2025版高考英语一轮复习核心素养测评九必修2Unit4Wildlifeprotection含解析新人教版

PAGE核心素养测评九必修2Unit4Wildlifeprotection(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AMicroplasticsaresmallplasticpiecesthathaveaccumulatedinthemarine(海洋的)environmentfollowingdecadesofpollution.Thesepiecescancausesignificantissuesformarinecreaturesthatingestthem,includinginflammation(炎症),reducedfeedingandweight-loss.Microplasticpollutionmayalsospreadfromorganismtoorganismwhenonecreatureiseatenbyothers.Sincethepiecescanbeboundtochemicalpollutants,theseassociatedpoisonscouldaccumulateinpredatorspecies.Mesopelagic(海洋中层的)fishserveasafoodsourceforalargevarietyofmarineanimalsincludingswordfish,dolphins,sealsandseabirds.Typicallylivingatdepthsof200—1,000meters,thesefishswimtothesurfacetofeedatnightandthenreturntodeeperwaterduringtheday.Throughtheseuprightmovements,mesopelagicfishplayakeyroleinthecycleofcarbonandnutrientsfromthesurfacetothedeepsea—aprocessknownasbiogeochemicalcycle.Thismeanstheycouldspreadmicroplasticpollutionthroughoutthemarineecosystem,bycarryingmicroplasticsfromthesurfacedowntodeeperwater,affectingdeep-seaorganisms.Toinvestigatethisfurther,researcherssetouttocatchfishinaremoteareaofthenorthwestAtlanticOcean.Theresearcherscaughtmesopelagicfishatvaryingdepths,andthenexaminedtheirstomachsformicroplasticsbackinthelab.Theyusedaparticularairfiltersoasnottointroduceplasticfibersintheairfromthelabenvironment.Theteamfoundalotofmicroplasticsinthefish’sstomachs.Astheresearcherswereextremelycarefultoclearthepollution—fibersintheair,theywereconfidentthatthefishhadeatenthefibersintheseaallovertheworld.Theresearchersplanfurtherstudiestolearnmoreabouthowthesefishingestandspreadmicroplastics.Itwillbeparticularlyinterestingtoseewhetherthefisheatthesemicroplasticsdirectlyasmistakenfoods,orwhethertheyeatthemthrougheatingotherspecies,whichhavepreviouslyeatenthemicroplastics.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。探讨发觉,在大西洋西北部捕捞的海洋中层鱼类的胃中含有微塑料,受影响的鱼类可能会将微塑料扩散到整个海洋。至于这些鱼是把微塑料当食物而误食,还是通过捕食吃了微塑料的其他物种才导致体内含有微塑料,还须要进一步探讨。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ingest”inParagraph1mean?A.Attack. B.Swallow.C.Ignore. D.Avoid.【解析】选B。词义揣测题。画线词后的them指的是上文中出现的Thesepieces(即smallplasticpieces),再依据上下文语境并运用解除法可知B项正确。2.WhatdoestheParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Howdeep-seafishfeedthemselves.B.Whymesopelagicfishareimportant.C.Howmicroplasticsspreadtothedeepsea.D.Howdangerousmicroplasticsaretothesea.【解析】选C。段落大意题。依据其次段中的第三句和第四句可知,海洋中层鱼类在碳和养分物质从海洋表面到深海的循环过程中发挥着关键作用,也意味着它们可能会将微塑料污染扩散到整个海洋生态系统。所以本段主要在讲微塑料是如何扩散到深海中的。故选C。3.Whatconclusiondidtheresearchersdrawfromthestudyonmesopelagicfish?A.Fishintheremoteareaaresafetoeat.B.Plasticfibersintheairmayenterfish’sstomachs.C.Theyarepollutedbymicroplastics.D.Mesopelagicfishliveatvaryingdepths.【解析】选C。推理推断题。依据第四段中“theywereconfidentthatthefishhadeatenthefibersintheseaallovertheworld”可知,探讨得出的结论:海洋中层鱼类受到了微塑料的污染。故选C。4.Whatwillfurtherstudiesfocuson?A.Inwhatwaymicroplasticsentermesopelagicfish’sstomachs.B.Howseriouslymicroplasticsaffectseacreatures.C.Whetherfishwithmicroplasticsharmhumans.D.Howmicroplasticsspreadinthedeepocean.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“Itwillbeparticularlyinteresting...througheatingotherspecies...eatenthemicroplastics.”可知,将进一步探讨这些微塑料是通过什么方式进入海洋中层鱼类体内的:是被误当作食物吃进去的,还是海洋中层鱼类吃了其他吃了微塑料的物种。故选A。B(2024·烟台模拟)Feedingbirdsisapopularwaytowatchwildlife.Butexpertssayitmightputwildbirdsatrisk.Feedingbirdsisnotnecessaryfortheirsurvivalexceptinextremeweatherconditions.Feeders(喂食器)candefinitelyhelpbirdsgetthroughthatkindofweather.Butmostbirdseatinsectsandshowlittleinterestinbirdfeeders.Forthosebirds,wecangrownativeplantsinanaturalenvironment.Birdswhicharefondofeatingseedswillbemorelikelytocometofeedersifthereissomecovernearby.Thisletsthemfeedandthenflytoprotectiveareas,suchasintrees.Themostcommonmistakepeoplemakewiththeirbirdfeedersisthattheyputfeedersinplaceswherebirdsareeasilyfrightenedbypassers-by,riskbeinghurtbycats,orriskflyingintowindows.Sosetupabirdfeederatleastonemeterawayfromawindow.Thatway,ifabirdgetsfrightened,itwon’tgetkilledwhenithitstheglass.Ownersofcatsshouldkeeptheminsidehomesotheycan’thurtthebirds.Somebirdsaremoreaggressiveatfeeder.Theyeatalotanddonotleavemuchfoodforotherbirds.Asolutionistoputthefoodinmorethanoneplacebyusingdifferentkindsofseedsorfruit.Thiscanalsoincreasethenumberanddiversityofbirdsinyourneighborhood.Butdon’tfeedwildbirdsanythingsalty,likepotatochips,orfoodthatcouldchokethem,likebread.Payattentiontofoodqualityandfreshness.Unprotectedfoodlefttoolonginfeederswillturnmoldy(发霉),whichcankillwildlife.Anotherwordofadvice:alwaysprovideasupplyofcleanwaterforbirds,butusecarewhenlookingfortherightbirdbath.Ifthebirdbathsaretoodeepforbirds,puttingafewlargestonesinthewatercangivethebirdsaplacetosit.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,人们在喂鸟的时候无意中会给鸟儿带来危急,文章详细说明了这些危急并提出了平安喂鸟的建议。5.What’sthemostcommonmistakeaboutfeedingbirds?A.Puttingfeedersinimproperplaces.B.Providingfoodininappropriatetime.C.Leavingfeedersunprotected.D.Supplyingdirtyanddeepwater.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据第三段“Themostcommonmistakepeoplemakewiththeirbirdfeedersisthattheyputfeedersinplaceswherebirdsareeasilyfrightenedbypassers-by,riskbeinghurtbycats,orriskflyingintowindows.”可知人们在喂鸟的时候,最常见的错误是把喂鸟器放在错误的地方,这样给鸟儿带来了许多危急。故A项正确。6.WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbesuitableforfeedingbirds?A.Seeds.B.Bread.C.Fruit.D.Insects.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据倒数第三段“Butdon’tfeedwildbirdsanythingsalty,likepotatochips,orfoodthatcouldchokethem,likebread.”可知作者建议人们不要喂给鸟儿薯条和面包,因为这些食物不适合喂鸟。故B项正确。7.Theauthoradviseshelpingmorebirdsby________.

A.increasingthenumberoffeedersB.cleaningthebirdswithcleanwaterC.puttingmorelargestonesinthefeedersD.keepingaggressivebirdsawayfromthefeeders【解析】选A。推理推断题。依据第五段“Asolutionistoputthefoodinmorethanoneplacebyusingdifferentkindsofseedsorfruit.”可知作者建议我们把食物放在多个地方,并供应不同种类的食物。这样做,自然是要增加喂鸟器的数量。故A项正确。8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Problemswithbirdfeeding.B.Wheretoplacebirdfeeders.C.Popularwaysofprotectingwildbirds.D.Howtofeedwildbirdssafelyandhealthily.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。依据第一段“Feedingbirdsisapopularwaytowatchwildlife.Butexpertssayitmightputwildbirdsatrisk.”可知本文主要讲解并描述的是喂鸟会给鸟儿带来肯定的危急;第三段介绍了详细的危急,后四段提出详细的平安喂鸟的建议。故D项“Howtofeedwildbirdssafelyandhealthily.”符合本文中心思想,故选择D项。【学问拓展】长难句分析

Themostcommonmistakepeoplemakewiththeirbirdfeedersisthattheyputfeedersinplaceswherebirdsareeasilyfrightenedbypassers-by,riskbeinghurtbycats,orriskflyingintowindows.

分析:本句主要结构:Themistakeis...;“peoplemakewiththeirbirdfeeders”是定语从句,省略了关系词that/which;is后面全是that引导的表语从句;表语从句中的where引导定语从句,这个定语从句中含有三个并列谓语。

翻译:人们在喂鸟器上犯的最常见的错误是把喂鸟器放在了鸟很简单被路人吓着的地方,有被猫损害的风险,或者有飞进窗户的风险。Ⅱ.完形填空InMarchof2024,PeterTabichi,a36-year-oldteacherfromaremotevillageinKenya,wasvotedthebestteacherintheworld.Forthepast12years,Tabichihasworkedasamathandscienceteacherhopingthathislessonswillgivestudentsachanceto1theirsituations.However,workingataSecondarySchoolinaremotevillageinKenyahasn’tbeen2.TheschoolonlyhasonecomputerandunreliableInternet3.Theschoolalsohasnolibraryorlaboratory.Tomakemattersworse,therearenotenough4forallthestudents.

Unfortunately,thesemi-arid(半干旱的)villageexperiencesdroughtsandfamines5.“Mostofthestudentscomefromverypoorfamilies.They’renotableto6becausetheyhaven’thadenoughmealsathome,”Tabichisaid.Thus,healsoteachesstudentsandlocalsaboutfamine-resistant7.Tohelpthoseinpovertyaffordfood,uniforms,andbooks,he880percentofhissalary.

AccordingtoTabichi,95percentofhisstudentsliveinpovertyandaround30percentareeitherorphansorarebeing9bysingleparents.Asaresult,kidsareeasyto10outofschool.

Withgreatefforts,hehasalso11tosetupscienceclubs,addressedfoodinsecurityissues,andhelpedbring12betweenseveralethnicgroupsandreligions.13histirelesswork,hisstudentshave14forthe2024INTELInternationalScienceandEngineeringFairinArizona,USA.

Tabichiplanstousetheprizemoneytoimprovetheschoolandfeedthe15.Healsohopeshisaccomplishmentwillinspireotherstopushpastalltheobstacles.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了一位来自肯尼亚一个偏远村庄的36岁老师PeterTabichi的故事。2024年3月,他被评为全球最佳老师,并获得了Varkey基金会100万美元的全球老师奖金。1.A.check B.control C.improve D.realize【解析】选C。Tabichi在学校是一位数学和科学老师,他希望他的课程能给学生一个改善(improve)他们的境况的机会。2.A.normal B.easy C.short D.hard【解析】选B。在肯尼亚一个偏远村庄的一所中学工作是不简单的(easy)。3.A.access B.barrier C.relation D.source【解析】选A。学校只有一台电脑,而且网络连接(access)也是不行靠的。access“入径;(运用或见到的)机会,权利”,Internetaccess“互联网接入”;barrier“障碍”;relation“关系”;source“来源”。4.A.subjects B.chances C.books D.teachers【解析】选C。更为糟糕的是,学校没有足够的书供应应每位学生。5.A.naturally B.suddenlyC.frequently D.gradually【解析】选C。不幸的是,这个半干旱的村庄常常(frequently)经验干旱和饥荒。naturally“自然地”;suddenly“突然地”;gradually“渐渐地”。6.A.distinguish B.calculateC.strengthen D.concentrate【解析】选D。依据上下文,因为学生在家里没有足够的粮食吃,肚子饿,所以上课留意力不能集中(concentrate)。distinguish“区分,辨别”;calculate“计算”;strengthen“加强”。7.A.crops B.habits C.areas D.signals【解析】选A。依据上文,因此,他也向学生们和当地人教授关于可以反抗饥荒的庄稼(crops)的学问。habits“习惯”;areas“地区”;signals“信号”。8.A.calledoff B.gaveawayC.droppedin D.putout【解析】选B。依据上下文:为了帮助那些贫困的学生买粮食、校服和书籍,他把自己80%的工资都赠送(giveaway)出去了。calloff“取消”;dropin“顺便探望”;putout“熄灭”。9.A.paid B.raised C.earned D.adopted【解析】选B。raisechildren“抚养孩子”。这里意为:依据Tabichi所说,95%的学生生活在贫困之中,大约30%的学生要么是孤儿,要么是单亲家长抚养(raised)。pay“支付”;earn“挣钱”;adopt“收养”。10.A.drop B.make C.get D.move【解析】选A。dropoutofschool“辍学”。11.A.happened B.promisedC.managed D.arranged【解析】选C。依据上下文:经过巨大的努力,他胜利(managedto)地建起了科学俱乐部。happentodosth.“碰巧做某事”;promisetodosth.“许诺做某事”;arrangetodosth.“支配做某事”。12.A.peace B.share C.talent D.target【解析】选A。依据句意:他帮助使几个民族和宗教之间保持和平(peace)。share“分红,份额”;talent“才能”;target“目标,靶子”。13.A.Inresponseto B.RegardlessofC.Inhonorof D.Thanksto【解析】选D。依据句意:多亏了(thanksto)他不知疲乏的努力,他的学生取得了参与2024年在美国亚利桑那州举办的英特尔国际科学与工程博览会的资格。inresponseto“回应”;regardlessof“不顾,不管”;inhonorof“为了纪念”。14.A.qualified B.preservedC.approved D.mentioned【解析】选A。qualify“取得资格”;preserve“爱护,保留”;approve“批准,赞同”;mention“提到”。15.A.rich B.young C.old D.poor【解析】选D。依据句意:Tabichi支配用发给他的奖金来改善学校,养活贫困的(poor)人。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AwonderfulexampleofourZoo-wideAnimalWellnessInitiativeisthedailyharvestingofgrassorleavesforanimalssuch1.________koalas,giraffes,rhinos,andmanymore.By2.________(continue)supplyingnatural,home-grownleaves,wecanenrichtheanimals’diets,stimulatetheirsenses,3.________imitatehowtheywouldeatinthewild.Branchesandleavesfromdifferenttreesandbushesareprovidedtoouranimalseveryday.Lookcarefullyandyouwillfrequentlyseetheanimals4.________(enjoy)theirfreshfood.

5.________(we)mostsignificantanimalsarethekoalas.SincethesepickyanimalsneedthreevarietiesoffreshEucalyptus(桉树)daily,meetingtheirneeds6.________(require)dailycuttingof120to160branches,eachfourtofivefeetlong.WegrowAustraliannativeplants7.________areadaptedtoourclimateveryeasilyandtheir8.________(fall)leavesstopotherplantsfromgrowingunderneath,sotheyoftengrowalone.Eucalyptustreestakeinlarge9.________(amount)ofwaterandhavebeenusedtohelpdrainwetareas.Althoughthissmallgardenwillonly10.________(harvest)twoorthreetimesayear,itdemonstratesthediversedietofourkoalas.

【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍了澳大利亚一个为动物供应树叶的种植园。1.【解析】as。考查介词。suchas为固定搭配。2.【解析】continually。考查词性转换。副词作状语,修饰动词supplying。3.【解析】and。考查连词。本句有三个并列谓语,在最终一个并列谓语前要加and。4.【解析】enjoying。考查现在分词。这里是seesb.doingsth.结构。5.【解析】Our。考查代词。此处须要形容词性代词作定语,修饰animals。6.【解析】requires。考查主谓一样。此处动词作谓语,叙述一般状况,为一般现在时;主语是动名词短语,视作单数。7.【解析】which/that。考查关系代词。定语从句修饰先行词plants。8.【解析】fallen。考查过去分词。过去分词作前置定语,修饰leaves,意为“落下的叶子”。9.【解析】amounts。考查名词复数。largeamountsof为固定搭配。10.【解析】beharvested。考查被动语态。此处动词作谓语,在助动词will后面要用动词原形;garden与harvest之间为被动关系。【学问拓展】背景链接

Zoo,alsocalledzoologicalgardenorzoologicalpark,placewherewildanimalsand,insomeinstances,domesticatedanimalsareexhibitedincaptivity.Insuchanestablishmentanimalscangenerallybegivenmoreintensivecarethanispossibleinnaturereservesorsanctuaries.Mostlong-establishedzoosexhibitgeneralcollectionsofanimals,butsomeformedmorerecentlyspecializeinparticulargroups.阅读理解(2024·天津模拟)RussianpolicehavestartedanewattempttogetdriverstoslowdownatzebracrossingsbyhavingpaintedhorsesaszebraswalkacrossonthebusieststreetsinsomeofthebigcitiesinanattempttoimproveroadsafetyandraiseawarenessamongRussia’snotoriously(臭名昭著地)carelessdrivers.Thelightgreyhorses,paintedwithblackstripes,carriedsignsontheirbacksreading:“Careful,childrenareontheirwaystoschool.”Thepolicesentthe“zebras”toseveraldifferentlocationsintheRussiancapital,whereofficialsinorangevestswalkedthemoverzebracrossingsandhandedoutleaflets(传单)topassingdrivers.Somehelduprainbow-colouredumbrellasoverthepaintedanimalstoprotectthemfromtherain.Russianroadsarenotoriouslydangerousanddriversstillrarelytaketheinitiative(主动实行措施)toavoidpedestrians.Nearlyhalfofalltrafficaccidentsinthecountry’sbigcitiesarecausedbycarshittingpedestrians,andathirdofthoseoccuroncrossings,accordingtotrafficpolicefigurespublishedlastmonth.Inthefirstsixmonthsofthisyear,378peoplewerekilledandmorethan6,600injuredonpedestriancrossingsinRussia,accordingtopolice.InMoscowalone,43peoplewerekilled,includingtwochildren.Thoughpoliceofficialssaidthatonlysafepaintwouldbeusedontheanimals,animalrightsactivistsstilldisagreedwiththeidea,accusingthepoliceof“treatinganimalslikegarbage”.“Childrenunderstandthatpaintsarebadforanimals,”theInterfaxnewsagencyquotedpresidentofVitaanimalrightsgroupIrinaNovozhilovaassaying.Let’shopethispartofthecampaignisoverandanimalsareleftoutoffutureattemptstoraisepedestrians’awareness.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。俄罗斯警方开展了一项新的尝试,他们在马身上画上条纹,让马在商业街上走来走去,希望以此提高司机们的平安意识,提高道路平安。文章分析了这项运动背后的缘由以及动物爱护组织对这种做法的看法。1.WhydoMoscowpolicehave“zebras”walkacrossonthebusieststreets?A.Tomakeacallonprotectinganimals.B.Toremindpeoplezebrasareindangerofextinction.C.Totellpeopleitisdangeroustocrossstreets.D.Toraisedrivers’awarenessofroadsafety.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“RussiapolicehavestartedanewattempttogetdriverstoslowdownatzebracrossingsbyhavingpaintedhorsesaszebraswalkacrossonthebusieststreetsinsomeofthebigcitiesinanattempttoimproveroadsafetyandraiseawarenessamongRussia’snotoriouslycarelessdrivers.”可知,俄罗斯警方起先了一项新的尝试,试图让司机在斑马线上放慢车速。在一些大城市,他们让“斑马”(被画上条纹的马)在商业街上走来走去,试