专题37任务型阅读

专题37任务型阅读（解析版）了解中考任务型阅读真题的出题方向和主要考点通过模拟题的训练进一步了解任务型阅读的做题方法中考任务型阅读分值一般为10分或者5分，一空一分。一般分为两种形式考察：①阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填一个单词。②阅读以上信息，用恰当的单词完成下面的短文，每空一词。任务型阅读一般的解题思路：“审题”→“略读”→“边细读边解题”→“复核”1、“审题”，即看清题目及要求，做到有的放矢，心中有数。2、“略读”，这里指的是快速阅读、掌握大意。在做题前要快速扫视一下文章的大意，了解阅读材料的基本信息、语篇的文体类型，如记叙文、议论文还是说明文，作者的写作目的与态度等，为下一步完成任务作铺垫。3、“边细读边解题”，指通过细读题目和文章中相关信息完成指定任务。在此步骤，应注意以下解题技巧：注意表格前的小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句，有助于理解文章。理解表格设计，表格一般包括列标题和行标题，通过阅读这些标题和表格里的内容，可迅速了解表格的结构和表格的设计原理。同时也可缩小信息范围，确定考察内容。根据已填的内容来推断所填之词的形式，是单词或词组。填写答案是注意工整对称性，要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致。比如：是ing都用ing,是名词都用名词。同时要注意时态、语态、句式等，避免出现错误。4、“复核”，即检查核对初步完成的所要求的任务。通常做法是全部填完后，把文章看一遍，检查所填之词是否符合文章内容，答题是否符合规范，拼写是否正确以及大小写等。任务型阅读的三大题型：1．直接信息题这类题目要求考生能快速在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词来填空。2．信息转换题这类题型无法从原文中找到原词或完全一样的原句，这需要我们对文章进行加工或变通。这些变通大多与语法知识有关，也有些与短语搭配和固定句型有关。3．信息概括题这类题目难度大、要求高、得分低，考生要在透彻理解文章的基础上，根据文中相关信息综合分析后提炼出新词。此类题目主要分为两种类型：(1)总结性词汇。设题大多数情况下是概括文章的标题、段落大意、事件过程、文章的目的、意义以及得出的结论等。解题关键eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①寻找文章或段落的主旨句,②根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西))(2)归纳词。有的题目在原文中可能找不到具体的信息句。这就要求我们首先要确定信息区域，然后对该区域进行认真地分析归纳。解题关键eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①概括性在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息,②针对性量体裁衣，大小适度,③醒目性简洁))解任务型阅读题时应注意的几个问题：1．字母的大小写。（尤其是表格左侧的单词或者每一句话的开头第一个单词）2．名词的数和格。（名词在上下文中需要用到的复数或者所有格形式）3．动词的形式。（动词三种非谓语形式）4．形容词、副词的比较级、最高级。（比较级和最高级不规则的变形方式以及原级比较）5．动词或名词与介词的习惯搭配。（同义短语中介词的替换）6．时态、语态、主谓一致等。（时态的转变、主动语态变成被动语态、主语和谓语达到一致的就近或者就远原则）7．格式一致。（表格内容的同一级要用相同的形式）同义词以及词和词组的转换： 1.beginatthebeginningof2.nowayimpossible3.helpwiththehelpof4.needsthsthinneed5.graduationleaveschool6.nootherwaytheonlyway7.reducestressfeellessstressed8.neverunpopularpopular9.overgobeyond10.don’tdo/avoiddoing11.don’tdorefusetodo12.efrombebasedon13.remembersthsthinone’shearts/minds14.internationalabroad15.takenoticeofpayattentionto16.AcauseBBistheresultofA17.offersbsth/offersthtosb;providesbwithsth/providesthforsb18.cost和expensive/cheap(sthcostalot/alittle)19.if和whether(用whether不用if的四种情况：放在介词后面；位于句首；后面加todo;和ornot连用)20.exciting和excited(修饰人用ed,修饰事物用ing)21.representstandfor22.valuablebeofvalue23.runoutbeusedup(被动)24.influencehaveaninfluenceonsth.25.takeanactivepartintakepartinsth.actively（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）任务型阅读阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填一个单词。John:Hello,ChatGPT!I’mJohn.Whatcanyoudotohelppeople?Forexample,improvetheirEnglish?ChatGPT:AsanAI(人工智能)languagemodel,IcandomanythingstohelppeopleimprovetheirEnglish.Icanofferadviceongrammarandvocabulary,helpwithpronunciationandprovidefeedback(反馈)onwrittenorspokenEnglish.What’smore,IcantakepartinconversationwithpeopleinEnglishwhichcanhelpthempracticetheirlanguageskillsinterestinglyandnaturally.WouldyoulikemetohelpyouwithanyproblemsofyourEnglish?John:No,notatthemoment.ThatsoundsevenmorepowerfulthansomeEnglishteachers.Sodoyouthinkyou’llreplace(替代)somehumanbeingsinsomeareas,suchasEnglishteachers,newsreportersorpeoplewhodocustomerservicework?ChatGPT:No.Idon’tthinkIcanreplacethempletely.ThoughIcanprovideusefulhelpinmanyareas,Iamstillamachineandtherearethingsonlyhumanbeingscando.Englishteaching,newsreportingandservingarefarmorethanskills.Theyarealsoaboutfeelings,thoughts,culturesandsoon.However,IbelievethatIcanbeavaluabletooltosupportandimprovetheworkofhumanbeingsinthesefields.Byworkingtogether,betterresultscanbeachievedtothoseweserve.John:Great.Ilikeyourideas.Somynextquestionis,whatadvicewouldyougivetohumanbeingsinordertobebetterpreparedforthefuture?ChatGPT:Goodquestion,John.Hereareafewpiecesofadviceforpeopletothinkabout.First,developthinkingability.Inaword,insteadofcopyingothers’ideas,youshouldhaveyourownthoughts.Next,learntoworktogetherwithmachines.Don’tbeafraidofAI,it’simportanttoknowhowtoworktogetherwithmachinestoimproveyourownabilities.Then,developskillsonlyhumanbeingshave,likecreativity,andempathy(共情).Fourth,keeplearningandchanging.Theworldischangingfastandit’simportanttostayuptodatewiththelatestdevelopmentsintechnologyandotherfields.Ihopethesetipsarehelpful,John.TherelationshipbetweenChatGPTandhumanbeingstoChatGPT’seyeChatGPTcanhelphumanbeingsinseverAIways,includingEnglishlearning.ChatGPTwon’treplacehumanbeings___46___,forthefollowingreasons.Peoplecan___47___severalsuggestionsfromChatGPTandkeeplearningandimproving.*Offeradviceongrammarandvocabulary.*Helpwithpronunciation.*Givefeedbackon___48___spokenandwrittenEnglish.*HaveconversationwithpeopleinEnglishtohelppeopleimprovelanguageskillsinafunand___49___way.*ChatGPTcanprovideusefulhelp,___50___itisstillamachine.Therearethingsonlyhumanbeingscando.Theyare___51___skills.Theyarealsoaboutfeelings,thoughts,culturesandsoon.*Workingtogetherwithhumanbeings,wecan___52___betterresults.*Developcriticalthinking.That’stosay,don’tcopyothers’ideas,havetheirownthoughts___53___.*Don’tbeafraidofAIandimprovetheirownabilitiesby___54___togetherwithAI.*Developskills___55___creativityandempathywhichonlyhumanbeingsown.*Alwayskeepupwiththelatestdevelopments.【答案】46.pletely47.get48.both49.natural50.but51.beyond52.achieve53.instead54.working55.like【解析】本文主要介绍约翰和ChatGPT的对话。【46题详解】根据“Sodoyouthinkyou’llreplace(替代)somehumanbeingsinsomeareas,suchasEnglishteachers,newsreportersorpeoplewhodocustomerservicework?”和“Idon’tthinkIcanreplacethempletely.”可知，ChatGPT不能完全取代一些人，故填pletely。【47题详解】根据“whatadvicewouldyougivetohumanbeingsinordertobebetterpreparedforthefuture”和后文内容可知，是人类从ChatGPT那里获得的建议，故填get。【48题详解】根据“Icanofferadviceongrammarandvocabulary,helpwithpronunciationandprovidefeedback(反馈)onwrittenorspokenEnglish.”可知，ChatGPT可以提供语法和词汇方面的建议，帮助发音，并提供书面或口语方面的反馈。both...and...符合语境，故填both。【49题详解】根据“IcantakepartinconversationwithpeopleinEnglishwhichcanhelpthempracticetheirlanguageskillsinterestinglyandnaturally”可知，我可以用英语与人交谈，这可以帮助他们有趣而自然地练习他们的语言技能，此处用形容词natural作定语，故填natural。【50题详解】根据“ThoughIcanprovideusefulhelpinmanyareas,Iamstillamachineandtherearethingsonlyhumanbeingscando.”可知，虽然ChatGPT可以在许多领域提供有用的帮助，但仍然是一台机器，有些事情只有人类才能做。前后构成转折关系，故填but。【51题详解】根据“Englishteaching,newsreportingandservingarefarmorethanskills.Theyarealsoaboutfeelings,thoughts,culturesandsoon.”可知，英语教学、新闻报道和服务远远超过技能。它们也涉及感情、思想、文化等等。beyond“超过”符合语境，故填beyond。【52题详解】根据“Byworkingtogether,betterresultscanbeachievedtothoseweserve.”可知，通过共同努力，我们所服务的对象可以取得更好的成果。achieve“取得”，can后用动词原形。故填achieve。【53题详解】根据“First,developthinkingability.Inaword,insteadofcopyingothers’ideas,youshouldhaveyourownthoughts.”可知，培养思维能力，不要抄袭别人的想法，你应该有自己的想法。instead“反而”符合语境，故填instead。【54题详解】根据“Don’tbeafraidofAI,it’simportanttoknowhowtoworktogetherwithmachinestoimproveyourownabilities.”可知，不要害怕人工智能，重要的是要知道如何与机器合作来提高你自己的能力。by是介词，其后加动名词作宾语。故填working。【55题详解】根据“developskillsonlyhumanbeingshave,likecreativity,andempathy(共情)”可知，培养只有人类才有的技能，比如创造力和同理心，此处在举例，like“比如”符合语境，故填like。（2023·江苏无锡·中考真题）六、阅读填空先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在文章后表格的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词。每个空格只能填一个单词。Tosupporttheemployment(就业)ofdisabledpeopleinGuangzhou,Starbuckshasopeneditsfirst“SilentCafé”inChinawherealmosthalfthestaffarehearingimpaired.Fourteenoutofthethirtystaffmembershavetroublehearing,andsoStarbuckshascreatedacaféthatdoesn’trequirecustomerstosayanything—northestafftohearanything.“ThismightbethequietestStarbucksamongtheover3800shopsontheChinesemainland,”saysLeoTsoi,ChiefOperatingOfficerofStarbucks,China.Thenewlyopened“SilentCafé”hasaspecialorderingsystemwhereallfoodanddrinksarenumbered,lettingcustomerseasilywritedowntheirorderandallowingthemtoplaceorderswithouthavingtosayaword.ChenSiting,astaffmembersharesherthoughtsabouttheidea.“Wecannothearyoubutwouldliketoshareatastycoffeewithyou,”saysSiting.“Ibelievemorepeoplelikemecouldfindacareertheydreamaboutinthefuture,”shecontinues.LikeSiting,ZhuJieying,hasbeenworkingatStarbucksforaboutsevenyears,makinghimitsfirsthearingimpairedcoffeemaster.HehashopesthatStarbuckscouldopenmoreopportunities(机遇)forthosewhoaredisabled,andencouragethemtoprovethemselvesandtoexploremorepossibilitiesinlife.Title;Starbucks“SilentCafé”BasicinformationThefirstoneinChinawas___54___inGuangzhou.Almosthalfitsstaffhavehearing___55___Itscustomersplacetheirorderwithouthavingtosayanythingbywritingdowncertain___56___.Staffmembers’thoughtsChenSiting:Morehearingimpairedpeoplelikemecouldfindtheir___57___careerinthefuture.ZhuJieying:Starbuckscould___58___disabledpeoplewithmoreopportunities.【答案】54.opened55.impairment56.numbers57.ideal58.provide【解析】本文介绍了星巴克为给更多有听力障碍的人提供工作，开设了“无声咖啡店”。【54题详解】根据“Starbuckshasopeneditsfirst‘SilentCafé’inChinawherealmosthalfthestaffarehearingimpaired.”可知第一个“无声咖啡店”在广州开业，open表示“开业”，此处用被动语态，动词用过去分词。故填opened。【55题详解】根据“wherealmosthalfthestaffarehearingimpaired.”可知几乎一半的员工都有听力障碍，have后接名词，hearingimpairment表示“听力障碍”。故填impairment。【56题详解】根据“Thenewlyopened‘SilentCafé’hasaspecialorderingsystemwhereallfoodanddrinksarenumbered,lettingcustomerseasilywritedowntheirorderandallowingthemtoplaceorderswithouthavingtosayaword.”可知新开的“无声咖啡馆”有一个特殊的点餐系统，所有的食物和饮料都有编号，让顾客很容易写下他们的订单，让他们不用说一句话就可以下单，number表示“号码”，此处用复数。故填numbers。【57题详解】根据“Ibelievemorepeoplelikemecouldfindacareertheydreamaboutinthefuture,”可知陈思婷相信更多像她一样的人会在未来找到梦想的职业。此空为形容词作定语修饰名词，ideal表示“理想的”。故填ideal。【58题详解】根据“HehashopesthatStarbuckscouldopenmoreopportunities(机遇)forthosewhoaredisabled,andencouragethemloprovethemselvesandtoexploremorepossibilitiesinlife.”可知朱洁莹希望星巴克能够给残疾人提供更多机会，providesbwithsth表示“提供给某人某物”。故填provide。（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）六、任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）ACryingbringsadvantagestobothyourbodyandmind.Itisagoodwaytomakeyoufeellessstressedandcheeryouup.Italsohelpskeepyoureyesclean.Cryingislikegivingyoureyesagoodwashfromtheinside.Moreover,itcanhelpyousleepbetter.Cryingisusuallyconnectedwithemotionslikeangerorsadness.Whenyouarehappy,youmaynotoftenthinkofcrying.Buthaveyoueverheardof“happycrying”?Youmighthaveexperienceditbefore.Scientistshavefoundouthappycryingmayhappeninthefollowingsituations:☆Whenyouhavefeelingsthatcan’tbeexpressedWhenyouhavesomebadfeelingsthathaven’tbeennoticedforalongtime,andtheyarenotallowedtobeexpressed,happycryinghappens.Thatistosay,evenwhenyouexperiencesomethinghappy,thebadfeelingsthathaven’tbeennoticedordealtwithwillstillmakeyoucry.☆WhenyouareunabletokeepyourselfingoodconditionCryingcanhelpyoumanagestrongmoodsorfeelings.Somehappymomentscanalsobringyoustrongfeelingsandyoumayfindithardtocontrolthem,socryingcanbeofhelp.Whenyoucry,itfeelslikeyouaredrivingsomebadorterriblefeelingsawayfromyourbody.Besides,thehormones(激素)intearscanhelptokeepabalancebetweenbodyandmood.Theycancalmyoudownandmakeyoufeelpeaceful.阅读以上信息，用恰当的单词完成下面的短文，每空一词。Cryingisawaytoexpressfeelings.Itmakesyoustaycalm,givesyour___56___agoodwash,andhelpsyouhaveabettersleep.Cryingisoftenconnectedwithangerorsadnessandyou___57___thinkofcryingwhenyouarehappy.Butyoumayhavesuchan___58___called“happycrying”.Happycryinghappenswhensomebadfeelingsare___59___topeoplethemselvesornotdealtwithforalongtime,evenifsomethingpleasanthappenstothem.Andusuallythesefeelingsarenotallowedtobeexpressed.Italsohappenswhenhappymomentsbringstrongfeelingsandyou___60___tocontrolyourselves.Atthatmoment,thehormonesintearscankeepyourbodyandmoodbalanced.【答案】56.eyes57.seldom58.experience59.unknown60.fail【解析】本文主要介绍了哭泣的好处以及什么时候会快乐哭泣。【56题详解】根据“Cryingislikegivingyoureyesagoodwash”可知哭就像从内心好好洗一洗眼睛。故填eyes。【57题详解】根据“Whenyouarehappy,youmaynotoftenthinkofcrying”可知当你快乐的时候，你可能不会经常想起哭泣，即很少会想起哭泣，seldom“很少”。故填seldom。【58题详解】根据“Buthaveyoueverheardof‘happycrying’?Youmighthaveexperienceditbefore”可知是经历过快乐哭泣，an后加名词单数experience“经历”。故填experience。【59题详解】根据“thebadfeelingsthathaven’tbeennoticedordealtwithwillstillmakeyoucry”可知那些没有被注意或处理的坏情绪仍然会让你哭，即人们自己也不知道的情绪，beunknownto“不为某人所知”。故填unknown。【60题详解】根据“Somehappymomentscanalsobringyoustrongfeelingsandyoumayfindithardtocontrolthem”可知一些快乐的时刻也会给你带来强烈的感觉，你可能会发现很难控制它们，即没能控制住自己，failtodosth.“未能做成某事”，主语是you，句子用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填fail。BThewarmclimate,waterplantsandwetlandinnaturereservesprovideanideallivingenvironmentforwildanimals.Thismakesthemfeellikegoingbacktonature.Inreserves,peoplewatchandstudyanimals’livinghabits,activitiesandsoon.Now,theAIsysteminreservesplaysanimportantroleinstudyingwildlife.Insteadofusingbinoculars,peoplejustsitinfrontofabigscreenandthentheycanwatcheverymovetheanimalsmake.TheAIsystemhelpsinmanyways.First,theAIsystemcantellthedifferencesbetweendifferenttypesofwildanimalsandrecordthechangesinnumbersbasedontheirtails,feetandbeaks.Second,itcankeeprecordinganimalbehavioursforresearchersdayandnight,whileinthepast,suchrecordingcouldnotlast.Moreover,itcancheckunusualbehavioursamongtheanimals.Ifananimalwalksorfliesinanunusualwayorliesonthegroundforawhile,thesystemcanhelpfindoutwhathappens.Soresearcherscantakequickactionstosaveitintime.Besidesitsmainfunctions,thesystemcanhelptowarntheunauthorized(未经许可的)peopleawayfromtheprotectedareas.TheAIsystemisalsoservedasaneducationalplatform(平台)forthepeople.Byusingit,visitorscanwatchandlearnmoreaboutthewildanimalslivinginthereserve.However,thereareproblems.Ononehand,theAIsystemitselfsometimesmistakesananimalforanother,oraplantforananimal.Ontheotherhand,peoplestillneedtogoaroundtogetawholeunderstandingofwildlifebecausetheAIsystemhasnotbeenputinateverycornerofthereserves.TofurtherdeveloptheAIsystem,thereservesarenowworkingwithmorehightechpanies.阅读以上信息，用恰当的单词完成下面的表格，每空一词。Thefunctionsofreserves●Thereserveshelpwildanimalsfeellike___61___tonature.●Researcherscanwatchandstudywildlifeinreserves.TheAIsystemusedinreservesTheadvantages●Itcantellthedifferencesofwildanimalsandrecordthechangesinnumbersbasedontheirlooks.●Itcanhelpresearcherskeeprecordinganimalbehaviourswithoutconsidering___62___.●Byusingit,theriskofwildanimals’gettinghurtanddeathswillbequite___63___.●Itwarnsunauthorizedpeoplenottoentertheprotectedarea.●Itincreasesvisitors’___64___aboutwildlife.Theproblems●Itsometimesmakesmistakes.●Ithasn’t___65___coveredthereservesyet.【答案】61.returning62.time63.low64.knowledge65.totally【解析】本文主要介绍了保护区的人工智能系统在研究野生动物方面发挥着重要作用，但是也存在一些问题。【61题详解】根据“Thismakesthemfeellikegoingbacktonature”可知保护区让动物感觉回到了大自然，return“回到”，feellikedoingsth.“想要做某事”。故填returning。【62题详解】根据“itcankeeprecordinganimalbehavioursforresearchersdayandnight”可知它可以为研究人员日夜记录动物行为，不考虑时间，time“时间”。故填time。【63题详解】根据“Soresearcherscantakequickactionstosaveitintime”可知研究人员可以迅速采取行动及时挽救动物，所以野生动物受伤和死亡的风险将很低，low“低的”。故填low。【64题详解】根据“Byusingit,visitorscanwatchandlearnmoreaboutthewildanimalslivinginthereserve.”可知游客可以观看和了解更多关于保护区内野生动物的信息，即增加游客对野生动物的知识，knowledge“知识”。故填knowledge。【65题详解】根据“theAIsystemhasnotbeenputinateverycornerofthereserves”可知人工智能系统并没有在保护区的每个角落都投入使用，即它还没有完全覆盖，修饰动词用副词totally“完全地”。故填totally。五、阅读填表In2009,ToddBolputupalittlefreelibrary.Thatwastoshowhisloveforhismother,whowasabookloverandteacher.Bolwantedtosharehismother’sloveforreadingwithothers.Hebuiltawoodboxandfilleditwithbooks.Heputtheboxinhisyard.ThiswasthebeginningofLittleFreeLibrary.TheideaspreadandToddmadeawisedecisiontosetupLittleFreeLibraryasanorganizationwithasignthatreads“LittleFreeLibrary.ORG:TakeaBook.ReturnaBook.Todaythereareabout100,000littlefreelibrariesinover100countriesandtheyhavemadeagreatdifferencetomillionsofpeople’slife.Studieshaveshownthatbookshaveameaningfulinfluenceonchildren’sliteracy(识字).Childrenwholovereadingcandowellatschool.LittleFreeLibrarycanimproverelationshipbetweenneighboursandstrangers,too.“Therearemanylittlelibrariesinpeople’sfrontyards,sharingthejoyofreadingwithanyonewhopassesby.Ijustliveinsuchaworldwherebooksarehighlyvalued(被珍惜),”Catherine,anAmericanwoman,said.“I’veevengotanoteofthanksfromagentlemannamedEsteban.Hewasthankfultohavea‘friend’onacoldnight:‘Thankyouforthiswonderfulgiftofabook.It’sanexcellentfriendonthiscoldandlonelynight.I’llreturnoneinitsplaceassoonasIcan!’”Hopefully,wheneachbuildinghassuchalibrary,wewillsoonhaveasocietywherepeoplespendlesstimeonthephoneandmoreonthepagesofabook.LittleFreeLibraryThebeginningofLittleFreeLibraryToddBolbuiltthefirstLittleFreeLibrary.Inordertoshowhislovetohismother,he

____55____tosetupalittlefreelibrarytoaskpeopletoborrowandreturnbooks.ThespreadofLittleFreeLibraryThenumberoflittlefreelibrariesaroundtheworldhas____56____about100,000.Ithas____57____people’slifegreatly.Thebenefits(好处)ofLittleFreeLibraryIthelpschildrenhave____58____literacyskillsanddowellatschool.Itbringspeople,including____59____andstrangers,closer.A(n)____60____ofabookloverAnAmericanwomancalledCatherine____61____livinginaworldwithmanylittlelibrariesnearby.Agentlemanfelt____62____becauseofabookheborrowedandhewroteathankyounotetoCatherine.Thewriter’s____63____Eachbuildingwillhavealibraryandpeoplewillspendmoretimeonbooks_____64_____ofonthephone.【答案】55．decided56．reached57．changed58．good/better59．neighbours/neighbors60．story/example61．likes/loves/enjoys62．thankful63．hope64．instead【解析】本文主要讲述小型免费图书馆的相关信息。55．根据“In2009,ToddBolputupalittlefreelibrary.Thatwastoshowhisloveforhismother”可知，为了表达他对母亲的爱，托德·博尔决定建立了一个免费的小图书馆，decidetodosth“决定做某事”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填decided。56．根据“Todaythereareabout100,000littlefreelibrariesinover100countries”可知，现在在100多个国家大约有10万个小型免费图书馆，reach“到达”符合语境，时态是现在完成时，动词用过去分词形式，故填reached。57．根据“theyhavemadeagreatdifferencetomillionsofpeople’slife”可知，给数百万人的生活带来了巨大的改变，change“改变”，时态是现在完成时，动词用过去分词形式，故填changed。58．根据“Studieshaveshownthatbookshaveameaningfulinfluenceonchildren’sliteracy(识字).Childrenwholovereadingcandowellatschool.”可知，书籍对儿童的识字有重要的影响，喜欢阅读的孩子在学校能表现得很好。也就是帮助孩子们有（更）好的识字技巧，故填good/better。59．根据“LittleFreeLibrarycanimproverelationshipbetweenneighboursandstrangers,too.”可知，小免费图书馆也可以改善邻居和陌生人之间的关系。故填neighbours/neighbors。60．此处介绍的是一个热爱读书的人的故事/例子，故填story/example。61．根据“Ijustliveinsuchaworldwherebooksarehighlyvalued”可知，凯瑟琳生活在这样一个书被高度重视的世界里，结合“sharingthejoyofreading”可知，凯瑟琳喜欢这样的生活，故填likes/loves/enjoys。62．根据“Hewasthankfultohavea‘friend’onacoldnight”可知，埃斯特班很感恩，故填thankful。63．根据“Hopefully,wheneachbuildinghassuchalibrary,wewillsoonhaveasocietywherepeoplespendlesstimeonthephoneandmoreonthepagesofabook.”可知，这是作者的希望，故填hope。64．根据“wewillsoonhaveasocietywherepeoplespendlesstimeonthephoneandmoreonthepagesofabook.”可知，人们花更少的时间在上，更多的时间在书上。insteadof“而不是”符合语境，故填instead。六、阅读填表先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在文章后的表格内填入最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只能填一个单词。Eachcountryintheworldhasitsowntraditionalclothes,whichshowusthecountry’straditionalaesthetics(美学),philosophy(哲学),andsocialvaluesinspecialways.HerearethefourmostwellknowntypesoftraditionalChineseclothing.HanfuHanfuistheoldestofChina’straditionalclothes.Legendtracesitback(追溯)toover4,000yearsagowhenHuangdi’swife,Leizu,madeclothwithsilk.ItwaskeptimprovingtilltheHanDynasty,whenHanfuwasmadeandstronglypromoted(推销)bytherulers.ItalsohadafarreachinginfluenceonneighboringAsiancountries,suchasKorea,Japan,andVietnam.TheZhongshansuitTheZhongshansuit,alsoknownastheMaosuitintheworld,isatypeofmaleclothes.Womenseldomworeit.Itwasfirstadvocated(提倡)bySunZhongshanin1912,soitwascalledtheZhongshansuit.Lateron,afterChairmanMaohadbeenseenwearingitinpublicmanytimes,thistypeofclothesgotanothername—theMaosuit.TheTangsuitTheTangsuitoftenreferstoatypeofChinesejacketratherthantheclothingoftheTangDynasty.ThisnamecamefromtheoverseasChinese.AstheTangDynastywasfamousforbeingrichandpowerfulintheworld,foreignerscalledtheoverseasChinesepeople“theTangpeople”andtheclothestheyworewerecalled“theTangsuit”,alsoknownasTangzhuang.TheCheongsamTheCheongsamdevelopedfromtheManchuwomen’sChangpaooftheQingDynasty.TheManchupeoplewerealsocalledtheQipeoplebytheHanpeople;sotheirChangpaowasnamedqipao.Generally,thetopbottomclothes,madeupofanyi(theupperclothes)andachang(thelowerclothes),weretheearliestformofclothingrecordedinChinesedocuments.Theonepiececlothingwascalledshenyi.Theupperandthelowerclothesweremadeasonepiecealthoughtheywerecutseparately.Topic:TraditionalChineseclothesIntroductionChinesetraditionalaesthetics,philosophy,andsocialvaluescanbe____54____inthefourmostwellknowntypesoftraditionalChineseclothing.Hanfu※Ithasahistoryofover4000years.※ItwasstronglypromotedbyHanrulingclass.※It____55____alloverAsia.TheZhongshansuit※ItwasfirstadvocatedbySunZhongshan.※ChairmanMaoworeitinpublicmanytimes.※Itis____56____designedformen.TheTangsuit※ItoftenreferstoatypeofChinesejacket.※Itisnamed____57____therichandpowerfulTangdynasty.TheCheongsamTheManchupeoplewerecalledtheQipeople;sotheirChangpaowasnamedqipao.ConclusionTraditionalChineseclothesarebasicallypresentedintwo____58____:oneisYiandchang;theotherisshenyi.【答案】54．shown/seen55．spread56．mainly57．after58．forms【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国最著名的传统服饰。54．根据文中“Eachcountryintheworldhasitsowntraditionalclothes,whichshowusthecountry’straditionalaesthetics(美学),philosophy(哲学),andsocialvaluesinspecialways.HerearethefourmostwellknowntypesoftraditionalChineseclothing.”可知，中国传统的美学、哲学和社会价值观可以在四种最著名的中国传统服装中体现/看出来；此句为情态动词can的被动语态，canbe后加动词的过去分词shown/seen。故填shown/seen。55．根据文中“ItalsohadafarreachinginfluenceonneighboringAsiancountries,suchasKorea,Japan,andVietnam.”可知，汉服传播到整个亚洲，句子是一般过去时，动词应用过去式spread。故填spread。56．根据文中“TheZhongshansuit,alsoknownastheMaosuitintheworld,isatypeofmaleclothes.Womenseldomworeit.”可知，中山装主要是为男性设计的。故填mainly。57．根据文中“AstheTangDynastywasfamousforbeingrichandpowerfulintheworld,foreignerscalledtheoverseasChinesepeople“theTangpeople”andtheclothestheyworewerecalled“theTangsuit”,alsoknownasTangzhuang.”可知，唐装是在富强的唐代以后被命名的。故填after。58．根据文中“Generally,thetopbottomclothes,madeupofanyi(theupperclothes)andachang(thelowerclothes),weretheearliestformofclothingrecordedinChinesedocuments.”可知，中国传统服装基本上有两种形式：一种是上衣和下衣；另一个是“神衣”。故填forms。六、阅读填表Manyofushavehadthisexperience:weliedowninabedotherthanourown,perhapsatafriend’shouseorinahotelroom,andfinditdifficulttofallasleep.Whydoesithappen?Anewstudyshowsonereasoniswhatthescientistscall“firstnighteffect”.Theybelievethatonesideofthebrainactsasa“nightwatch”towarnusaboutpossibledangers.Itpreventedusfromgettingtosleeponthefirstnightinanewenvironment.Forthestudy,35youngvolunteersweretoldtosleepinalabforseveraldaysasresearcherswatchedtheirbrainactivities.Accordingtotheresearchers,ontheirfirstnight,theleftbrainsweremoreactivethantherightbrainsandpeoplehadahardtimesleeping.However,leftbrainactivityreducedasdayswentby,fallingeventothepointofpletecalm.Inthisprocess,thevolunteersgotbetterandbettersleepexperience.Thefindingssuggestthatthedifferentrhythmsofthesidesofthebraininfluenceoursleep.Whenthetwosidesworkdifferently,thebalancebetweenthemisbroken.So,thebraincan’trelaxandissensitive(敏感的)toanythingstrangearound.“Atsomelevel,thebrainiscontinuingtowork,eventhoughyoudon’trealizeit,”USprofessorJeromeSiegetoldSmithsonianMagazine.“Ifsomethingunusualhappens,youcanbealert(警惕的).”Moresurprisingly,thisislikethewaysomeanimalssleep.Whales,dolphins,andmanybirdscansleepwithhalfoftheirbrainwhiletheotherhalfstaysawake,withoneeyestayingopen.Theresearchersthinkthatitistheresultofevolution(进化)andworkstoprotectusinpossiblydangerousenvironments.Ifyouhaveeverhadfirstnighteffects,researchersadviseyoutobringyourownpilloworsleepinaroomsimilartoyourbedroomnexttimeyousleepawayfromhome.TopicFirstnighteffectPeople’spossible

experienceManypeoplehavedifficultygettingtosleeponthefirstnightinanewenvironment.ThefindingsofthestudyFirstnighteffectforcesustostay___54___asonesideofthebrainisalerttopossibledangers.Asdaysgoby,people’ssleepexperience___55___astheleftbrainactivityfalls.TheexplanationstothefindingsOnthefirstnightinanewenvironment,people’srightbrainis___56___activethantheleftbrainandthatbreaksthebalancebetweenthem.Ourbrainscontinuetoworkwithoutbeingrealizedatnightsothatwecanbesensitivetoanythingunusual.Someotheranimalssleepinthesimilarway,whichisthoughttobe___57___byevolution.___58___fromresearchersBringyourownpilloworsleepinasimilarroomthatlookslikeyours.【答案】54．awake55．Improves56．less57．caused58．Advice##Suggest