翻译理论与实践教案1

课程名称：《翻译理论与实践》主导教材：冯庆华《实用翻译教程》(英汉互译)学分：2学时：3668学时，其中36学时为英译汉，32学时为汉译英，每周2学时。教学计划2)翻译技巧讲练(介绍主要的英汉互译技巧3)多视角的翻译实践与研究(不同领域的翻译实践及其操作原则与技巧，2冯庆华：《实用翻译教程》(英汉互译),上海外语教育出版社，2002年版陈宏薇：《新实用汉译英教程》,湖北教育出版社，2000年版主要参考资料：Newmark,P.ATextbookofTranslation.Shanghai:SFLEP,2001.Nida,E.A.Language,Culture,andTranslating.Shanghai:SFLEP,1993.Nida,E.A.LanguageandCulture:ContextsinTranslating.ShaSFLEP,2001.张培基：《英汉翻译教程》,上海外语教育出版社1980年版五、作业与考核方式作业：各种文本类型的翻译练习；主要翻译理论和重要翻译概念的资料查找和课堂陈述。考核方式：课程考核以平时作业和期末开卷考试相结合的方式，考核成绩由平时作业成绩(40%)和期末考试卷面成绩(60%)组成。31.Helpthestudentsachieveabasicunderstandingoftranslationclassification,evaluationcriteria,theroleo2.Thedifficultiesinvolvedintranslatisourcelanguage(SL)/receptorlanguage/targetlanguage(TL);reproduce;message/information;equivalence/correspondence2.Natureoftranslation(EugeneA.Nida):3.Classificationoftranslation:a.Oralinterpretation/writtentranslatib.Humantranslation/machinetc.Literary/scientific/political/cd.Domestication(naturalization)/foreignization(e1.严复：信、达、雅(faithfulness,expressivenes似4.EugeneA.Nida:natural/close;dynamic/functionalC.Whatdifficultiesmightoccurintran4c.Thewholeskyspangledgayt —RomeoandJuliete.g.crocodile'stears;scieII.TheRoleofTranslator:1.Acourierofthehumanspirits(普希金)2.Asculptorwhotriestorecreateaworkofpainting4.Amusician/anact5.Traduttori-traditori(TranslatorB.Responsibilityoftranslator:5bysophisticatedmod6#TitleofLesson:Contrastbetwe#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(402.BrieflyanalyzetheB.Static(静)vs.Dynamic(动)fA.Hypotaxis(从属结构)vs.Parataxis(并列结构)e.g.Itisapity,however,thatDr.Thomasseemsnottohavlessonthathistoryoffersus-namely,tviewourselves,andhowwebehave.(流水句)7e.g.Doubtsbegantocreepintopeople'smindsaboutC.Subject-Prominent(主语句)vs.Topic-Prominent(主题句)2.Cigaretteswerethedeathof4.Ifyouconferabenefit,neverrememberit;ifyoureceiveone,rememberit6.Theyhadnorunning7.Theatrewillbere9.Bytheendofthewar,800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganiz8词)9tleofLesson:Conk#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(402.BrieflyanalyzetheA.Wordmeaninge.g.mascon,cosplay→atendencyoftranslatability(e.g.bar,disco)a.Polysemy(一词多义)b.Homonymy(同形/同音异义)e.g.can;lead;bill;reed/reade.g.readymoney/pocketmo人f3)Hewasquicktouseself-deprecatinghumortothrowanyoneoffthe他是1980年5月27日在罗马出生的。/他于1980年5月27日出A.Transformationofsentencestructuree.g.IwastoldnottotrustwhatIreadinthecompletionoftheconstructionjobhehadbeenengagedininthePK台-PleasefindthefullwordofPKanditsoriginalmeaning.Anyre-AttheendofthePPT,putinthesourceofyourknowledgeandthenamesofB.TranslatethefollowingparaItseemedapointscwentunnoticedforasecondufleaoffireglowingbesidetheperfectnavel.Joannejumped,andsquealedwithbuttheevidencecouldnotbedestroyed;immaculateskin.Corinnecontinuedherscreams,splicingthemwithgaspsofintake,whileeveryonerummagedthroughpursesaVaseline,butter,toothpaste-anythingfotoiletwatergivenherinadepartmentstore;Joannedabbedso #TitleofLesson:TransferofWordMeaningWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(403.Amplificationofwordmeani2.AmplificationofwordmeaningII.ChoiceofWordingMeanings(词义的选择)g.I'mgoingtothedoctor'stomorromyshiftforme?j.Ithinkmoresingershavecovered“Yesterday”thananyothersong.k.We'vegotalltheexitscovered,sb.Shebackedthecaroutofthenarrowroad.d.TheorganizationisbackedbytheU.e.Ourcathasbrokenoneofherbacklegs.f.Whenyouhavedoneback.e.g.exercise:exerciseresponsibility(exerciseinfluence(施加影响)IV.CommendatorySenseorDerogatorySense(词义的褒贬)A.Theworditselfhasco2.Hisnotorietyasarakedidnot3.Thetaskscarriedoutbythemarepra4.HenrykeepsboastingthathehastalkedtothePresident.B.Theworditselfisneutra2.Hewasamanofintegrity,butunfortunatelyhehadacertainreputation.2.Aggressivephotographersfollowedtheprincesseverywhere3.HitlercarriedoutanaggressivV.AmplificationofWordMeaning(词义的引申)e.g.Duringthemeetinge.g.UlyssesGrantonceexplainedhismilitarysuccessbywritiisIthinkIamaverb,instead我认为自己是个动词(独立而富于行动);而不是个人称代词(从属而被动)。”e.g.Really,though,theit,whatasuitofclothingcosts,howlongyoucankeepthebutcherFindthedifferentmeaningofthesingleformandpluralfcord(细)绳proceeds(货款)收益，收入refreshments茶点，点心#TitleofLesson:Converting#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(401.Nounsderivedfromverbs(动词派3.Nounswithsuffix“-er”donotalwayprofession;sometimestheyembodyaverbalsenseinstead.Thesenouns4.Nounsastheprinciplepartofafixedexpression(作为习语主体的名aware,careful,cautious,certain,concerned,confident,deignorant,glad,gratefuA.VerbsConvertedinte.g.Thedesignaimsatautomaticope形式)A.NounsConvertedintoAdjectolloquiaf4.Traditionally,therehadalwaysbeengoodrelationsbetweenthem.uldsendthememorif6.Itisimpossibletoliveinsocietyandbe2.诗的语言虽很通俗，但对人的感情的揭示/理解却有深度。(a.→n.)3.有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了积极的评价。4.他们之间一直保持着传统的友好关系。(ad5.难怪老一辈的人见了这个就会想起36年前的往事。(n.→v.)8.年轻的学者吃着简单的饭食，住在寒冷的茅屋，靠着昏暗的灯光，长时间9.她轻盈地越过草地，跑上小道，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，走进了门廊。Itis,perhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereexceptionallyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfcareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusinventionsthathebareRenaissanceidealofthe“universalman”,themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofnarrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisvenerated;theversatileperson,farworldofhighly-skilled“experts”whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompeteWiththishighdegreeofspecialization,thebeingpushedbackmorerapidlythaneverbefore.withoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthatspecializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverytheyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whyimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlytheevenhere,asoneofitsFellowsputit,atalectureunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!多面手非但不受人钦佩，反而常常遭到怀疑。当今的世界是精通专业的“专家”呢?是在这里举办一次讲座，也只有10%的会员能够听懂其中50%的内容!#TitleofLesson:Adding#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(403.Addingwordswhichindicatetheplura5.Addingwordswhichsuggestthetextual/socialc2.AddingwordswhichindicatethetenseII.Abriefintroductionofaddinge.g.Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats,no“ore.g.Afterthebanquets,thece.g.I'mreallybusythismorning:2classes,ameeting,V.Addingadverbs—人群渐渐地散去了。—起床后她难道不洗漱(洗脸刷牙)吗?e.g.Dayafterdayshedoesthesame:washfe.g.Heallowedthefathertobeoverrue.g.Flowersbloominthefields.一朵朵鲜花开满原野。 千山，千难万险)等；还有些词，如、群、众、历、丛等也表示数量X.Addingauxiliarywordswhichindicateth—不要当真嘛!我不过是跟你开玩笑罢了。—这是你的书吗?一是我的。—Yes,ofcourseIdo.一什么?难道你不爱他?—我当然爱他!exactman...”e.g.InApril,therewasthe“p“ponged”.e.g.TheforeignministersofChin—中、俄、日、美四国外长在东京会晤。e.g.Chinaiswillie.g.Yes,helikesfootball.Lotsofpeopledothesedays.A.PresentationTask:translatethefollo2.Airpressuredecreaseswithaltitu4.Accordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocreate6.Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardi7.Hebecomesextrememountains,waters,flowers,plants,fishesandbirds.B.Translatethefollowingpassages:yourfaithfulfriend,thefriendfromwhomyonothing!Youwere,intruth,somewhatinclinedtohidefromhimtheparticularmatterwhichmonopolizthedomainofliterature.象(提示),仅此而已(再多就办不到了)。我就试着给大家提供这么一个印#TitleofLesson:Cutting#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40e.g.Butit'sthewayIam,andtryasImighte.g.Fortwoweeks,hehadbeen—瑞士的气候与索马里截然不同。E.Cutting“it”A)Cutting“it”asimpersonalpronoun—她关门时外面正下着滂沱大雨。一直到那时我才开始怀疑，我的经历究竟能不能公诸于众。thustooleaky,toomanypeoplewhotalkedtoomuch.A)省略表示原因的连接词—我们看见一只燕子，知道夏天就要来临了。e.g.Becausethedeparturewasnoteasy,we'dbettermakeitbrief. 离别不是件容易的事(离别真叫人难受),我们还是简短些吧。B)省略表示条件的连接词—冬天来了，春天还会远吗?(雪莱《西风颂》)—早知如此我就不说了。C)省略表示时间的连接词一最后他站到了悬崖上，转过身来，悲哀地看着他的小妹妹。e.g.Atlonglast,onJune6,1944,aftertheEuropeanwarwasbasicallydecidedandHitlerlicked,theallieslaunchedtheirl—1944年6月6日，欧洲战局基本已见分晓，希特勒败局已定，—夜晚11点，战役打响了。(比较：战役在夜晚11点打响。)—气压低，沸点就低。nf他妹妹是个(女)演员。thosewhohadnot.—报考大学的人，有工作经验的将优先录取。plentyoffoodanddrinkandalltheworkdoneforthembasHumboldtwasconcerned,theyonlydidhimoneposititookhislettersandsawthatthey3.Despitetheprivation,andthemountingtollofdeadandwouremainedintact,andpeopl4.Shecurtseyedagain,andwouldhaveblusheddeeper,ifshecouldhaveblusheddeeperthanshehadblushedallthe6.Thesedevelopingcountriescovervastterritoripopulationandaboundinnaturalresour7.TheministerwishednoWhoeverhasmadeavoyageuptheHudsonmustrememberthekaatskillsurroundingcountry.Everychangeofseason,everychanghouroftheday,producessomechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapesofmountains,andtheyareregardedbyallthegoodwivesfarandprinttheirboldoutlinesontheclearefthelandscapeiscloudless,theywillgatherahoodofwhich,inthelastraysofthesettingsun,willglowandlightuplikeAtthefootofthesefairymountains,thevoyagsmokecurlingupfromavillagewhosesingle-roofsgleamamongththebluetintsoftheuplandmeltawayintothefreshgreenofthenearerlandscape.Itisalittlevillageofgreatanintheearlytimesoftheprovince,justaboutthebeginningofthegovernmentoftheoodPeterStuyvesant(mayherestinftheoriginalsettlersstandingwfromHolland,havinglatticedwindows1.然而洪保德决不喜欢他们——他们生活奢华，大吃大喝，而且事无巨细全2.他们进屋用餐。美酒佳肴不久就发生了作用，他们的交谈不仅没有恶言恶3.尽管物资匮乏，伤亡增加，但士气并未受到影响，街上的人照常会面带笑4.她又行了一个屈膝礼，要不是她的脸一直都红得那么厉害，这会儿说不定5.在新大陆生活了十年之后，欧洲移民已经适应了这里的水土、气候和季节6.这些发展中国家地大物博，人口众多。的，格子窗，人字门墙(正面是山形墙),屋顶装着风向标(风信鸡)。在这些神奇的从山脚下，航行的旅客有时会看见轻烟从一座村落里袅袅而¹彼得·斯图佛逊(1592?-1672),荷兰殖民统治者，他是新尼德兰的最后一任荷兰总督(1646-1664年),因其苛政而不受人们欢迎，终于1664年被迫将该殖民地拱手让给英国。²彼得·斯太弗山特(1062-1682),荷兰人，曾任荷兰统治下的新尼德兰(纽约旧名)最后一任总督。#TitleofLesson:RepeatingIntroducetothestudentsoneofthetranslatingmethods:repeating.#DifficultTeachingThetranslationof“nI.Forthesakeofexplicitness有些词在英语中无需重复，可是译成汉语就必须e.g.Gas,oilandelectricfurnacesarA.RepetitionofNoun英语第二次提到讲过的事物时习惯用代替词表示替代，汉语则重复e.g.JackkickedtheballtoHenryandHenrykickeditbacktoJack. 杰克把球踢给亨利，亨利又(把球)踢回给杰克。neitherignorenorundeimmeasurablydistantorn—有一个声音响了起来，刺穿了他对亲人的思念。这声音他既不能充耳不闻，又不能领会.....他不知这声音是什么,到底来自e.g.OurlabisinBuildingFouran—我们的实验室在四号楼，他们的实验室在主楼。e.g.Myroomislightert—我的屋子比隔壁的屋子亮。e.g.ThebestwatchesarethosemadeinSwitzerland.—最好的表是e.g.Respectfortheviewe.g.Discounthousesdonotofferthesamee.g.“Ithoughttheactingwassplendid.”“SodidI” e.g.Doctorswillgetmorepracticeoutofmethanoutof100ordinary—医生们从我一个人身上得到的临床经验会比从一百个普通病B.RepetitionofVerbe.g.Theytalkedaboutabouthisfamily,abouth—他们谈到他的家庭，(谈到)他的工作，还谈到他的前程。C.RepetitionofPronoun—你什么时候有空，就什么时候过来聊聊。*英语中常用some...ande.g.OnSundays,some—星期天，有的复习功课，有的去逛街。(星期天，复习功课的othersjoinedthearmyandIbecameateacherinmyvillage.—1974年，我们高中毕业。有的上大学去了，有的参军了，我则A.英文中有重复的词，译文也重复同样的词—先生们尽管高喊和平，和平，但是依然没有和平。closertovictory.”—“我们一天天逼近巴格达，我们一天天接近胜利。”e.g.Bloodmustatoneforblood.—血债要用血来还。e.g.Prominentamongthemostprominentuponthemostprominentbookshelf—在最显眼的书架上最显眼的书籍中最显眼的要数12卷的不列颠百B.英文中有重复的词，译文则使用不同的重复词e.g.Shewouldreadandre-readtheletter.—她会把那封信一遍又一遍地e.g.Theirbusinesswasontheup-and-up.—他们的生意蒸蒸日上/越做越大/越做越红火。A.运用叠词叠词，特别是四字重叠词组，使译文生动、通顺。—我的回答是坦坦荡荡，直言不讳的。e.g.Hischildrenwereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.—他的孩子穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。B.运用对仗e.g.Eyeforeye,toothfortooth.—以眼还眼，以牙还牙。e.g.Outofsight,outofmind.—眼不见，心不念。C.运用四字对偶词组e.g.greatcontributions丰功伟绩gratitude感恩戴德I.PresentationtaskparticularoftheGenevaConvention.2.Watercanbedecomposedby5.Thespaceprobepassedwitheearthsomepicturesofthesurfaceofthatplanet.Inthebeginning,SanfordCarterwasatwoandahalfyearsCarterhadbeeninthearmyhehadcometohatecoenormoussandwichinonehand,andabottleofbeerintheothecasualheavythumpoftheservingspoonintohisplate,ortheresentfulconvictionthmarriage,thisrageoverapparentlyharmlessdetailswasnotasignofunbalance.Everysoldierfoundsomeparticularhabitofthearmyspouseimpo4.现在，雷达是一种常用的东西，利用雷达可以5.太空探测器在不到六千英里处飞过了火星，并把火星表面的一些照片发6.约翰是地地道道的英国人(约翰比英国人还象英国人)。7.那家伙坏得不能再坏了(坏透了)。8.书有种种，好坏不一。II.ParagraphTrans和特权的象征。一想到炊事兵，脑子里就浮现出一个(脑子里浮现出来的炊事兵形象是个)肥头大耳的家伙，一手拿一大块三明治，一手拎一瓶啤酒，猪似的肥帮家伙，我可没那么多闲工夫!(利索点，小子，我可不想整天都耗在这儿!)”迹象，每个士兵都会在部队这个配偶(这另一半)身上发现某种叫人难以忍受的#TitleofLesson:Negating#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40I.AffirmativeinEngle.g.Suchachancewasdenied(to)me.(v.)—我没有得到这样一e.g.Thefirstbombsmissedthetarget.(v.)—第一批炸弹没有击e.g.Timeiswhatwewantmost,what,alas,manyuseworst.(ad.)e.g.Theplanisnotfinal.(a.)—这计划并不是不可改e.g.Whatyou'vesaidisaboveme.(prep.)相对)—证据确凿，不容置疑。careofitself.e.g.Themothergentlye.g.Hitler'sundisguisedefforttopersecutetheJewsmetwithworld-wide—他本能地讨厌那女人。e.g.Students,withnoexception,aree.g.Suddenlyheheardasoundbehindhim,andrealizedhewasnotalonee.g.InevergopastthehoIII.Affirmative/Negae.g.Ifrichnessneedsgiftswithwhicheveryoneisfpopulation,whichmea—可是你瞧，我们不能两个人—你尽可以马上离开，我才不1.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidedtheveryattem2.Itwillgenerallybefoundthatthemenwhoarehabituallybehin3.Travelingfivehundredmilesbycarwi4.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadme7.Whenwereadwemayvisitthemostbeautifulp8.Thethoughtofreturningtohisnativelandneverdesertedhim.9.Italsoincludesalotof#TitleofLesson:Dividing&Combining#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40e.g.ChairmanMaomighthavespokenwithunderspolicyof“self-reliance”.B.Phrase→Clausee.g.AnotherGulfWarintheregionwouldclearlymaketheinternationale.g.Thecookturnedpalewithfear,andimmediatelyase.g.Shewasborninaverysmalltown.Thetownisie.g.InthespiritoffranknesswhichIhopewillcharacterizeourtalksthispassengerstotheirdeaths,hasbeencelebratedinprintandonfil—白星公司的邮轮泰坦尼克号在1912年的处女航中因撞上冰山而searchofwork,anywork,underanycondition,thatwouldkeepthemstreets.Weforgethowfrequently—忽然他发现女主人露出一种奇怪的表情(脸色异常),两眼直愣MorenationshavethetechnicalabilitytoproduceadvanaboutthenegotiationsforaLawoftheSeatreaty,whichcamwantedhimshotasaYankeespy,but3.WereceivedthetrophyfromthehandsofthePresidentoftheRepublicofconstantbeatofasambabandmixingwiththemostenthusiasticovatio4.ButwithoutAdolfHitler,whowaspossessedofademoniacpersonality,agranitewill,uncannyinstinsoaringimaginationand-untiltowardtheend,whendrusuccess,beoverreachedhimself-anamazingcapacity#TitleofLesson:Cohesion#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40Brieflyintroducethemeansofachievingthecohesion(orstrucunityratherthanacasualcombinationofsentences.Inordertoaconsiderationtothecoherenceofthewholetext,fiI.LinkingbylexicalmeansInasmooth,coherentsynonymous,antonymodividedbyHolidayandHassawnintotwokinds:collocation(同现关系)andreiteration(复现关系).ThetranslatormustchoosetheproperwordintranslationA.Collocation(同现关系)e.g.CaptainWeston,whohadbeenconsidered,especiallybofthebargain,forwhenhiswifedied,afterathre 破了这一串词汇链在语义上的前后联系，从而使译文出现了上下文脱节的现象。此外，makeamatch这个说法主要是从一方的角度而言(例如makeagoodmatch应理解为“找到好对象”),这与全篇的主语CaptainWeston相呼应；而婚姻这个词的内涵往往涉及到夫妻B.Reiteration(复现关系)Reiterationmeansthattachievedbyrepeatingacertainword/expressionorusinge.g.Duringalltheyearsofmylife,untilthatmoment,Ihadcarriedthemenacing,thehostilekillingworldwithmeeverywhere.Nomatterw—我活到那么大，可是我无论去什么地方，这个咄咄逼人、生杀予夺的世界始终纠缠着我。我干什么事，说什么话，转什么念头，总词复现(它、天下),如此处理淡化了world的复现链接，这样一—活到那么大，无论去什么地方，这个满怀恶意、咄咄逼人的世界始终纠缠着我。不管我做什么、说什么、想什么,总得睁着一只眼睛提防这个世界这个我刚学会说自己的名字就不再信任的II.LinkingbygrammaticalmeansThesentencescanalsobeknittedintoaninsuchascorresponding,omItshouldbenotedthatthetranslatormustalsotakeintocolinguistichabitsofthetargetlanguageinadditiontothecluese.g.IreadhisProgressandPoverty,andwendrawingaredherringacrosscontemptuouslydismissedasanovicewhohadnotreadIpromptlyreadit,andreturnedtoannouncemycompleteconversionbyiImmediatelycontemptchangedtoawe;forHyndman'sdiscipleshadnversionintheBritishMuseumreadingroom,mydailyresort.—我看了他的《进步与贫穷》,又去参加海德门的马克思主义组了乔治开辟的道路。他们轻蔑地驳回了我的意见，Marx'sCapital—it—it—thebook—it,翻译时，译者按照汉语的衔它——这本书——这本书。可见，英语中以指代衔接为特征的人称对—人不能只从讲解中学会发声，也不能光靠看说明而真正体会出某种滋味来：声音必须耳闻，颜色必须目见，滋味必须口尝，气味必须吸讲评：原文为了简洁，一连省略了三个must,读来节奏紧凑，一气呵成。译过，气味必须闻到过。”I.Translationofsentenaspiringtofreedomandjustice.2.Historianshavecpunitivelawsdesignedasmuchtoprovidecheaplabo1.WhenSmithwasmorning,withaheadache,hewouldrailattheworldforireason,thefools,hisbrodeathresults,wecallthedeedman-slaughter;whentheassailsocietyplaceshundredsofviolenceasthatbytheswordorbullet;wheninecessariesoflife,plthousandsofvictimsmustperish,andyetpermitstheseconditionstorfthevictimseemsanaturalone,sincetheoffenceismoreonethatofcommission.(Butmurderitremains.)1.他们知道，他们参加的运动正撼动着整个世界，并把渴望自由和正义的#TitleofLesson:CoherenceWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)Brieflyintroducethemeansofachievingthecoherenceofthetranslatedversion.2)Rearrangementofinformation;#DifficultTeaching2)Transferofintentiondiscourse,whichisoftenrealizedbytheconsistentthemesofcoherence,thereasonablearrangementofinformationandtheperceptionoftheintentionofthediscoI.MarksofCoherence(连贯标记)连贯标记指借助一些词汇的手段来帮助语篇恰当地连成一体，以实现其e.g.Hefindsthatstudentswhowereeasytoputtingwhattheyhadbeentaughtintopractice,hesitatewhenconfrontedwiththevastuntouchedareaofEnglishvocthescopeofbasictextbooks.然而现在，面对着大量未曾接触过的英语词汇和用法，他们却踌躇起来，面的定语从句中谓语动词则均为过去时态。整个去与现在层次明晰，前后意义连贯。由于汉语无法通过动词的屈折来表达时IⅡ.Re-arrangementofinformation(信息重组)这和依赖衔接手段来实现语意连贯的英语语篇有availableeverywherecalcinationoflimestonewidelypresentinnature.译1:塑料是由无处不在、取之不绝的自然资源——水，通过自动化或机械译2:塑料由水、煤和石灰制造而成。水是无处不在、取之不尽的自然资源；原文句子主干部分用了三个并列的介词宾语，且每个宾语都另用了一个定语从句加以修饰，这是英语形合语言中相当常见的表述方式。译文1依葫原文语义上的连贯大打折扣。如果将信息重组一下，先概括主旨，再通过关键词复现来衔接语篇，并对各关键词进行一一分述，整个译文的结构就会严e.g.Theboysdressedthemselves,hidtcouldclaimtohavedonetocom译1:两个孩子穿上衣服，藏好装备，离开了树林，惋惜现在没有绿林好汉译2:(两个)孩子穿上衣服，藏好装备，怀着悲伤和疑惑的心情离开了(树译文1完全照搬了原文的连贯结构，但原文的逻辑层次和脉络显然没有Basicallyspeaking,thecoherenceofadiscourseliesinthecontinuanceofthemeaning,whichembodiestheintentionorpurposeofthespeamaintainitscoherenceandlogicwithouttheproperunderstandingandtransferof体现。汉译时，对原文作者意向性的感知，是保证(DeathofaSalesmanbyArthurMiller)查理(收起牌，朝门口走):好吧!下次我带一付有五张A的牌来。*(这句话的译法个人认为与原意不符，不如直译为“我才不打那种牌查理(转身面对他):你不怕害臊!*(这句话译为：你也不害臊!/你害不害臊!/你怎么不知道害臊!似威利(朝着他的后影摔上门):没知识!greatestburstofenergyreleasedonebrokenhisbondsandbroughtanewfiredowntoearth2.Thechessboardistheworld,thepiec3.Britishnewspapers-allofthemsomeofthetime,andstime-behavebadlhurtfullyintopeople'sprivacy;andtheypublishinaccurate,sommade-upstories.Thevictimshav#TitleofLesson:DiscourseTranslation#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40BrieflyintroducetheprocessofdiscoursetranslatiIⅡ.ProceduresofTranslationII.StepsofTranslatione.g.Returning,then,totheconsiderationofthequestion,fromwhichImseemtohavedigressobjectis,notscience,art,profnarroworfantastictype,as,forinstance,thatofe.g.Hehasnoopinion;hejusttakeshiscolorfromthecompanyheisin.(人云亦云)2)Whetherthestylisticformistruly他比(班上其他任何一个同学)班上的同学都高e.g.Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringB.Impropercollocation搭配不当thenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetstheiroldcliché-riddenimageofthatperio...当年那种陈腐的旧形象与它们现时的情况已(对不上号)不可e.g.-Itappearsthatyou'vegottheofferofaverygoodjob.-Awonderfuljob.e.g.HewasabouttoleavewhenhenfPalaceatFourA.M.,isasculpturalconstructionconsistingofTitleofLesson:TranslationofLoanwordsandTrademarksWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)BrieflyintroducethemethodsoftranslatingEnglishloanwordsandtrademarks.2)Translationoftrademarks#DifficultTeaching2)TheprinciplesandmethodsoftranslatingtrademarThismethodisgenerallywhichhavenoequivalentinChinese,forexample,ncigar雪茄chocolate巧克力Gorge乔治whiskey威士忌model模特Principlesoftransliteration:AvoidwordsthatmayleadtowrongimcommendatoryorderogAvoidusinguncommonwThetranslationoffemalenamesshouldemployfemininewords.Thismethodisavailablewhentranslatingnmeanings,forexample,namesofnewspapers,magazineWhiteHouse白宫horsepower马力CapeofGoodHope好望角sonar声纳(声波定位仪)copy拷贝(复制)C.CombinationofTrane.g.OKXOWCa.m.highE.AdditionofExplanatoryWordAddawordortwotothetransliteration/freetranslationtogiinformationoftheobject,esp.ofitskind.cocktail鸡尾酒III.TranslationofTrademarks(商标的翻译)大家所熟悉的美国运动系列商品Nike。读音为['naiki:],本意是希腊A.SkillsoftranslatingtrademarksChinesetrademarksaretraditionallycomposedoftwoorthreewords.Therefore,someunimportantsoundsareoftenomitUseotherwordstoshowthecommodity'sproe.g.Colgate,Safeguard,Dove,Pa**Principlesoftransliteration:Ford福特Motorola摩托罗拉Xrox施乐Malboro万宝路