquality,andproximitytopopulatedareas.AspopulationscontinuetoincreaseintheWUIandclimate
changeshiftsweatherpatterns,mechanicalthinningmaybetheonlyfeasibletreatmentoptioninsomecases(seeExhibit3).
Exhibit3ForestconditionsbeforeEuropeancontact,currentlyin
Coloradoforests,andafteraprescribedthinningtreatment
›Fewertrees.
›Treesaremoremature.
›Periodicfiresusedto
managehabitat.›Lowerfuelloads.
BeforeEuropeanContact
›Manytrees.
›Treesaresmall-diameter.
›Neartotalfire-suppression
resultsinbuildupoffuelloads.
Current
›Fewertrees(50%–75%basalareareduction).
›Lowintensityfireusedtoreducefuelloads.
Thinned
RMIGraphic.Source:ColoradoPublicRadio
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/9
TheCalwoodFiresburndownthefoothillsofColorado’sFrontRangewithnearbyhomesunderthreat.ThelargestwildfireinBoulderCountyhistoryburned10,113acresinNovember2020rackingupanestimated$6Mincosts.17
ScienceofForestThinning
Asmallbutvocalminorityofscientistshaveclaimedthatthinningshavenetnegativeimpactsonwildlife
habitat.18Thisworkisoftencitedbylocalenvironmentalgroupsthatbelieveforestthinningsaresimplyarebrandofhistoricalexploitativeloggingpractices.However,amajorityofforestscientistshavereiteratedtheirconsensusthatthescienceisclear:thinningscombinedwithprescribedfirescanhelpreduce
uncharacteristicwildfires,preservewatersheds,conservewildlife,andhelpkeepforestsintact.19Inaddition,thinningsopentheforesttoenablethegrowthofgrasses,forbs,andshrubsthatarefavorabletowildlife.iiAlthoughthinningsinfire-proneforestsmayresultinnear-termemissionsiftheharvestedthinningsare
leftintheforestorburned,thispracticehelpsensurethattheseforestscancontinuetosequesterandstorecarboninthelongterm.20
WhatIfWeLetNatureTakeItsCourse?
Forestscientiststellusthatthe“precautionaryprinciple,”orcommonlyheldassumptioninecologicalmanagementthatdelayingactioncanreducehazards,isnotappropriateformanagingfire-dependentforestsintheAmericanWest.21Althoughtoacasualobservertheymayappear“wild,”Colorado’sforestshavebeenshapedbyhumansforthousandsofyears.Thegreatestchangeshaveoccurredoverthepast
iiForbsareherbaceousfloweringplantsthatarenotgrasses,sedges,orrushes.Examplesofforbsincludewildflowerslikedaisies,clovers,andsunflowers.
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/10
century,asfactorssuchasfiresuppression,climatechange,invasivepests,andconstructionintheWUIhaveputColorado’sforestsatsevererisk.Urgentactionisneededtohelpforestsadapttoahotterfuturethatisexpectedtohavemorefrequentwildfires.
Althoughtoacasualobservertheymay
appear‘wild,’Colorado’sforestshavebeenshapedbyhumansforthousandsofyears.
ManagingForestsforWildfireIsExpensive
The2020ColoradoForestActionPlanshowsthatmanagingforestsiscostly,requiringanestimated$4.2
billiontotreat10%(2.5millionacres)ofColorado’smostcriticalsub-watersheds.22TheUSDepartment
oftheInteriorhasrequested$1.94billionforwildfiremitigationandforestmanagementfor2025,with
theForestServiceplanningforesttreatmentsinhigh-priorityfireshedsinColorado.23However,unlikea
commercialtimberharvest,75%ofthetimberharvestedinawildfiremitigationthinningissosmallin
diameter(lessthan9inchesatbreastheight,whichis4.5feetabovetheground)thatithaslittlemarket
value.Thesesmaller,youngertreesmayhavereducedstrengthandstiffnesscomparedwitholdertrees.
Thismeansthatmuchofthetimberharvestedinthinningsisleftintheforestorburnedinpileson-site.Theresultisthatverylittleofthistreatmentcostcanbeoffsetbytimbersales.
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/11
“EatingtheProblem”withWoodProducts
NoMarkets=NoManagement;StrongMarkets=StrongManagement
Alackofrobustmarketsforwoodharvestedinforestmanagementresultsininsufficientmanagement,
leadingtoforeststhatareecologicallyunsustainableandatriskofuncharacteristicwildfireanddisease.
High-valuemarketsforthinningscouldhelppayforfuelreductiontreatmentswhilecreatinglocaleconomicvalue.Whensoldinshort-lived,low-valueapplications,suchasbiomassforfueloragriculturalbedding,
thinningsyield$30–$40perbonedryton.24Whensoldinvalue-addedapplicationssuchasmasstimber,thinningscouldfetchhighervalues,potentiallyoffsettingharvestingcosts.
“Timberisusedinstructuresinavarietyofforms,includingengineeredwoodproductscommonlyreferredtoas“masstimber.”
WhatIsMassTimber?
Masstimberisacatchalltermforaclassofhigh-performanceengineeredwoodbuildingproducts.Theseproductsjoinlumber,veneers,strands,orfibersintocompositestructuralelements,usingglue,nails,or
woodendowels.Thisapproachallowsmasstimberproductstousetreesofsmallerdiameterandabroaderrangeofspecies,strengths,andstiffnessesthanconventionalsawndimensionallumber.25Cross-laminatedtimber(CLT)combinessawnlumberintostructuralpanelsthatcanreplaceentirereinforcedconcreteandsteelslabsinmultistorybuildings.
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/12
ClimateBenefitsofMassTimber
Usingthinningsinlong-livedproducts,suchasmasstimber,ratherthanallowingthemtoburnor
decomposecanfurtherimprovethenetclimatebenefitsofthinningforests.Whenusedefficiently,mass
timberhasalowerembodiedcarbonfootprintthantraditionalbuildingmaterials,likesteelandconcrete.26Asreducingembodiedcarbonbecomesahigherpriorityforindustryandgovernmentsseekingtohit
climatetargetsandmeetcorporatedemands,thelow-embodied-carboncharacteristicsofmasstimberwillbecomeincreasinglyattractive.27
Inadditiontoitslowerembodiedcarbon,masstimberalsostoresbiogeniccarbonsequesteredinforests,potentiallyhelpingturnbuildingsintocarbonsinks.Quantifyingtheclimateimpactsofbiogeniccarbonstorageinmasstimberisatopicofongoingscientificstudies.However,minimizingwasteinproduction,maximizingreusepotential,andensuringthehealthofsourceforestsareallwidelyacceptedstrategiestomaximizethebenefitsofcarbonstorageinmasstimberbuildings.
FasterConstruction
Masstimberoffersotherperformancebenefitsoverbusiness-as-usualconstructionandmaterials.Mass
timberproductscansignificantlyspeedupconstructiontimescomparedwithcast-in-placeconcrete.28Masstimberisalsousuallyprefabricatedinfactoriesoff-site,whichmeansitcanbequicklyassembledon-site,reducingconstructiontimeandlaborcosts.
FireResistanceandGoingTall
Duetofiresafetyconsiderations,conventional“stick-framed”buildingsusingdimensionallumberare
limitedtofivestories.CLTandothermasstimberproductscanbebuilttallerbecausetheycanbespecifiedwiththickercrosssectionsthanconventionalstick-framedconstruction.Unlikedimensionallumber,whenmasstimberelementswithlargecrosssectionsburn,theyformaninsulatingcharlayerthatprotectsaninnercoreofwood,whichremainsstructurallystrong.Thismeansmasstimberproductscanfindmarketsintallerconstructionprojects,wheresteelandconcretehavebeentheonlypermittedconstruction
materials.29Masstimberconstructionispermittedupto18stories(or270feet)inthe2024InternationalBuildingCode(IBC).Masstimber’slightweightcomparedwithreinforcedconcretealsomakesitidealforverticaladditionstoexistingbuildingsindenseurbancenters.
Biophilia
Masstimberenvironmentsmaypromotephysicalandmentalhealthbenefitsforoccupants,potentiallycontributingtolessabsenteeismandmoreproductivityinofficesettingsandprovidinghealing
environmentsinhealthcarefacilities.30Thisisachievedthroughthenaturalaestheticofwood,whichislinkedtostressreductionandimprovedoccupantwell-being.High-profilemasstimberprojectsliketheT3towerinDenverhaveshownthatmasstimberbuildingscancommandrentpremiumsbecauseoftheincreaseddesirabilityofthebuildingattributabletobiophiliaandmasstimber’ssustainabilitybenefits.31
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/13
Cross-laminatedtimbermanufacturingprocess.PhotocourtesyofSterlingStructural.
LocalEconomicDevelopment
Coloradoimports90%ofitswoodproducts.32AsofMarch2024,34masstimberbuildingshavebeenbuiltorareunderconstructioninthestate.33Nearlyallofthesehaveusedimportedmasstimber.Meeting
Colorado’sdemandforwoodconstructionwithlocalbusinessesthatsupplyvalue-addedwoodproductscouldkeepmoreofthesedollarsinthestate,andevenattractrevenuethroughexportstonearbystatesandregions.ThiscouldcreatemorejobsandincomeforColoradobusinessesacrossthefullvaluechain,rangingfromharvest,transportation,andmillingtomanufacturingandinstallationinbuildings.
Theprefabricatedmanufacturingandconstructionapproachcommontomanymasstimberproductsprovideshigher-qualityandmoreinclusivejobopportunitiesthansite-builtconstructionmethods.Workinginafixed-location,temperature-controlledfactoryenvironmentwithergonomicaidsandareliableincomeismoreinclusiveofworkerswithawiderdiversityofgenders,ages,physicalabilities,skilllevels,andfamilysituations.
BeyondMassTimber
Thehigh-valuecommercialopportunitiesfortreesharvestedinfuelreductiontreatmentsextendbeyondmasstimber.Nonstructuralproducts,suchasinsulation,interiorfinishproducts,andfurniture,couldalsooffermarketsforthinningsfromColoradoforests.34
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/14
Jump-StartingColorado’sResilientLocalForestEconomies
ScalingresilientlocalforesteconomiesinColorado(seeExhibit4)requiressimultaneouslyaddressinganumberofinterconnectedchallenges.
Exhibit4Stepstoscaleresilientlocalforesteconomies
Resilientlocalforesteconomiescouldbringdollarstoruralcommunitieswhilehelpingpayforforestwildfire
mitigationtreatmentsandcreatingsustainablebuildings:
Forest
Logger
Sawmill
Distributor
Manufacturer
Developer
Targetstreesduring
Checksand
Receives
Purchaseslumber
Purchases
harvesttoimprove
gradesthelogs
processed
andveneer
masstimber
foresthealth
forprocess-
lumberandother
accordingto
productsfor
andresilience.
abilityinto
primarywood
strengthand
construction
Resultingfeedstock
sellablewood
productsand
sizecriteriato
ofbuildings.
issubjecttoforest
product(lumber,
groupsthemby
manufacturemass
managementneeds.
veneer,etc.).
differentsources.
timberproducts.
Fiberfromwildfiremitigationtreatments
<Revenuetosupportwildfiremitigationtreatments
>
RMIGraphic.
PublicSupportforForestThinnings
PublicreactionstoforestthinningsinColoradoaremixed.35Althoughsomevaluethewildfiremitigationandforesthealthbenefitsassociatedwiththesetreatments,avocalminorityhas,insomeinstances,
opposedandsubmittedlegalchallengestothinning.Thesechallenges,whilewell-intentioned,candelayurgentmanagementwork,consumeForestServiceresources,andhurtlocalwoodproductsbusinessesthatdependonconsistentwoodsupply.
Localenvironmentalgroupsandforestcollaborativeshavetheopportunitytoeducatethepublicaboutthebenefitsofforestthinningaspartofanintentional,ecologicallymotivatedforestmanagementstrategythatiswellalignedwithadvancingclimatemitigationandadaptationgoals.36Sustainedrelationshipbuildingandcommunicationamonglocalcommunities,theforestproductsindustry,andtheconstructionsectorisneededtoearn“sociallicense”foractiveforestmanagementofpubliclandsinColorado.
FightingWildfireswithLow-CarbonBuildings/15
TimberAgeSystems,aDurango-basedmasstimbermanufacturerhasbuiltanumberofstructures,suchasthisAccessoryDwellingUnit(ADU)inColoradowithmasstimberusingwoodfromforesttreatmentsinthestate.PhotocourtesyofTimberAgeSystems.
ManufacturingandMilling
DecadesofdisinvestmentinColorado’sforestresourcesupplychainshaveresultedinreducedmanufacturingcapacity.37ThislimitstheabilitytoeconomicallyprocessthinningsfromColoradoforestsintomasstimber
products.Newinvestmentsareneededinmills,manufacturing,andmasstimberconstructioncapacitythatis“rightsized”tothevolumeoftimberharvestedinforestmanagementtreatments.
Workforce
LikemuchoftheUnitedStates,Coloradofacesashortageofworkersintheforestproductsindustryand
theconstructionsector.Thislimitsscalingofwoodproductssupplychains.Morelocalhighschools,
communitycolleges,anduniversitiesshouldengagewiththewoodproductsindustrytodeveloppathwaystocareersinwoodproducts
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