考点09 被动语态（核心考点精讲精练）高考英语一轮复习考点帮新高考

考点09被动语态（核心考点精讲精练）1.高考真题考点分布考点题型谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致年份试卷类型考点考向语法填空20242024·新课标I卷___60_walks__(walk)一般现在时与主谓一致2024·新课标II卷__38_were_(be);_41_bebuilt__(build)一般过去时与主谓一致；被动语态2024·全国乙卷__44_were__(be)一般过去时与主谓一致2024·全国北京卷___13gives___(give)一般现在时与主谓一致2024·年浙江1月42_havestarted(start)现在完成时与主谓一致20232023·新课标I卷//2023·新课标II卷___65wished__(wish)一般过去时2023·全国乙卷wasamazed;means;一般过去时与主谓一致，一般现在时与主谓一致2023·全国甲卷//2023·年北京卷wouldthrow13.hadarrivedhasestablished一般将来时；过去完成时；现在完成时与主谓一致2023·年浙江1月featured一般过去时20222022·新课标I卷were;isdesigned一般过去时与主谓一致；一般现在时表达语态与主谓一致2022·新课标II卷wasfixing43.threw过去进行时与主谓一致；一般过去时2022·全国乙卷addressed一般过去时2022·全国甲卷haswalked现在完成时与主谓一致2022·年北京卷caught;has;一般过去时；一般现在时与主谓一致；现在完成时与主谓一致hasincreased2022·年浙江1月isviewed或hasbeenviewedare；havepromised一般现在时被动语态与主谓一致；主谓一致；现在完成时被动语态与主谓一致2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于被动语态的考查共计3次，主要考查：1.一般现在时的被动语态；2.一般过去时的被动语态；3.现在完成时的被动语态。【备考策略】1.掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；2.掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；3.掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；4.掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。3.【命题预测】预计2025年高考语法填空中谓语动词语态仍将是考查的重点和难点，会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。必备基础知识：被动语态（PassiveVoice）是高考英语的一个重要语法项目。构成形式为“be+P.P.（过去分词）”。是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动意义。如:Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)01被动语态基本形式和意义被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式为（以do为例）：时体现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone进行is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone被动语态的特殊结构形式(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词Somethingmustbedonetostopthewaterfrombeingpolluted.必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。(2)“get＋过去分词”式被动语态在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。Someglassesgotbrokenwhenweweremoving.我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。几种主动变被动的规则（1）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（间接宾语为主语）Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（直接宾语为主语，需加介词to）（2）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.（3）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.（4）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.(介词off不能遗漏)当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。Peoplesaidhewasasmartboy.可变为：eq\o\ac(○,1)Itwassaidthathewasasmartboy.eq\o\ac(○,2)Hewassaidtobeasmartboy(2)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:类似句型有:Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat...02不能用被动语态的几种情况：（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belongto等。（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,___40inspired___(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,___41___(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.1.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】Lookingahead,themuseumsouvenirmarketinChina50(expect)tocontinuegrowing.2.（2023年人大附中高三试题）Theywerefixedonanironplatewithframesinacertainsequence.Theninkwaspaintedandapieceofpaperwaslaiddown.Aprintedsheet(create)thisway.（最新模拟试题演练）1.【安徽省蚌埠市皖北私立联考2023-2024学年高三下学期期中】AsatraditionalChineseholiday,theSpringFestival15（characterize）byfamilyreunionsandwishesforprosperityintheupcomingyear.2.【2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三下学期二模考试】Besides,thealgaecan29(harvest)andusedtoproducefuel.Therefore,thebuildinguseslessenergyandreducesthedamagetotheenvironmentbygeneratingitsownrenewableenergy.3.（湖北省新高考部分学校2023年高三质检）Afterthemedalceremony,thenewOlympicchampion(invite)toapressconferenceroomtospeaktothemedia.4.【2024届贵州省遵义市高三下学期第二次模拟测试】Chinesesauerkraut,apicklewhich3(make)ofChinesecabbage,isatraditionalspecialtyofthenortheasternregionandisnowsoldaroundthecountry4exportedoverseas.5.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】Attheheartoftheexhibition,GirlonaSwing5(surround)byblock-colorpaintingsandarecreatedgrassyarea,reflectingtheartist’sinnerworldwithcolorsofgoldencornfields,shiningsun,andexpansivegreeneryspreadingout.6.【2024届四川省攀枝花市高三下学期第三次统一考试】AIiscausinghugechallengestoexam6(equal).Itisthebiggestdestructorsincecalculators7(allow)intomathtestsseveralyearsago.7.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】Attheageof6,shestartedtohelphermothertomakeSuembroideryitems,allofwhich29(sell)tosupportthefamily.8.【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】Thepreciselocationsoftheshipwrecksandtheassociatedculturalrelics36(determine)throughtheuseofoceanographictechnologyandunderwaterinvestigationsinvolvingmannedsubmersibles,whichconducted41divesthroughouttheyear,asconfirmedbySongJianzhong,37researcherattheNationalCenterforArchaeology.9.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】Beforethenewdiscovery,thefishingandhunting45(know)tobemainactivitiesinHongshanancestors’life.10.【2024届广东省佛山市禅城区高三下学期统一调研测试】Recentlyshe4(launch)sixCitywalkroutesindifferentcitiesonhersocialmediaaccount,aimingtooffervisitors5experienceto“walkinopen-airmuseums.”11.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Uponreturn,Huang8(appoint)chiefscientistofChina’sbiggestdeepearthexplorationprogram.12.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】Cleaningmustbedonebeforetheholiday,46(typical)inJanuaryorFebruary,sincesweepingafterthefestivities47(see)asremovinggoodluck.13.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“I’mjustwaiting.Itrustmyteam.Oncethedecision52(make),Iwillrevieweverything.Twoyearswouldbelong,inthecaseofoneyearImightsee.14.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】Itsterracedfieldsfollow3landformofthemountains,atheightsrangingfrom300to1,200metersabovesealevel.Sofar,fromswiftlyflowingrivervalleystomist-coveredmountains,denseforestsandsteepcliffs,whereverthereiswaterandsoil,terraces4(dig).15.【2024届辽宁省重点高中协作校联考高三下学期4月高考模拟】Porcelainisthecreativefruitof8workingpeopleofancientChina.SincetheHanandTangDynasties,porcelain9(export)worldwide.16.（2023年山东省实验中学高三模拟）Thecrosstalkrealizesitsartisticpresentationbymeansofimitation,talking,teasing,andsinging.Thejokes(hide)inthebaofu,or“package”.17.（2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三）TheImperialResort(list)inthedirectoryoftheworld’sculturalheritagesin1994.18.（2023年黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三）Anumberofshortfilms(upload)todateinJiangsuProvinceandFuzhou.【2024·山东青岛·三模】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Lhasa,thesecondmostpopulousurbanareaontheTibetanPlateau,hasbeentheadministrativecapitalofTibetsincethemid-17thcentury.Ifyou’veeverhadthechance41(visit)it,therearemanyplacesyou.42(simple)cannotmiss.TheJokhangTempleisliketheultimatehotspotforpilgrims(朝圣者),43totalmusttosee.ItstandsasoneofthemostappealingsitesinTibetasit44(house)thestatueofShakyamuniBuddhathat’smorethan2,500yearsold,withtonsofpeople45(look)around.Thetemplesurroundingshavebecomequitecommercializedovertheyears.TheBarkhorStreet,46allhightechhasbeenusedtocreateagoodatmosphere,isapopularplacefor47(local)andnowfortourists.ThelocalcrewteamedupwiththebrainiacsfromtheChineseAcademyofSciencesandbuiltthiswirelessstreetlampnetwork.Nomore48(mess)wiresruiningyourviewsonowyoucanbecomecompletelyinvolvedinthescenery49anythingthatturnsyourattentionaway.Youcanfindmanysurroundingsitesattractiveandgetalmosteverythinghere:beautifulobjects,aconstantstreamoftouristsandsomeseriouslypassionatepilgrims.Allthisis50makesthisplaceamagicalone-of-a-kinddestination.2024年1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,___40___(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,___41___(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.2.【2024北京卷】OnApril5,2024,JohnTinniswood___15___(name)theworld’soldestlivingman.3.【2024浙江1月卷】However,thoughit’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes____41____(offer)insmallerpacks.Eventhebiggestsausagefandoesn’twanttoeatthemeveryday.2023年1.【2023年全国甲卷】Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill____50____(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.2.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizensofhighersocialclasses59(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】TheGPNP__________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”.2.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travellingtoconferences,lectures,wo