橡胶坝设计规范

橡胶坝设计规范橡胶坝技术规范TechnicalStandardofRubberDamSL227-98前

言为适应推广应用橡胶坝工程的迫切要求，使橡胶坝工程建设和治理有章可循，1995年11月水利部农村水利司下达了《关于开展(橡胶坝技术规范)编制工作的通知》。在水利部农村水利司的主持下，编写组赶忙开始工作，1996年6月完成初稿并召开了编写工作会议，1996年8月完成征求意见稿，在广泛征求意见补充修改后，于1997年10月完成送审稿，并于1998年2月召开审查会议，通过了专家审查。SL227-98《橡胶坝技术规范》分总则、工程规划、工程设计、施工安装、运行治理，共5章99条和5个附录。它在总结我国橡胶坝工程建设体会基础上，参考并吸取了国外橡胶坝工程建设的先进技术，内容全面，技术先进、成熟，达到国际先进水平，能够指导今后橡胶坝工程建设。它所制定的技术指标合理准确，具有可操作性，并与相关技术规范和谐配套。本规范说明单位：主编单位：参编单位：水利部农村水利司中国水利水电科学研究院淮河水利委员会规划设计院、四川省水利水电勘测设计院、广东省水利水电勘测设计研究院、北京市水利规划设计研究院目次1总则

3.4安全与观测设备

5.2检查观测2工程规划

3.5土建工程

5.3爱护修理

2.1差不多资料4施工安装

5.4运行操纵

2.2坝址选择

4.1一样规定附录A橡胶坝泄洪能力运算

2.3工程规模及枢纽布置

4.2土建工程施工附录B坝袋设计运算

2.4环境及经济评判

4.3操纵、安全和观测系统施工附录C坝袋胶布技术要求3工程设计

4.4坝袋安装附录D锚固构件运算

3.1坝袋

4.5工程检查与验收附录E坝袋修理

3.2锚固结构5运行治理条文说明

3.3操纵系统

5.1一样规定1总则1.0.1为使橡胶坝工程建设和治理做到安全可靠、技术先进、经济合理、确保质量、使用方便、美化环境、合理开发利用水资源，特制定本规范。1.0.2本规范适用于坝高5m及其以下的袋式橡胶坝工程。坝精湛过5m或专门用途时应进行专门的技术论证和试验研究。1.0.3橡胶坝工程的建设程序，应按差不多建设程序办理；如规模较小，建设程序能够简化。1.0.4橡胶坝工程的建设和治理，除执行本规范外，还应符合现行有关标准和规范的规定。2工程规划2.1差不多资料2.1.1应搜集、整理、分析研究和把握建坝地区的地势、气象、水文、工程地质、水文地质、内外交通、流域(或地区)水利综合利用规划、社会经济和环境评判等差不多资料。2.1.2地势资料应包括工程规划区域地势图、坝址地势图、回水区域地势图、河道纵横断面图等；测量范畴应依照工程任务和规模确定，各种图的比例尺应符合有关规范要求。2.1.3水文气象资料应包括流域概况和河道特点、坝址河段的洪(枯)水流量、含沙量、冰情、水质、漂浮物以及气温、降水、蒸发、湿度、风力、风向、日照、冰冻期、冻土深、潮汐等。2.1.4工程地质和水文地质资料，按《中小型水利水电工程地质勘察规范》(SL55—93)要求进行必要的地质勘察工作，应有坝址地质纵横断面图、地基和天然建筑材料的物理力学指标、地下水位、比降、水质等资料。2.1.5应搜集有关橡胶坝袋生产厂家产品、规格以及已建橡胶坝工程资料。2.2坝址选择2.2.1应依照橡胶坝特点和运用要求。综合考虑地势、地质、水流、泥沙、环境阻碍等因素，通过技术经济比较后确定坝址。2.2.2坝址宜选在河段相对顺直、水流流态平顺及岸坡稳固的河段；不宜选在冲刷和淤积变化大、断面变化频繁的河段。2.2.3坝址选择应考虑施工导流、交通运输、供水供电、运行治理、坝袋检修等条件。2.2.4坝址选择应有利于枢纽工程总体布置。重要工程应有水工模型试验论证。2.3工程规模及枢纽布置2.3.1工程规模应依照水文水利运算研究确定。2.3.2工程布置宜包括土建、坝体、充排和安全观测系统等。应做到布局合理、结构简单、安全可靠、运行方便、造型美观。坝轴线应与坝址处河段水流方向相垂直。2.3.3坝长应与河(渠)宽度相适应，坍坝时应能满足河道设计行洪要求，单跨坝长度应满足坝袋制造、运输、安装、检修以及治理要求。2.3.4取水工程应保证进水口取水和防沙的可靠性。2.3.5坝袋设计高度应依照工程规划，满足综合用水要求确定。坝顶高程宜高于上游正常水位0.1～0.2m，坝顶泄洪能力可按附录A运算。2.3.6坝底板尺寸布置应包括坝底板高程、厚度及顺水流方向上宽度等。1坝底板高程应依照地势、地质、水位、流量、泥沙、施工及检修条件等确定，宜比上游河床地势平均高程适当提高0.2～0.4m。2坝底板厚度应满足充排水(气)管路及锚固结构布置要求。3顺水流方向的坝底板宽度应按照坝袋坍平宽度以及安装和检修的要求确定。2.3.7防渗排水布置应依照坝基地质条件和坝上、下游水位差等因素，结合底板、消能和两岸布置综合考虑，构成完整的防渗排水系统。承担双向水头的橡胶坝，其防渗排水布置应以水位差较大的一方为操纵条件，合理选择双向布置形式。拟定坝基防渗长度的方法可参照《水闸设计规范》进行。2.3.8消能防冲设施的布置，应依照地基情形、运行工况等因素确定。2.3.9坝袋与两岸连接布置，应使过坝水流平顺。上、下游翼墙与岸墙两端应平顺连接，其顺水流方向的长度应依照水流和地质条件确定。边墙顶高程应依照校核洪水位加安全超高确定。2.3.10坝袋充排操纵设备及安全观测装置均应设在操纵室内，操纵室布置应考虑运行治理方便，严寒或潮湿地区应有防冻、防潮措施，2.3.11多跨橡胶坝之间应设隔墩，墩高应不小于坝顶溢流水头，墩长应大于坝袋工作状态时的长度。2.3.12在枯水期流量较大河流上的橡胶坝工程，应考虑检修时的导流方式。2.4环境及经济评判2.4.1修建橡胶坝工程对生态环境和社会环境的阻碍应参照《水利水电工程环境阻碍评判规范》的要求进行必要的分析和评判，对不利阻碍提出防范措施。2.4.2橡胶坝工程建设应按照《水利建设项目经济评判规范》(SL72—94)进行经济效益分析，评判项目的经济合理性和财务可行性，3工程设计3.1坝袋3.1.1坝袋按充胀介质可分为充水式、充气式。应按运用要求、工作条件经技术经济比较后确定。3.1.2坝体布置可采纳单跨式或多跨式。3.1.3作用在坝袋上的要紧设计荷载为坝袋外的静水压力和坝袋内的充水(气)压力。3.1.4设计内外压比α值的选用应经技术经济比较后确定。充水橡胶坝内外压比值宜选用1.25～1.60；充气橡胶坝内外压比值宜选用0.75～1.10。3.1.5坝袋强度设计安全系数充水坝应不小于6.0，充气坝应不小于8.0。3.1.6坝袋袋壁承担的径向拉力应依照薄膜理论按平面问题运算。坝袋袋壁强度、坝袋横断面形状、尺寸及坝体充胀容积的运算，可按附录B进行。3.1.7坝袋胶布除必须满足强度要求外，还应具有耐老化、耐腐蚀、耐磨损、抗冲击、抗屈挠、耐水、耐寒等性能。坝袋使用的胶布应符合附录C的技术要求。3.2锚固结构3.2.1锚固结构型式可分为螺栓压板锚固、楔块挤压锚固以及胶囊充水锚固三种。应依照工程规模、加工条件、耐久性、施工、修理等条件，通过综合经济比较后选用。锚固结构可按附录D运算。3.2.2锚固构件必须满足强度与耐久性的要求。3.2.3锚固线布置分单锚固线和双锚固线两种。采纳岸墙锚固线布置的工程应满足坍坝时坝袋平坦不阻水，充坝时坝袋格皱较少的要求。3.2.4关于重要的橡胶坝工程，应做专门的锚固结构试验。3.3操纵系统3.3.1坝袋的充胀与排放所需时刻必须与工程的运用要求相适应。3.3.2坝袋的充排有动力式和混合式。应依照工程现场条件和使用要求等确定。3.3.3充水坝的充水水源应水质洁净。3.3.4充徘系统的设计包括动力设备、管路、进出水(气)口装置等。1动力设备的设计应依照工程情形、运用治理的可靠性、操作方便等因素，经济合理地选用水泵或空压机的容量及台数。重要的橡胶坝工程应配置备用动力设备。2管路设计应与充、排水(气)时刻相适应，做到布置合理、运行可靠及修理方便，具有足够的充排能力。3充水坝袋内的克(排)水口宜设置两个水帽，出口位置应放在能排尽水(气)的地点并在坝内设置导水(气)装置。4冰冷地区管路埋设应满足防冻要求。3.4安全与观测设备3.4.1安全设备设置应满足下列要求：1充水坝设置安全溢流设备和排气阀，坝袋内压不超过设计值；排气阀装设在坝袋两端顶部。2充气坝设置安全阀、水封管或U形管等充气压力监测设备。3对建在山区河道、溢流坝上或有突发洪水情形显现的充水式橡胶坝，宜设自动坍坝装置。3.4.2观测装置设置宜满足下列要求：1橡胶坝上、下游水位观测，设置连通管或水位标尺，必要时亦可采纳水位传感器。2坝袋内压力观测设置，充水坝采纳坝内连通管；充气坝安装压力表，对重要工程应安装自动监测设备。3土建工程观测设计可参照《水闸设计规范》的规定进行。3.5土建工程3.5.1橡胶坝土建工程应包括基础底板、边墩(岸墙)、中墩(多跨式)、上下游翼墙、上下游护坡、上游防渗铺盖或截渗墙、下游消力池、海漫等。3.5.2土建工程设计，应依照坝的设计条件，使建筑物满足强度、防渗及地基稳固的要求。3.5.3作用在橡胶坝上的设计荷载可分为差不多荷载和专门荷载两类。1差不多荷载：结构自重、水重、正常挡水位或坝顶溢流水位时的静水压力、扬压力(包括浮托力和渗透压力)、土压力、泥沙压力等2专门荷载：地震荷载及温度荷载等。3.5.4坝底板、岸墙(中墩)应依照地基条件、坝高及上、下游水位差等确定其地下轮廓尺寸。其应力分析应依照不同的地基条件，参照其它规范进行运算；稳固运算可只作防渗、抗滑动运算。3.5.5橡胶坝应尽量建在天然地基上；对建在较弱地基上的橡胶坝应进行基础处理。3.5.6上、下游护坡工程应依照河岸土质及水流流态分别验算边坡稳固及抗冲能力。护坡长度应大于河底防护的范畴。3.5.7消力池(护坦)、海漫、铺盖除应满足消能防冲外，还应考虑减轻和防止坝袋振动。对经常溢流的橡胶坝工程，宜设陡坡段与下游消力池(护坦)衔接。应依照运用条件选择最不利的水位和流量组合进行消能防冲运算。3.5.8充气橡胶坝的消能防冲运算，应考虑坍坝时坝袋显现凹口引起单宽流量增大的因素。3.5.9操纵室应满足机电设备布置和操作运行及治理需要，室内地面高程应高于校核洪水位。地下泵房应作防渗、防潮处理。3.5.10在已建拦河坝顶或溢洪道上加建橡胶坝时，应对原工程抬高水位后进行稳固及应力校核，并应考虑上游埋住阻碍和不得降低原有防洪标准。3.5.11采纳堵头式锚固的橡胶坝应采取有效措施防止端部坍肩。4施工安装4.1一样规定4.1.1橡胶坝工程建设应按有关水利基建规定和程序，作好招标、投标、建设监理等工作。4.1.2施工前应依照批准的设计文件(包括施工组织设计和工程概算)和有关规范，编制详细的施工打算，做到技术先进和经济合理，确保施工进度和工程质量。4.1.3施工场地布置应做到合理布局，施工方便，确保安全，力求节约。4.1.4橡胶坝袋必须进行专门的质量检验。4.1.5坝袋安装必须保证对充胀介质的密封性。4.1.6橡胶坝施工中必须加强质量治理，应建立质量保证体系和质量检查体系，确保施工质量。4.2土建工程施工4.2.1土建工程施工可包括下列要紧项目：1基坑开挖，操纵及观测系统管道理设。2浇筑混凝土底板、锚固槽或预埋锚固螺栓；锚因件制作。3修建岸墙和防渗、防冲设施及其它安全爱护措施。4操纵室。以上各项施工应符合有关标准规范的技术要求。4.2.2坝袋与基础底板和岸墙(中墩)接触部位的表面必须平坦光滑。4.2.3采纳螺栓压板锚固的，其螺拴间距和埋深均应符合设计要求。采纳楔块或胶爱充水钱因的，其锚固槽的槽口、槽壁和槽底线应顺直平坦。1工程验收前，应由施工单位负责治理爱护。2对工程施工遗留问题，施工单位必须认真加以处理，并在验收前完成。3工程竣工后，建设单位应及时组织验收。4.5.5橡胶坝工程的质量检验和评定应按《水利水电工程施工质量评定规程》(SLl76—96)执行。4.5.6坝袋应以设计坝高为验收标准。4.5.7竣工验收必须按《水利水电工程验收规程》、《水利水电差不多建设工程单元工程质量等级评定标准》(SDJ249—88，SL38—92)和本规范的规定办理。4.3操纵、安全和观测系统施工4.3.1操纵系统的施工应符合有关机电、土建施工的要求。4.3.2安全装置安装前，应进行检查，并按设计要求进行安装，确保质量，运用可靠。4.3.3观测系统的安装，应进行调试，使其符合设计精度要求，确保观测方便可靠。4.4坝袋安装4.4.1坝袋、底垫片、密封材料、垫平片要求：1坝袋、底垫片应由工厂按设计图纸进行制作，出厂前必须检查其尺寸并画出锚固线和锚固中心线；应在醒目位置标出上下游标记。2坝袋制作必须严格保证质量要求，出厂时必须附有通过国家计量认证的检测机构出具的有关参数检验报告。3垫平片宜采纳与坝袋相同厚度或稍厚一些的橡胶片。4坝袋及底垫片在搬运过程中应幸免发生变形和损害。4.4.2坝袋安装前的检查：1楔块、基础底板及岸墙混凝土的强度必须达到设计要求。2坝袋与底板及岸墙接触部位应平坦光滑。3充排管道应畅通，无渗漏现象。4预埋螺栓、垫板、压板、螺帽(或锚固槽、楔块、木芯)、进出水(气)口、排气孔、超压溢流孔的位置和尺寸应符合设计要求。5坝袋和底垫片运到现场后，应结合就位安装第一复查其尺寸和搬运过程中有无损害，如有损害应及时修补或更换。4.4.3坝袋安装可按下列程序进行：1在底板上分别标出坝轴线、中心线。2底垫片就位(指双锚固坝袋)；在底垫片上分别标出中心线和锚固线。3在伸人坝袋内的充排水(气)管、测压管和超压溢流管等管口四周的底垫片上，宜粘上一层橡胶片作补强处理。4在底垫片上画出水帽、测压管和超压溢流管位置，复测无误后在各管口处挖孔并固定。5止水海绵(止气布)可粘在底垫片相应位置上。6使坝袋中心线和锚固线与基础底板及底垫片上的对应线重合。7坝袋锚固顺序，端部为固定式的，按先下游，后上游，最后岸墙的顺序进行。从坝袋底板中心线开始，向两侧同时进行安装。锚固岸墙(坡)时，先将胶布挂起，撑平，再从下部往上部锚固。采纳堵头式锚固的，宜先安装两侧堵头裙脚，后锚固下游和上游。但不管采纳何种锚固型式，两侧岸墙拐角处，袋布要折叠、理顺、垫平，不得用剪口补强处理。4.5工程检查与验收4.5.1施工期间应检查下列内容：1检查范畴：坝袋、钱固螺栓或楔块标号及外形尺寸、安装构件、管道、操作设备的性能。2检查要求：检查施工单位提供的质量检验记录和分部分项工程质量评定记录，同时需进行抽样检查。4.5.2坝袋安装后，必须进行全面检查。在无挡水的条件下，应做坝袋充坝试验；若条件许可，还应进行挡水试验。整个过程应进行下列项目的检查：1坝袋及安装处的密封性。2钱固构件的状况。3坝袋外观观看及变形观测。4充排、观测系统情形。5充气坝袋内的压力下降情形。4.5.3充坝检查后，应排除坝袋内水体，重新紧固锚固件。4.5.4验收前的治理爱护：1工程验收前，应由施工单位负责治理爱护。2对工程施工遗留问题，施工单位必须认真加以处理，并在险收前完成。3工程竣工后，建设单位应及时组织验收。4.5.5橡胶坝工程的质量检验和评定应按《水利水电工程施工质量评定规程》(SLl76－6)执行。4.5.6坝袋应以设计坝高为验收标准。4.5.7竣工验收必须按《水利水电工程验收规程》、《水利水电差不多建设工程单元工程质量等级评定标准》(SDJ249－8，SL38－2)和本规范的规定办理。5运行治理

5.1一样规定5.1.1橡胶坝工程必须有治理机构。在工程施工时，可由治理筹备机构派人参与施工，工程竣工验收后由治理机构接管工程。5.1.2工程竣工验收前，应由治理筹备机构会同设计、施工单位遵照本规范要求，结合工程特点，制定具体治理方法和有关制度。橡胶坝工程必须按运行规律进行科学运行。5.1.3治理机构应进行科学治理，并对工程进行经常检查、观测、养护、修理和操纵运用等。各项记录应及时整理归档，建立完整的技术档案。5.1.4橡胶坝工程竣工验收前，必须确定工程治理范畴和安全区域。在治理范畴内严禁爆破、采砂、游泳、捕鱼、排污、非打算建筑施工及其它一切不利于橡胶坝安全的活动。5.2检查观测5.2.1治理机构应监视水情和水流形状、工程状态变化和坝袋运用情形，及时发觉专门现象，分析缘故，采取措施，防止发生事故。5.2.2橡胶坝工程检查工作应包括经常检查、定期检查和专门检查。1经常检查；治理单位应经常对橡胶坝工程各部位、坝袋、锚固件、充排设备、机电设备、通讯设施、河床冲淤、治理范畴内的河道堤防和水流情形等进行检查。检查周期，每月应许多于一次。当橡胶坝遭受到不利因素阻碍时，对容易发生问题的部位应及时加强检查观看。2定期检查：每年汛前、汛后、冬季封冻时或在橡胶坝运用前后，应对橡胶坝工程各部位及各项设施进行全面检查。每年初次运用前，应着重检查岁修工程完成情形，汛后应着重检查工程变化和损坏情形，冰冷地区冬季运用的橡胶坝工程，应着重检查防冻、防冰凌措施的情形。3专门检查：当发生特大洪水、暴雨、暴风、强烈地震和重大工程事故时，应及时对橡胶坝工程进行专门检查，着重检查主体工程有无损坏等。4定期检查、专门检查终止后，应及时向上级主管部门提交检查报告。检查人员应相对稳固，检查报告应长期储存。5.2.3观测工作应有下列项目：坝袋内压力、坝袋变形、老化、河流上下游水位、河床变形、水流形状、水位、流量、卵石、漂浮物、冰凌等。5.2.4资料整理与整编：观测终止后，应及时对资料进行整理运算和校核。资料整编应按要求每年进行一次，其整编成果应提交上级主管部门审查。橡胶坝工程治理单位必须对发觉的专门现象作专项分析，必要时可会同科研、设计、施工人员作专题研究。5.3爱护修理5.3.1橡胶坝工程养护修理工作可分为养护、岁修、抢修和大修，其划分原则应符合下列规定：1爱护：对经常检查发觉的缺陷和问题，应及时进行保养和局部修补，保持工程和设备完整清洁，操作灵活。2岁修：依照汛后全面检查发觉的缺陷和问题，应对工程设施进行必要的整修和局部改善。3抢修：当橡胶坝工程及设备遭受损坏，如坝袋破旧、刺洞而漏水(气)时，必须赶忙采取抢修措施。4大修：当工程发生较大损坏或设备老化，修复工程量大，技术较复杂时，应有打算进行工程整修或设备更新。5.3.2坝袋爱护修理：1坝袋表面可涂刷防老化涂层，防老化涂层的施工工艺和方法见附录E。2必须及时清除袋体和坝袋坍落区底板上的砂石等杂物，排除河中危及坝袋安全的漂浮物。3当坝袋破旧时，应依照损害程度采纳不同的修补方法，详见附录E。5.3.3锚固件爱护修理：1锚固件(含钢、铁、木及混凝土)如有松动等，必须按安装要求旋紧、压牢、补齐，腐蚀严峻或劈裂的予以更换。2金属锚因件应定期除锈和涂刷防锈剂。3木质锚固件应防止生物蛀蚀和腐烂。4应及时清除坝袋邻近的淤积物。5.3.4充排设备爱护修理：1充排设备中的管道、闸阀等易锈蚀构件，应定期除锈和涂刷防锈剂。2充排设备(如电动机、水泵、空压机(风机)、法兰、闸阀等)显现故障或损坏，必须及时排除故障，进行修复或更换。3必须随时清除滞留在充排水口和安全溢流孔内的淤积物及其它杂物。4必须保持安全溢流孔和排气孔的畅通。5.3.5土工建筑物、石工建筑物、混凝土建筑物的养护修理可参照《水闸技术治理规程》(SL75—94)中的有关规定执行。5.4运行操纵5.4.1治理单位应依照建坝用途和工程特点，制定运行方案和操作规程，经上级主管部门批准后，必须严格执行。5.4.2严禁坝袋超精湛压运用，即充水(或气)不得超过设计内压力。单向挡水的橡胶坝，严禁双向运用。5.4.3汛期应与上游水利治理部门联系，依照气象和水文预报及时把握水情，提早采取安全爱护措施。5.4.4修建在多泥沙河流上的橡胶坝工程，应采取泄洪防淤措施。5.4.5坝顶溢流时，可改变坝高来调剂溢流水深从而幸免坝袋发生振动。5.4.6冰冷地区的充水式橡胶坝冬季宜坍坝越冬；若不能坍坝越冬，应在临水面采取防冻破冰措施；冰凌过坝时，对坝袋应采取爱护措施。5.4.7橡胶坝挡水期间，在高温季节为降低坝袋表面温度，可将坝高适当地降低，在坝顶上面短时刻保持一定的溢流水深。5.4.8关于多跨橡胶坝，坍坝时应平均对称、缓慢坍落，幸免下游有害冲刷。5.4.9坍坝泄流前应事先通知有关单位和部门，并以各种有效信号对危险区域发出警告。附录A橡胶坝泄洪能力运算A.0.1橡胶坝泄洪能力，可按堰流差不多公式运算：(A.0.1)式中Q——过坝流量，m3/s；B——溢流断面的平均宽度,m；h0——计人行近流速水头的堰顶水头，m；m——流量系数；σ——埋住系数，可取宽顶堰的试验数据；

ε—堰流侧收缩系数，与边界条件有关。A.0.2橡胶坝的流量系数介于宽顶堰与曲线型有用堰之间，坝袋完全坍平常，可视作宽顶堰，流量系数m＝0.33～0.36；坝袋充胀时，可视为曲线型有用堰，流量系数m＝0.36～0.45。A.0.3橡胶坝在运用中，流量系数可按如下公式运算：1)单锚固充水橡胶坝流量系数：m=0.138+0.018h1/H+0.152H0/H+0.032h2/H(A.0.3-1)式中H0——坝袋内压水头,m;H——运行时坝袋充胀的实际坝高，m;hl——坝上游水深，m；h2——坝下游水深，m。以上各值均以坝底为基准面。溢流时的坝高可量测或用下式运算：H/H1＝O.5138—0.7673h1/H1十0.8742H0/H1十0.1452h2/H1(A.0.3-2)式中Hl——设计坝高，m。2)双锚固充水橡胶坝流量系数：m=0.1630+0.0913h1/H+0.0951H0/H+0.0037h2/H(A.0.3-3)H/H1=0.2127-0.2533h1/H1+0.7053H0/H1+0.1088h2/H1(A.0.3-4)3)双锚固充气橡胶坝流量系数：m=0.0930+0.2720h1/H-0.0200H0/H+0.0270h2/H(A.0.3-5)H/H10.6275+0.0802h1/H1+0.0976H0/H1+0.2372h2/H1(A.0.3-6)公式适用范畴是：H-h2/h0≤0.45。附录B坝袋设计运算B.1一样规定B.1.1坝袋设计运算应分为充水式与充气式橡胶坝两部分。运算内容宜包括：坝袋径向拉力，坝袋环向各部尺寸，坝袋单宽容积，坝袋堵头轮廓坐标等。B.1.2橡胶坝袋设计运算工况应为上游水深等于坝高，下游无水的情形。B.2充水式橡胶坝设计运算B.2.1坝袋各项设计参数可通过数解法按下列公式运算1坝袋径向运算强度T=1/2γ(α-1/2)H12(B.2.1-1)式中T——坝袋径向运算强度，kN/m；γ——水的容重，kN/m3；α——内压比，H0/H1；H0——内压水头，m；Hl——设计坝高，m。2可将充胀后的坝袋轮廓分成四个部分：上游坝面曲线段长度S１，下游坝面曲线段长度S，上游贴地段长度n，下游贴地段长度X0(参见图B.2.1)。1)采纳单锚线锚固坝袋的有效周长(不包括锚固长度)为L0＝S１＋S＋n+X0B.2.l-B.2.l-2)2)采纳双锚线锚固坝袋的有效周长(不包括锚固长度)为L0＝S１＋S(B.2.1-3)3)采纳双锚线锚固的底垫片有效长度(不包括锚团长度)为l0＝n+X0(B.2.1-4)坝袋各部分n、S1、S与X0的运算公式如下：（B.2.1-5）S１＝Rθ（B.2.1-6）当α≤1.5时,(B.2.1-7)当α>1.5时,(B.2.1-8)S＝（1-1/2α）H１·F（k,π/2）(B.2.1-9)X0＝（α-1+1/2α）H1·F(k，π/2)-αH1·E(k,π/2)(B.2.1-10)上游坝面曲线段半径R的运算式为R=2α-1/4(α-1)/H1(B.2.1-11)其中F(k,π/2)、E(ｋ，π/2)分别为第一、第二类完全椭圆积分。(B.2.1-12)(B.2.1-13)k2=2α-1/α2(B.2.1-14)3坝袋单宽容积V(m2)V＝1/2R2θ-1/2n(R-H1)+αH1X0(B.2.1-15)4坝袋横面曲线坐标。坐标选取见图B.2.1。上游坝面曲线段坐标（B.2.1-16）下游坝面线段坐标X＝X0-（α-1+1/2α）H1·F（k,φ1)+αH1·E(k,Φ1)(B.2.1-17)图B.2.1充水式橡胶坝示意图其中F(k,φ1)、E(k、φ１)分别为第一、第二类不完全椭圆积分。（B.2.1-18）(B.2.1-19)(B.2.1-20)B.2.2坝袋各项设计参数也可通过下列查表格法进行运算:1表B.2.2-1是依照数解法的公式运算所得的充水式橡胶坝坝袋设计参数表,可供设计时直截了当查用。运算与V时，只需把表中数字乘以设计坝高的平方；其它各项把表中数字乘以设计坝高即为设计时的使用值。表B.2.2-1充水式橡胶坝坝袋设计参数表αT/H21S1/H1S/H1X0/H1N/H1R/H1V/H211.011.051.101.111.121.131.141.151.161.171.181.191.201.211.221.231.241.251.261.271.281.291.301.311.321.331.341.351.361.371.381.391.401.411.421.431.441.451.461.471.481.491.501.511.521.531.541.551.561.571.581.591.601.611.621.631.641.651.661.671.681.691.701.721.741.761.781.801.851.901.952.002.102.202.302.402.500.25500.27500.30000.30500.31000.31500.32000.32500.33000.33500.34000.34500.35000.35500.36000.36500.37000.37500.38000.38500.39000.39500.40000.40500.41000.41500.42000.42500.43000.43500.44000.44500.45000.45500.46000.46500.47000.47500.48000.48500.49000.49500.50000.50500.51000.51500.52000.52500.53000.53500.54000.54500.55000.55500.56000.56500.57000.57500.58000.58500.59000.59500.60000.61000.62000.63000.64000.65000.67500.70000.72500.75000.80000.85000.90000.95001.00007.16503.36912.52322.43212.35362.28512.22492.17142.12362.08052.04162.00621.97381.94411.91681.89151.86821.84641.82621.80731.78961.77311.75751.74281.72901.71601.70731.69201.68091.67041.66041.65091.64191.63331.62501.61721.60971.60251.59561.58591.58271.57661.57081.56521.55981.55461.54971.54491.54021.53581.53151.52731.52331.51951.51571.51211.50861.50531.50201.49881.49581.49281.49881.48441.47931.47441.46981.46551.45571.44711.43961.43301.42201.41331.40631.40081.39633.03.62.32192.06732.03592.00811.98321.96091.94071.92231.90561.89011.87591.86281.85061.83931.82881.81891.80971.80101.79281.78521.77791.77111.76461.75851.75261.74711.74181.73681.73201.72751.72311.71901.71501.71121.70751.70401.70071.69751.69441.69141.68851.68581.68311.68051.67811.67571.67341.67111.66901.66691.66491.66301.66111.65931.65751.65581.65411.65251.65101.64951.64801.64661.64381.64121.63881.63651.63641.62931.62481.62091.61741.61141.60651.60251.59911.59622.02.91.27780.98670.94880.91460.88380.85520.82920.80510.78280.76200.74250.72430.70710.69090.67560.66110.64730.63430.62180.60990.59850.58760.57720.56720.55760.54830.53940.53090.52260.51460.50690.49950.49230.48530.47860.47200.46570.45950.45350.44770.44210.43660.43120.42600.42100.41600.41120.40650.40200.39750.39310.38890.38470.38070.37670.37280.36900.36560.36170.35810.34560.35120.34460.33820.33210.32620.32060.30730.29510.28390.27350.25500.23890.22480.21230.20117.07113.16232.23612.13202.04121.96121.88981.82571.76781.71501.66671.62221.58111.54301.50761.47441.44341.41421.38681.36081.33631.31311.29101.27001.25001.23091.21271.19521.17851.16251.14711.13231.11801.10431.09111.07831.06601.05411.04261.03141.02061.01021.00000.99010.98060.97130.96230.95350.94490.93660.92850.92060.91290.90540.89800.89090.88390.87710.87040.86390.85750.85130.84520.83330.82200.81110.80060.79060.76700.74540.72550.70710.67420.64550.62020.59760.577425.50005.50003.00002.77272.58332.42312.28572.16672.06251.97061.88891.81581.75001.69051.63641.58701.54171.50001.46151.42591.39291.36211.33331.30651.28131.25761.23531.21431.19441.17571.15791.14101.12501.10981.09521.08141.06821.05561.04351.03191.02081.01021.00000.99020.98080.97170.96300.95450.94640.93860.93100.92370.91670.90980.90320.89680.89060.88460.87880.87310.86760.86230.85710.84720.83780.82890.82050.81250.79410.77780.76320.75000.72730.70830.69230.67860.66676.77403.49142.63422.53522.44842.37152.30282.24092.18472.13352.08652.04332.00331.96611.93151.89921.86891.84051.81371.78841.76451.74191.72041.70001.68061.66201.64441.62751.61131.59581.58091.56671.55301.53981.52711.51491.50311.49171.48071.47011.45981.44991.44031.43091.42191.41311.40461.39461.38841.38061.37301.36561.35841.35151.34461.33801.33161.32531.31911.31311.30731.30151.29601.28521.27491.26501.25561.24651.22541.20631.18881.17281.14451.12031.09931.08081.06452表B.2.2-2为充水式橡胶坝在设计条件下的下游坝面曲线坐标表,用于绘制下游坝面曲线。将坝高分成20等分，求出坝袋下游相应点的水平坐标值，列入表中。使用时只须把表中数字乘以设计坝高即为有用值。上游坝面曲线坐标，可直截了当由式（B.2.1-16）求出。表B.2.2-2充水式橡胶坝下游坝面曲线坐标表0.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.400.451.051.101.111.121.131.141.151.161.171.181.191.201.211.221.231.241.251.261.271.281.291.301.311.321.331.241.351.361.371.381.391.401.411.421.431.441.451.461.471.27780.98670.94880.91460.88350.85520.82920.80510.78280.76200.74250.72430.70710.69090.67560.66110.64730.63430.62180.60990.59850.58760.57720.56720.55760.54830.53940.53090.52260.51460.50690.49950.49230.48530.47860.47200.46570.45950.45351.43241.14481.10751.07391.04351.01580.99030.96680.94510.92480.90590.88820.87160.85590.84110.82710.81380.80120.78920.77770.76680.75640.74640.73680.72760.71880.71030.70210.69420.68660.67930.67220.66540.65880.65240.64620.64020.63440.62871.48591.20001.16291.12971.09961.07211.04691.02371.00220.98220.96360.94610.92970.91430.89970.88600.87290.86050.84870.83750.82680.81650.80670.79740.78840.77970.77140.76340.75570.74830.74120.73430.72760.72110.71490.70890.70300.69740.69191.51921.23471.19801.16501.13511.10791.08301.06001.03871.01901.00060.98330.96710.95190.93750.92400.91110.89890.88730.87630.86570.85570.84600.83680.82800.81950.81140.80350.79600.78870.78170.77500.76840.76210.75600.75010.74440.73890.73351.54031.25731.22081.18801.15841.13151.10681.08401.06301.04341.02521.00820.99220.97720.96300.94960.93700.92490.91350.90260.89230.88240.87290.86390.85520.84690.83890.83120.82380.81670.80980.80320.79680.79060.78460.77890.77330.76780.76261.55241.27081.23451.20201.17271.14601.12151.09901.07821.05891.04091.02401.00830.99340.97950.96630.95380.94190.93070.92000.90980.90000.89070.88180.87330.86510.85730.84980.84250.83550.82880.82230.81600.81000.80410.79850.79300.78770.78261.55681.27671.24081.20861.17951.15301.12881.10651.08591.06681.04911.03241.01691.00230.98850.97550.96320.95150.94040.92990.91990.91030.90120.89240.88410.87610.86840.86100.85390.84700.84040.83410.82790.82200.81630.81080.80540.80030.79521.55441.27601.24031.20841.17961.15341.12941.10741.08711.06821.05071.03431.01901.00450.99100.97820.96610.95460.94370.93340.92350.91410.90250.89660.88840.88050.87300.86580.85880.85210.84570.83940.83340.82770.82210.81670.81140.80640.80151.54541.26891.23351.20211.17341.14751.12391.10211.08211.06351.04621.03001.01491.00080.98740.97480.96300.95170.94100.93090.92120.91200.90320.89480.88680.87910.87170.86460.85780.85130.84500.83890.83310.82740.82200.81670.81160.80670.80191.53001.25551.22061.18931.16121.13561.11231.09081.07111.05281.03581.01991.00500.99110.97800.96570.95400.94300.93250.92260.91310.90410.89550.88730.87950.87200.86480.85790.85120.84490.83870.83280.82710.82160.81630.81120.80620.80140.7968续表0.500.550.600.650.700.750.800.850.900.951.001.051.101.111.121.131.141.151.161.171.181.191.201.211.221.231.241.251.261.271.281.291.301.311.321.331.241.351.361.371.381.391.401.411.421.431.441.451.461.471.50791.23591.20201.17051.14271.11751.09461.07351.05401.03611.01941.00380.98920.97560.96280.95070.93930.92850.91830.90860.89940.89060.88220.87420.86660.85920.85220.84550.83910.83290.82690.82110.81560.81030.80510.80020.79540.79070.78621.47881.20961.17551.14511.11781.09301.07051.04981.03071.01310.99680.98150.96730.95400.94150.92970.91860.90810.89810.88870.87970.87120.86300.85530.84780.84070.83390.82740.82120.81520.80940.80380.79850.79330.78830.78350.77890.77440.77011.44181.17601.14251.11271.08591.06161.03951.01931.00070.98350.96760.95270.93890.92590.91370.90230.89150.88130.87170.86250.85380.84560.83770.83020.82300.81620.80960.80330.79730.79150.78590.78060.77540.77040.76570.76100.75660.75230.74811.39581.13421.10141.07231.04611.02241.00090.98130.96320.94650.93100.91660.90320.89070.87890.86790.85740.84760.83830.82950.82110.81320.80560.79840.79150.78490.77870.77260.76880.76130.75600.75090.74590.74120.73660.73220.72790.72380.71991.33921.08291.05101.02260.99730.97430.95350.93450.91710.90100.88610.87220.85940.84730.83600.82540.81550.80610.79720.78870.78080.77320.76600.75910.75250.74630.74030.73460.72910.72380.71880.71390.70920.70470.70040.69620.69220.68830.68461.26941.02000.98920.96190.93750.91550.89550.87730.86070.84530.83110.81800.80570.79430.78360.77360.76410.75520.74680.73890.73130.72420.71740.71090.70480.69890.69330.68790.68270.67780.67310.66850.66410.65990.65590.65200.64820.64460.64111.18210.94210.91280.88690.86380.84300.82420.80700.79140.77700.76370.75130.73990.72920.71930.70990.70110.69290.68510.67770.67070.66410.65780.65180.64610.64070.63550.63060.62580.61690.62130.61280.60870.60490.60120.59760.59410.59080.58761.07000.84380.81650.79250.77120.75200.73470.71900.70460.69150.67940.66820.65770.64810.63900.63060.62260.61520.60820.60150.59520.58930.58370.57830.57320.56830.56370.55930.55500.55100.54710.54330.53980.53630.53300.52980.52680.52380.52100.91840.71390.68980.66860.64980.63300.61790.60430.59180.58040.56990.56020.55130.54300.53520.52800.52120.51480.50880.50320.49780.49280.48800.48340.47910.47500.47110.46730.46380.46030.45710.45390.45090.44800.44520.44260.44000.43750.43510.68870.52470.50590.48950.47500.46220.45060.44020.43080.42210.41420.40700.40030.39400.38820.38280.37780.37310.36860.36440.36050.35670.35320.34990.34670.34370.34080.33800.33540.33290.33050.32820.32600.32390.32190.31990.31800.31620.31450.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000续表0.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.400.451.481.491.501.511.521.531.541.551.561.571.581.591.601.611.621.631.641.651.661.671.681.691.701.711.721.731.741.751.761.771.781.791.801.851.901.952.002.102.202.302.402.500.44770.44210.43660.43120.42600.42100.41600.41120.40650.40200.39750.39310.38890.38470.38070.37670.37280.36900.36530.36170.35810.35460.35120.34790.34460.34140.33820.33510.33210.32920.32620.32340.32060.30730.29510.28390.27350.25500.23890.22480.21230.20110.62320.61790.61270.60770.60280.59800.59340.58890.58450.58020.57600.57190.56790.56400.56020.55650.55290.54940.54590.54250.53920.53600.53280.52970.52660.52370.52070.51790.51510.51230.50960.50700.50440.49210.48090.47060.46100.44410.42940.41660.40250.3950.68650.68130.67630.67140.66670.66200.65750.65310.64890.64470.64070.63670.63290.62910.62540.62180.61830.61490.61150.60830.60510.60190.59890.59590.59290.59000.58720.58450.58180.57910.57650.57400.57150.55960.54880.53890.52980.51350.49950.48720.47640.46680.72830.72320.71830.71360.70890.70440.70000.69580.69160.68750.68360.67980.67600.67230.66880.66530.66190.65850.65530.65210.64900.64600.64300.64010.63720.63440.63170.62900.62640.62380.62130.61880.61640.60500.59450.58490.57610.56050.54690.53510.52470.51550.75750.75260.74780.74310.73860.73420.72990.72570.72170.71770.71390.71010.70650.70290.69940.69600.69270.68950.68630.68320.68020.67720.67430.67150.66870.66600.66340.66080.65820.65570.65330.65090.64850.63740.62730.61800.60950.59440.58130.56990.55990.55100.77760.77280.76810.76360.75910.75480.75070.74660.74260.73880.73500.73140.72780.72430.72090.71760.71440.71130.70820.70520.70220.69930.69650.69380.69110.68850.68590.68340.68090.67850.67610.67380.67150.66070.65090.64190.63370.61900.60640.59540.58580.57720.79040.78570.78110.77660.77230.76810.76410.76010.75620.75250.74880.74530.74180.73840.73510.73190.72880.72570.72270.71980.71690.71410.71140.70870.70610.70350.70100.69860.69620.69380.69150.68930.68700.67660.66710.65840.65040.63630.62410.61350.60420.59600.79680.79220.78770.78340.77920.77510.77110.76730.76350.75980.75630.75280.74940.74620.74290.73980.73680.73380.73090.72800.72520.72250.71990.71730.71470.71230.70980.70750.70510.70280.70060.69840.69630.68620.67700.66860.66090.64720.63540.62520.61630.60840.79730.79280.78850.78430.78020.77620.77240.76860.76500.76140.75790.75460.75130.74810.74500.74200.73900.73610.73330.73050.72780.72520.72260.72010.71770.71530.71290.71060.70830.70610.70400.70190.69980.69000.68110.67300.66560.65240.64110.63130.62270.61510.79230.78800.78380.77970.77570.77180.76810.76450.76090.75750.75410.75090.74770.74460.74160.73860.73580.73300.73020.72760.72500.72240.72000.71750.71510.71280.71060.70830.70620.70400.70190.69990.69790.68850.67990.67210.66490.65230.64140.63200.62380.6165续表0.500.550.600.650.700.750.800.850.900.951.001.481.491.501.511.521.531.541.551.561.571.581.591.601.611.621.631.641.651.661.671.681.691.701.711.721.731.741.751.761.771.781.791.801.851.901.952.002.102.202.302.402.500.78190.77770.77360.76960.76580.76200.75840.75490.75150.74820.74490.74180.73870.73570.73280.73000.72720.72450.72190.71390.71680.71440.71200.70960.70730.70510.70290.70080.69870.69660.69460.69270.69070.68170.67340.66590.65910.64700.63660.62760.61970.61270.76590.76810.75790.75410.75040.74680.74330.73990.73660.73340.73030.72730.72430.72140.71860.71590.71330.71070.70810.70570.70330.70090.69860.69640.69420.69200.68990.68790.68590.68390.68200.68010.67830.66960.66170.65460.64800.63640.62650.61800.61050.60390.74410.74020.73640.73270.72920.72570.72240.71920.71600.71290.71000.70710.70420.70150.69880.69620.69370.69120.68880.68640.68410.68190.67970.67750.67550.67340.67140.66950.66750.66570.66380.66200.66030.65200.64450.63770.63150.62050.61110.60300.59600.58970.71600.71230.70870.70520.70180.69850.69540.69230.68930.68640.68350.68080.67810.67550.67290.67050.66810.66570.66340.66120.65900.65690.65480.65280.65080.64880.64700.64510.64330.64150.63980.63810.63640.62860.62160.61510.60930.59890.59010.58250.57580.56990.68090.67740.67400.67070.66750.66440.66140.65850.65570.65300.65030.64770.64520.64270.64030.63800.63570.63350.63140.32930.62720.62520.62330.62140.61950.61770.91590.91420.61250.61080.60290.60760.60600.59870.59210.58610.58060.57100.56280.55570.54950.54400.63770.63440.63120.62820.62520.62230.61950.61680.61420.61160.60920.60670.60440.60210.59990.59770.59560.59360.59160.58960.58770.58590.58410.58230.58060.57890.57730.57570.57410.57260.57110.56960.56820.56140.55530.54980.54470.53580.52830.52170.51610.51110.58450.58150.57860.57580.57310.57040.56790.56540.56300.56070.55840.55620.55410.55200.55000.54800.54610.54420.54240.54070.53890.53720.53560.53400.53240.53090.52940.52800.52650.52510.52380.52240.52110.51500.50950.50450.49990.49190.48510.47920.47410.46960.51820.51550.51300.51050.50810.50570.50350.50130.49920.49710.49510.49320.49130.48950.48770.48590.48430.48260.48100.47940.47790.47640.47500.47360.47220.47090.46960.46830.46700.46580.46460.46340.46230.45690.45210.44770.44370.43670.43070.42560.42120.41720.43280.43060.42840.42630.42430.42240.42050.41870.41690.41520.41350.41190.41030.40880.40730.40580.40440.40310.40170.40040.39920.39790.39670.39560.39440.39330.39220.39120.39010.38910.38810.38710.38620.38170.37770.37410.37080.36500.36010.35590.35230.34900.31280.31120.30960.30810.30660.30520.30390.30250.30130.30000.29880.29760.29650.29540.29430.29330.29230.29130.29030.28940.28850.28760.28670.28590.28500.28420.28350.28270.28190.28120.28050.27980.27910.27590.27310.27050.26810.26400.26050.25750.25490.25260.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000B.3充气橡胶坝设计运算B.3.1坝袋各项设计参数可通过数解法按下列公式运算1坝袋径向运算强度T＝1/2γαH12(B.3.1-1)式中α——袋内充气压力与相当于坝高的水柱压强之比。2可将充胀后的坝袋轮廓分成三个部分，上游坝面曲线段长度S1，下游坝面曲线段长度S及坝袋贴地段长度D。坝袋有效周长(不包括钱固长度)为L0＝S＋S１＋D(B.3.1-2)式中L0——坝袋有效周长，m；S——下游坝面曲线段长度，m；S1——上游坝面曲线段长度，m；D——坝袋贴地段长度，m。S＝1/2πH１(B.3.1-3)(B.3.1-4)(B.3.1-5)(B.3.1-6)Φ1=cos-1(1/α-1)(B.3.1.-7)下游坝面曲线段曲率半径R＝1/2H1(B.3.1-8)3坝袋单宽容积V＝1/8πH21+(1-α)H1D+1/2αH21sinΦ(B.3.1-9)Φ=cos-1(1/α-1)(B.3.1-10)4坝袋横断面曲线坐标坐标原点选在坝顶，水平坐标轴X向上游为正，竖直坐标轴y向下为正。下游坝面曲线段坐标(B.3.1-11)式中Xi——所求点的X坐标；Yi——所求点的Y坐标。上游坝面曲线段坐标(B.3.1-12)Φi＝cos-1(Yi/αHi-1)(B.3.1-13)B.3.2坝袋各项设计参数也可通过下列查表格法进行运算：1表B.3.2-1为充气式橡胶坝坝袋设计参数表。运算T与V时，只须把表中数字乘以设计坝高的平方，其它各项把表中数字乘以坝高即为设计时的使用值。表B.3.2-1充气式橡胶坝坝袋设计参数表αT/H12S1/H1S/H1D/H1L0/H1V/H120.500.550.600.610.620.630.640.650.660.670.680.690.700.710.720.730.740.750.760.770.780.790.800.810.820.830.840.850.860.870.880.890.900.910.920.930.940.25000.27500.30000.30500.31000.31500.32000.32500.33000.33500.34000.34500.35000.35500.36000.36500.37000.37500.38000.38500.39000.39500.40000.40500.41000.41500.42000.42500.43000.43500.44000.44500.45000.45500.46000.46500.47001.68581.45591.40141.39411.38751.38151.37611.37111.36661.36241.35851.35501.35171.34871.34581.34321.34081.33851.33631.33431.33251.33071.32911.32761.32611.32481.32351.32231.32121.32011.31911.31821.31731.31651.31571.31501.31431.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.57081.