专题12八下Units7-8（知识梳理常考易错点归纳强化提升练）（原卷版）-2024年中考英语一轮复习2

专题12八下Units78（知识梳理+常考易错点归纳+强化提升练）（原卷版）掌握78单元的重点单词、词组和句式以及语法，做到熟练运用。一、词汇1.重点单词的含义及用法：medicaltreatment医学治疗；dooperationsonsb给某人做手术；trainingcentre培训中心；onboard在飞机（船、火车）上；carryonwithsth.继续做某事；handout分发；发出；setup创建，建立；takethemedicine服药；operateonsb.给某人做手术；modernmedicine现代医学；haveacheck检查;can’taffordtodosth.承担不起做某事；beproudtodosth.以做某事而骄傲；makeupone’smindtodosth.下定决心做某事；dependon“依赖，依靠，取决于”；luckily“幸运的是，所幸的是”；produce“制作，制造”；survey“调查”2.易混词辨析：withone’shelp在某人的帮助下；providesth.forsb.为某人提供某物；preventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases预防某些严重疾病的传播；beusedas…被用作……；inhospital和inthehospital的区别；because和becauseof的区别；preventsbfromdoingsth.阻止/预防某人做某事;attendcourses上课；beseparatedinto“被分成”；separate......from“把......和......分开；allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事；allowdoingsth允许做某事；runout和runoutof的区别；whattodowith和howtodealwith的区别；beharmfulto对......有害；beharmlessto对......无害；notonly......but(also)不仅......而且......；asaresult和asaresultof的区别；makeadifferenceto“对......产生影响”二、句型1.Youhavesomepocketmoneyleft.2.Itprovidesbasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas.3.Manyofourpatientscan’taffordtogotohospital…4.Duringmylastvisit,150patientswereoperatedon.5.I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.6.soshemadeuphismindtotrainasanurseandattendedcoursesafterwork.7.Someoftheclothesaresoldincharityshops,somearegiventothepoor,andothersaresenttofactoriesforrecycling.8.Forexample,wearenotallowedtocutdowntrees.9.Wedependonitsrichresourcestolive,soitisimportantforustoprotectitwisely.10.Luckily,wearestartingtousetheenergyfromthesun,wind,andwater.11.Whatdotheydowitholdclothes?12.Coal,oilandnaturalgasisnotonlyusefulforfamilies,buthaveawideruseforfactories.13.Asaresult,itisveryimportantforustousethemwise.14.Followthesesmallsteps,andyoucanmakeabigdifferencetotheEarth......三、重点语法Unit7Unit8被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的一般将来时被动语态的构成：bedone被动语态的基本用法被动语态的特殊用法：主动形式表示被动含义哪些动词或者词组没有被动语态被动语态的将来时结构：willbedone或者begoingtobedoneUnit7重点词汇和句型1、Youhavesomepocketmoneyleft.left此处是leave的过去分词，意思是“剩余的”。例如： Attheendoftheparty,wehadsomefoodleft.ORBIS(国际奥比斯组织)Oxfam(<英>牛津饥荒救济委员会/乐施会)UNICEF(UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund联合国儿童基金会)WWF(WorldWildlifeFund世界野生动物基金)3、Ithelpsbuildabetterworldforeveryone,especiallychildrenallovertheworld.(P93)helpsb.(to)dosth.“帮助某人做某事”；helpsb.withsth.“帮助某人某事”。especiallyadv.“尤其，特别”例如：Iamespeciallybusyonthisweekends.4、Itprovidesbasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas.(P93)1.basicadj.“基础的，基本的”。2.education不可数名词“教育”。5、Italsoworkstopreventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases,likeAIDS,amongyoungpeople.spreadv.“扩散；分布；展开”。例如：Wemustpreventthespreadofthiskindofillness.拓展：spread(spreadspread)既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，意思是“展开；传播；散布”。例如：Hespreadthemap.Thenewswasspreadquickly.6、DrMa,pleasetellussomethingaboutblindness.blindness不可数名词“失明”例如：Don’tgiveupyourdreambecauseofyourblindness.拓展：blindness是形容词blind+后缀ness构成的名词，类似的还有：kindness和蔼illness疾病happiness快乐richness富有sadness悲伤7、Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcentre.beusedas…“被用作……..”.例如：Englishisusedasasecondlanguageinmanycountries.8、Manyofourpatientscan’taffordtogotohospital…1.afford及物动词“买得起；能做；承担得起”，后面接名词、代词或动词不定式做宾语。例如：ThehouseissoexpensivethatIcan’taffordit.Shecan’taffordtopayforherdaughter’seducation.2.gotohospital去看病gotothehospital去医院（看病人或做其他事）9、Also,localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations.onboard“在飞机（船、火车）上”例如：Whenyouareonboard,youshouldturnoffyourmobilephone.10、Duringmylastvisit,150patientswereoperatedon.1.patient在句中用作可数名词，“病人，患者”例如：Thesepatientsarewaitingforthedoctortoe.=2\#"#,##0.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"2operate不及物动词，“开刀，做手术”，operateonsb.“给某人做手术”例如：Thedoctorisoperatingonhim.11、I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.proudadj.“自豪的，骄傲的”。常见的短语：beproudof…“为……..而自豪”例如：Theyareproudoftheirson.拓展：takepridein…与beproudof…同义“为……..而自豪”例如：Doyoutakeprideinyourjob?12、Modernmedicineisdevelopingquicklyandnowmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbetreatedandcured.(P95)1.medicine用作不可数名词，“医学；药”。“服药；吃药；喝药”takethemedicine表示例如：Chinesemedicineisverypopularinwesterncountriesnow.Youmusttakethemedicinethreetimesaday.2.develop可用作及物动词或不及物动词，“发展；加强”。拓展：development可用作可数名词或不可数名词，“发展；进展；发达；发育”；developing“发展中的”，developed“发达的”。3.treat及物动词，“治疗”拓展：treat用作及物动词，“对待；看待；把……看作”，treat….as…”把……看作…..”例如：Don’ttreatmeasachild.4.辨析：treat与curetreat宾语是人、某种疾病或发病的部位，强调治疗的过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思Thedentististreatingmyteeth.牙科医生正在给我看牙。cure宾语可以是人，也可以是某种疾病，强调治疗的结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病Thismedicinewillcureyourtoothache.这种药课治好你的牙疼。一言辨义：Iwilltrymybesttotreathim,butI’mnotsurewhetherIcancurehim.13、Butmoremoneyisneededtocarryonwithourwork.carryonwithsth.“继续做某事”，相当于carryondoingsth.,goondoingsth.或continuedoingsth.例如：Let’scarryonwiththework.14、…soshemadeuphismindtotrainasanurseandattendedcoursesafterwork.1.makeupone’smindtodosth.“决定做某事”=decidetodosth.例如：Hemadeuphismindtoreturntohishometown.2.attend及物动词，“上（学）；去（教堂）”，还可以是“参加；出席；到场”例如：Childrenbetween5and16mustattendschool.Hewasill,sohedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.15、India印度India名词，“印度”；Indian“印度的；印度人的”例如：HeisfromIndia,andheisanIndian.（2022·江苏苏州·中考真题）59.Thecharityistryingtohelpthosewhocan’t__________(haveenoughmoneytopayforsomething)medicaltreatment.（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）6.Thesummervacationising.Don’tswiminthelake,________whenyouarealone.A.probably B.possibly C.especially D.exactly（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）12.Sandturnstoglasswhenit________bylightning.A.hits B.ishit C.ishitting D.willbehit（2023·江苏无锡·中考真题）47.ThisTshirt__________(make)ofsilkanditfeelsverysmooth.（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）4.Mostneighbours________thehabitofsquaredancingtocreateaquieterenvironmentforus.A.getinto B.careabout C.carryon D.giveup（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）41.Don’tgiveup________(尝试).I’msureyouwillsucceed.（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）9.WhenIwasapupil,someofmypocketmoney________tobuyicbooks.A.use B.isused C.used D.wasused（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）2.MyfathergoesbacktoNanjingfortheSpringFestivaleveryyear________lastyearbecausehewasbusywithhisworkinChangzhou.A.including B.since C.except D.till（2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）33.Ourcountryhasa__________(骄傲的)recordofsportingachievement.（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）12.TheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecharacter.It________bypeopleofallages.A.isloved B.wasloved C.willlove D.isloving（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）13.—IhearthatyoutookpartinaforestcleanupactivitylastSunday.—Yes,it________byourschoolgreenclubtoprotectforests.A.organizes B.organized C.wasorganized D.willbeorganized（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）8.WearethattheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworld.A.friendlyB.braveC.nervousD.proud（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）12.UNICEF,partoftheUnitedNations,________inEuropein1946afterWorldWarII.A.setup B.wassetup C.tookupD.wastakenup（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）64.Jiangsuautomatic(自动化)testoflisteningandspeaking_______(hold)inAprileveryyear.一、词汇拼写1.TheInternetmakesthe（传播）ofinformationbeequickerandquicker.2.Therearemanybeautifulflowersinourschool,（尤其）inAprilandMay.3.Modernmedicineisdevelopingsoquicklythatmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbe___.(makeanillnessgoaway).4.DrWanghas（cutaperson’sbodyopentotakeoutorrepair）onthreepeoplewitharmproblemssince6a.m.5.Theweathersuddenlybecameverycold,sothereweremany（peoplewhoareill,especiallyinhospital）inthathospital.6.AsaChinese,Iamvery_________(自豪的)oftheprosperity(繁荣)ofourmotherland.7.Ihaven'tsavedenoughmoney,soIcan't______________togoabroadthissummer.8.Shehada_________(检查)ontheguestlistagainandagaintomakesureofthenumberofpeopleintheparty.9.Pleaseaskthe___________(秘书)tomyoffice.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellthem.10..Ithinkeveryoneshouldhavetherighttoreceivegood(教育).11.Pleasepassmethe_________(采访者)namestome.Iwanttoknowaboutthem.12.Chinesepeoplehopetogetbetter_____________(医疗的)treatmentinthenearfuture.13.Manychildrencan’tgotoschool,__________(mainly)inmountainareas.14.Thecoursecoversmanytopics,____________theknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(包括)15.Thankyoufor________（动手术）onthemonthephone.16.Most_______（illness）canbecuredbythosedoctors.17、Thedoctorsdidn’tknowwhatcausedtheoldman’s（失明）.18.Hesayshiscountrywantsto________________(发展)itsfriendshipwithChina.19.Insomecountries,blackpeopledon’thavethesame(权利)aswhites.20.Weshouldtreateveryone_______.(平等地)21.IloveYangzhou,____________(尤其是)inspring.22.Someonehasleftawindowopen____________(粗心大意).23.Allthekidsweresurprisedwhentheyheardthatacowhasfour__________.(胃)24.Howlonghaveyou____________(借)thebook?25.Heispatientenoughto___________(解释)thethingtous.26.Theyhavejusthada______________(discuss)aboutwheretospendtheirholidays.27.Whentheguestenteredthehall,MrsSmithstoodupandgreetedhim________(polite).28.Hewassotiredoutthathefoundhimself________（able）tomoveoutofthehotel.29.Livingtogetherwithmyfriendswasagreat__________.(pleasant)30.Somehusbandscarelessabouttheir______(wife)feelingsandseldomhelpthemdohousework.二、动词填空1.The29th

Olympics__________inBeijingnextyear.

(willhold)2.Ithinkhe__________thisworktomorrowmorning.

(finish)3.Thisbuilding_________inzoo.

(build)4.Doyouknowwho___________thetelephone?

(invent)5.Theytoldme__________earliertomorrow.

(e)6.Theboyisoftenseen__________baseballbyus.

(play)7.Look!Thestudents___________thestreet.

(cross)8.Listen!Agirlisheard__________inthenextroom.

(sing)Unit8重点词汇和句型InSwitzerland,thingslikeglass,plasticandpaperareseparatedintodifferentgroupsandthenrecycled.beseparatedinto意为“被分成”；separate......from意为“把......和......分开/分离”例如：Mymotherisseparatingthegoodapplesfromthebadones.Someoftheclothesaresoldincharityshops,somearegiventothepoor,andothersaresenttofactoriesforrecycling.sendsthtosb=sendsbsth意为“把某物寄/送给某人”例如：Hesentapresenttoheryesterday=Hesentherapresentyesterday.3、Forexample,wearenotallowedtocutdowntrees.（P108）=1\*GB3①example“例子，榜样，模范”；forexample“例如”，giveagoodexampletoothers为别人树立好榜样。=2\*GB3②allow意为“允许”，allowsbtodosth:允许某人做某事；allowdoingsth:允许做某事例如：Theydon'tallowstudentstowearearrings.Hedoesn'tallowfishinghere.cutdown“砍伐，砍倒，缩短”cutoff切除，割掉，剪下cutout裁剪cutup切碎4、Wedependonitsrichresourcestolive,soitisimportantforustoprotectitwisely.dependon意为“依赖，依靠，取决于”例如：Alllivingthingsdependonthesunfortheirgrowth.万物生长靠太阳。5、Luckily,wearestartingtousetheenergyfromthesun,wind,andwater.luckily意为“幸运的是，所幸的是”，是副词，其反义词是：unluckily,意为“不幸地”；luck意为“机会，运气，机遇”是不可数名词；lucky意为“幸运的，走好运的”例如：Luckily,theweatherwasnottoohot.6、Thesenewtypesofenergycostverylittleandwillneverrunout.=1\*GB3①runout表示“用完，耗尽”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间，食物，金钱等；runoutofsth.表示“用完......,耗尽......”是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。例如：Eddie'sfoodsoonranout.Susanhasrunoutofhoneyfortea.7、Moreover,theyproducelittleduce做动词，意为“制作，制造”8、Whatdotheydowitholdclothes?dowith意为“处理，处置”，常与疑问词what连用，侧重与对某事物的利用或处置。dealwith意为“对付，处理”，多与疑问词how连用，强调处理某事物的方式、方法。例如：Whatwillyoudowithmyoldbooks?Howdidyoudealwiththeproblems?9、Ifwedonotacttoimprovetheenvironment,morelivingthingswillbekilledbypollution.（P114）act是不及物动词，意为“行动”；action是名词，意为“行动”例如：Wemustactnowtoprotectthewildlife.区分alive,living,live,livelyalive活着的，作表语时，修饰人或物均可，这时可与living互换；作定语时应后置。living活着的，主要作前置定语，也可作表语。theliving意为“活着的人”。live活的；直播的；作定语一般修饰物。lively活泼的，生机勃勃的；既可做表语，也可做定语，修饰人或物均可。10、Herearetheresultsofthesurvey.survey意为“调查”，是可数名词11、Airpollutionisharmfultoourhealth.harmful意为“有害的”，其反义词是harmless(无害的)。beharmfulto=bebadfor意为“对......有害”beharmlessto:对......无害例如：WatchingTVtoomuchisharmfultoyoureyesight.Youcaneatthiskindofvegetable.It'sharmless.12、Coal,oilandnaturalgasisnotonlyusefulforfamilies,buthaveawideruseforfactories.notonly......but(also),意为“不仅......而且......"，它连接两个结构相似，语法功能相同的成分。该短语连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词与butalso之后的主语保持一致。例如：NotonlyhebutalsoIamgoodatEnglish.13、Asaresult,itisveryimportantforustousethemwise.asaresult,是副词短语，意为“结果，因此”其后接表示事情结果的句子。asaresultof是介词短语，意为“因为，由于”，其后常接表示原因的名词、代词等，相当于becauseof。例如：Susangotuplatethismorning.Asaresult,shemissedthefirstbus.Thepoorboywaslateasaresultof/becauseoftheheavytrafficjam.14、Followthesesmallsteps,andyoucanmakeabigdifferencetotheEarth......step意为“步骤，措施”，是可数名词。15、Inordertosavepower,weshouldturnoffthelightswhenweleavearoom.inorderto意为“目的是，为了”，其后接动词原形。inorderto常与sothat或不定式进行同义句转换。例如:Lindaarrivedearlyinordertogetagoodseat.=Lindaarrivedearlysothatshecouldgetagoodseat.=Togetagoodseat,Lindaarrivedearly.16、Followthesesmallsteps,andyoucanmakeabigdifferencetotheEarth.makeadifferenceto意为“对......产生影响”例如：workinghardcouldmakeabigdifferencetoourlives.（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）54.幸运的是，这场大火被及时扑灭了。_______________________________________________________（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）5.Tomaketheenvironmentmuchbetter,moretrees________nextyear.A.plant B.willplant C.areplanted D.willbeplanted（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）9.Thewindenergycostsverylittleandwillnever________.Besides,itproduceslittlepollution.A.blowout B.runout C.putout D.breakout（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）12.Theenergyfromthesunandthewindcostslittleandwillnever________.A.turnout B.putout C.cutout D.runout（2022·江苏苏州·中考真题）35.It’snecessaryforteenagerstolearnhowtospendtheirpocketmoney_________（明智地）.（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）56.Naturalresourcesareveryimportantforusandweshouldusethem____________（明智地）.（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）46.Followthesesmall________,andyoucanmakeabigdifferencetotheEarth!一、单项选择1.—Wouldyoumind______themusicalittle?Don’tyouthinkit’stooloud?—Sorry!I’lldoitinaminute.A.turningon B.turningoff C.turningup D.turningdown2.—HowmuchisthetickettoCentralPark?—Aonewayticket_____$40,andyoucan_____another$20foraroundtrip.A.costs,pay B.cost,spend C.pay,spend D.spends,pay3.—Doyouknowwhyhedidn't______awordwhenhe______to?—Becausehewastoonervous.A.speak,speaks B.say,wasspokenC.say,spoke D.speak,isspoken4.Theheavysnowdidn’ttheinternationalairlinesA.payattentiontoB.addto C.makeadifferencetoD.keepto5.Myparentsgettingupearlyonweekdays.A.usedto B.beusedtoC.wasusedtoD.areusedto6.Whatwillyoudowiththewastepaper?Thewastepaperaswellastheusedbooks_______totherecyclingpany.A.isgoingtosendB.aregoingtosendC.isgoingtobesentD.aregoingtobesent7.Tomandhisparentswillhelpusworkinthepark.That’sgreat.Ifmorepeopletakepart,theparkwillbe________inashortertime.A.cleanedoutB.cleaneddownC.cleanedupD.cleanedaway8.Chinaisacountrywith_______resources.That’strue.ButChinaisalsoacountrywiththelargestnumberofpeople.A.richB.poorC.highD.low9.Afterthesportsmeeting,therearesomanywaterbottlesinthedustbin.Soourclubwillstartaprojecttocollectthemsothattheywillbe_______.A.repliedB.returnC.reduceD.reused10.Sir,didyouseethesign“NoParking”?Sorry,Ididn’tknowparkingisn’t_________here.A.preventedB.refusedC.allowedD.excepted11.Areportsaysthattheworld’snaturalgasdeposits(存储)_______earlyinthenextcentury.A.willrunoutB.willberunoutC.willuseupD.willbecleanedup12.WhichofthefollowingactionsisNOTpartofgreenlife?A.Burningrubbishintheopenair.B.PlantingtreesinspringC.Walkingorridingbikestoschool.D.Takingashoppingbasketwhengoingshopping.13.Hisparentsfound_______totellhimeverythingthathadhappened.A.itnecessaryB.thatnecessaryC.thisnecessaryD.necessary14.—Doyouknowifhe_____backtomorrow?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.Ifhe_____back,Iwilltellyouatonce.A.es;es B.es;willeC.wille;es D.wille;wille15.—Letmehelpyoucarrythebox,Granny.—Thankyou,LiPing.It’sverykind__________you__________me.A.of;tohelp B.for;tohelp C.of;helping D.for;tohelping16.Wehavediscussedtheprojectfortwohours.Andafterashortbreak,thediscussion________.A.willcarryonB.willbecarriedonC.hascarriedonD.werecarriedon17.Whenthefirestarted,Tomwas________tohelpallthechildrenout.Heisbothbraveandsmart.A.toocalmB.calmenoughC.toonervousD.nervousenough18.Howsoonwillthesewastebottlesberecycled?_______.Wehavecalledtherecyclingpany.A.AnhouragoB.InanhourC.AfteranhourD.Foranhour19._____isreallyhard______themtoclimbsuchahighmountain.A.This;toB.It;toC.This;forD.It;for20.IfIworkhardatmylessonsfromnowon,canIdowellinthem?Sure.________.A.Allriversrunintothesea.B.EverydayisnotSunday.C.BetterlatethanneverD.Manyhandsmakelightwork二、词汇拼写1.Drinkingwaterwith__________________（塑料）cupsaffectsourhealth.2.Heworkedhardandworkedouta_____________________（认真的）planforthisproject.3.Livingagreenlifecanhelp__________________（减少）pollution.4.Coalis________________（挖掘）upfromtheground.Itprovidesenergyforus.5.The_________（调查）ismadetofindouthowmuchpressureteenagersaresufferingatpresent.6.Whatdoyouknowaboutour___________________（组织）?7.Johndoeseverything______________（粗心）,sohismotherisalwaysworriedabouthim.8.Wasteis_________________（分开）intodifferentgroupsinsomecountries.9.Smokingtoomuchis_________________（有害的）toourhealth.Bettergiveitup.10.Thebottomoftheseaisrichinoil__________________（资源）．11.Canyoutellthe___________________betweenthetwopictures（different）?12.Peoplecanbuysomething____________________fromasecondhandshop.（use）13.Beforeyouleave,makesurethatallthewindows__________________(close).14.Inordertomakelivingareasbetter,moretreesneed___________(plant)15.Howboringitis_________________(listen)tosuchauselessreport!16.Wewon’thaveaclearskyifairpollutionisnot_________________(limit).17._______________hasbeenmoreandmorepopularinourdailylives.(recycle)18.Remembertoturnoffthelightwhen______________theroom.(leave)19.Ourschoollooks_________________withmorebambooaroundit.(nice)20.Ithinktheenergyfromthesunwon’t_________________.(handout)U7U8核心语法讲解一、被动语态的基本结构：be+动词的过去分词各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/were+done现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+beendone一般将来时will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedone二、主动语态和被动语态的转换1.主动语态变为被动语态=1\*GB3①要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。=2\*GB3②把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。=3\*GB3③谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态=1\*GB3①谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语；=2\*GB3②若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；=3\*GB3③若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for；Shegavemeabook.(变为被动语态)Iwasgivenabookbyher.（间接宾语me改为了主语）Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接宾语abook改为了主语）3.动词短语变为被动语态许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.4.to的“前世今生”在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主动语态）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被动语态）▲有这种用法的常用动词有：一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动语态to还原。seesbdosth（主动语态）sbbeseentodo（被动语态）一感二听三使（使役动词）四看feelhear、listentomake、let、have（马兰花）see、watch、notice、observe5.初中阶段不使用被动语态的情况A.系动词无被动Thedishtastesdelicious.Theapplesmellssweet.B.某些说明名词本身性质的动词。如wash,write,sell,readTheplayreadsbetterthanitacts.Thiskindofclothwasheswell.(耐洗)Thepenwritessmoothly写起来流利。Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.“sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来…..”作及物动词为“卖、出售”）C.Need+Ving“需要被….”Mycarneedsrepairing.我的车需要修理D.Too…to句型Theboxistooheavytolife.E.不及物动词appear,disappear,fail,happen,last,remain,spread,breakout,etrue,takeplace,belongto,rise等比较rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.6.系表结构PK被动语态有些“be+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”eg:（1）

（2）一、单项选择()1.Thesechildrenare________fromthecity.A.mostlyB.mostC.mainlyD.main()2.Asadoctor,youshouldbepatient_______allthepatients.A.inB.withC.onD.of()3.—Dad，Iwasthefirsttoreachthetopofthehill.—Goodjob,Mary.I’m_______ofyou.A.afraidB.proudC.tiredD.careful()4.Weshould________goodeatinghabits.A.growB.developC.increaseD.find()5.Thegovernmentwantsto_______aschoolforthepoorchildren.A.putoffB.setupC.callinD.lookafter()6.EarthDay_______in1970totellustoprotectourplanet.A.setsupB.setupC.issetupD.wassetup()7.Eachyearquitealotoffood________aroundtheworld.A.waswastedB.iswastedC.wastedD.willbewasted()8.Mum,I’mhungrynow_________Ididn’thavebreakfastthismorning.A.becauseB.becauseofC.andD.but()9.—Shallwegoforapicnictomorrow?—Well,itall_________theweather.A.belongstoB.happenstoC.dependsonD.concentrateson()10.YesterdayI_________allthesalttocookdumplings.Ineedtobuysomenow.A.ateupB.runoutofC.ranofD.ranoutof()11.Whenwillthebirthdayparty________,onMondayeveningorTuesdayevening?A.holdB.beheldC.heldD.beholding()12.You’dbettertakethemapwithyou_________youwon’tgetlost.A.aslongasB.assoonasC.nowthatD.sothat()13.—WhenshouldIhandinmypaper?—Yourpapermust__________assoonasthebell___________.A.handin;ringsB.handin;willringC.behandedin;willringD.behandedin;rings()14.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.A.willputonB.willbeputonC.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon()15.—Ourclassroom____________everyday.—Soitis.It'sourdutytokeepitcleanandtidy.A.cleansB.iscleaningC.iscleanedD.cleaning二、动词填空1.一Sam,you (watch)TVagain!Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?—Ofcourse,Mum;orIwon^turnontheTV..2.Don’trisk (lose)yourjob.Youknow,itisnoteasytofindagoodonenow.3.TheBrowns (tie)somestickstothetreeswhenIwalkedintotheirgarden.4.It'sthousandsofyearssincetheGreatWall (build).Howamazing!5.一DearMom,I (grow)up.Pleasedon'ttreatmelikeachildanylonger.—OK,Iwon’tpromise.6.AsArtificialIntelligence（人工智能）develops,life(change)greatlyinthefuture.7.You’renotlate.You’renotearly.Lifeisaboutwaitingfortherightmoment.(act)So,relax.8.InthefilmWrestingDad,fathersaidtohisdaughter,“Beforeyou(fight),youneedtofightwithyourfear.”三、完成句子1.校长已经下定决心提供更多的艺术课程给学生选择。Theprincipalmoreartlessonsforstudentstochoosefrom.2.那女孩在公共场合那样表达自己是不够明智的。Itwasnot inthatwayinpublic.3我表弟习惯于一个人坐火车旅行，他觉得这是一种享受。 Mycousin bytrainandheenjoysitverymuch.4.梵高作品展出两个星期了，可我还没机会去参观。ThepaintingsofVanGogh fortwoweeks,butIdidn'tgetachancetogo.5.弗恩很伤心，因为几个月之后小猪威尔伯就被送到另一个农场了。FinnwasverysadbecauseWilbur justafewmonthslater.6.智慧教育工程将会对我们未来的学习产生巨大影响。TheProjectSmartEducationwill ourfuturestudy.【2023年南京市玄武区中考一模英语试题】一、单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.Pleasereadthepoemontheright.Whichwordisthemostsuitablefor________?ASpringMorningByMengHaoranThisspringmorninginbedI’mlying,Nottoawaketillbirdsarecrying.Afteronenightofwindand▲,Howmanyarethefallenflowers?A.rains B.storms C.snows D.showers2.—Everythinghedoesis________towhatisconsiderednormal.—Althoughhelooksalittledifferent,hehasachievedalotinthemathfield.A.similar B.relative C.opposite D.close3.Thecouplewho________presentedwiththeawardModelCouplewillgiveaspeechontheirlife.A.is B.are C.have D.has4.—________you’rebreathing!Youmusthaverunhere.—Yes.IhadtorunbecauseIdidn’twanttokeepyouwaiting.A.Whatheavy B.Howheavy C.Howheavily D.Whatheavily5.—Hurryup,Jason!We’regoingtothecinema,buttheclothesstillneed________.—Don’tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutes________enough.A.washing;are B.towash;are C.towash;is D.washing;is6.________thepeoplel