专题06重点语法归纳及专练二（练习版）-2022年七年级下学期期末重难知识点串讲精练（人教版）

2022年七年级下学期期末重难知识点串讲+精练专题06重点语法归纳及专练（二）一、Therebe结构Therebe句型表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”。其特点主要有三个：1、该句型的一般疑问句形式将be动词提前到句首然后大写。其肯定回答为:Yes,there+be的适当形式否定回答为:No,there+be的适当形式+not.—Isthereabankintheneighborhood?—Yes,thereis.2、该句型的否定句形式是在be动词的后面加not。Therearen’tanybooksonthedesk.3、该句型中be动词人称或数的变化与离它最近的名词保持一致。如果有两个或更多的名词，be动词要与它最靠近的名词保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。Therearetwopencilsandapeninmypencilcase.=Thereisapenandtwopencilsinmypencilcase.Therebe句型的用法:（1）、therebe可译“有”,be后跟着名词走,如果名词是单数,当用is记清楚;如果名词是复数,用are一定要记住,并列主语特殊记,“就近原则”用仔细;（2）、某人有某物要用have;Ihaveacutedog.Mr.Smithhasshortstraighthair.【专练】一、完成句子1．桌子上有—本书和两支钢笔。There________abookandtwopensonthedesk.2．在吉姆的书包里有一些书。There______somebooksinJim'sbag.3．墙上有一些地图吗？__________________mapsonthewall?4．学校里没有学生。There____________studentsintheschool.二、根据句意填空5．There______apostofficenearhere.6．There______somewaterintheglass.7．There______somepicturesonthewall.8．There______alibraryandtwobanksintheneighborhood.9．There______somebooksandapenonthedesk.三、句型转换10．Ourschoolhastwentyclasses.(改写句子，句意不变)________________twentyclassesinourschool.11．Thereisapostofficeacrossfromthebank.(改为否定句)There________apostofficeacrossfromthebank.12．Therearesomebirdsinthetree.(改为一般疑问句)________________anybirdsinthetree?13．Isthereapolicestationintheneighborhood?(作肯定回答)Yes,________________.14．Arethereanypayphonesnearyourhouse?(作否定回答)No,________________.二、问路及指路的表达方式1、问路的句型Whereisthepostoffice?Excuseme.CanyoutellmethewaytotheSummerHotel?Isthereaparknearhere,please?HowcanIgettothenearestpostoffice?CouldyoutellmehowtogettotheBankofChina?2、指路的句型It’sacrossfrom/near/nexttothehospital.Goalong/downthisstreet.Turnleft/rightat…在…向/右转Turnrightatthethirdcrossing,andthenwalkstraight.Takethesecondturningontheright/left.3、表示方位的短语(1）、ontheleft/right意为“在左/右边”Whoissittingonyourright?、nextto…意为“在…的旁边，紧挨着…”Thepayphoneisnexttothelibrary.、infrontof…意为“在…前面”Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.、behind意为“在…后面”Thereisacatbehindthedoor.、between…and…意为“在…和…之间”Thepayphoneisbetweenthepostofficeandthepark.、acrossfrom…意为“在…的对面”Thesupermarketisacrossfromthebusstop.【专练】一、单项选择1．—Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytothenearesttoilet?—Sure,_________thesecondturningontheright.A．go B．walk C．turn D．take2．—Excuseme,whereisRenminHospital?—Sorry,I’mnewhere.—________.A．Notatall. B．That’sOK. C．Thankyouallthesame.3．—Excuseme,________?—Walkalongthisstreetandyoucanseeitonyourright.A．whenwillyougotoschool B．whichbuscanItakeC．howcanIgettothehospital D．howfaristhecinema4．—Excuseme,where’sthemeetingroom?—______.Iwillshowyouthere.A．ehere B．That’sright C．Idon’tknow D．Thisway,please5．—__________?—Goalongthisroadandyou'llseeitonyourleft.A．Howfaristhestation B．WhichbuscanItakeC．HowcanIgettothestation D．Howlongisthestation二、填写适当的句子补全对话根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意义连贯、完整。A:Excuseme,whereisthepostoffice?B:_______6_______Youcanaskthepoliceman.A:Thanks.(Thewomangoestothepoliceman.)A:Excuseme,_______7_______C:No.Butthereisonenexttothesupermarket.A:_______8_______C:It’saboutonekilometeraway.A:_______9_______C:YoucantaketheNo.9bus.A:_______10_______C:It’sapleasure.三、补全对话7选5根据对话内容，从文后选择恰当的选项填入对话相应的空白处，使对话完整，合乎情景（有两个多余选项）。A:Excuseme,canyouhelpme?___11___B:Sure,wherewouldyouliketogo?A:I’dliketogotothemuseum,butIcan’tfindit.___12___B:No,notreally,it’sabout2kilometers.A:DoIneedtotakeabus?B:No.___13___Nowgodownthestreettothetrafficlights,canyouseethem?A:Yes,Ican.B:OK.___14___A:BridgeStreet?B:Right.ThenwalkdownBridgeStreet.___15___A:Great,thanksforyourhelp.B:You’rewele.A．It’seasytogetthere.B．TurnleftatthetrafficlightsintoBridgeStreet.C．Iamlost.D．Howfarisit?E．Isitfar?F．Icanwalkwithyou.G．Themuseumisattheendofthestreet.四、询问及描述人的外貌特征的句型1、询问长相What+do/does+sb.+looklike?Whatdoyoulooklike?Whatdoeshelooklike?2、描述长相:三种描述方法①、主语+be+形容词（表外貌特征的形容词）②、主语+have/has+名词（名词前可有多个形容词修饰）③、主语+beof+…height（指个头）He/Sheistall/short/thin/heavy.He/Sheisofmediumheight.He/Shehaslong/short/curly/straighthair.3.、多个形容词的排列顺序在英语中，常用单个形容词修饰名词,但有时也用多个形容词修饰同一个名词，这些形容词有其固定的排列顺序。基本顺序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词、物主代词、数词等）+表示观点的描述性形容词（beautiful,clever等）+大小长短+形状（round，straight等）+新旧+颜色+国籍/地区+材料（wooden等）+名词。Shehasbeautifullongcurlyblondehair.IhavealovelysmallwhiteFrancecat.形容词的排列顺序：大小、形状、描述性，年龄、颜色后跟定；产地、材料和用途，先后顺序已排清。五、选择疑问句选择疑问句是提出两个或者两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的句式一般前半句为疑问句,选择对象or链接，回答选择疑问不能yes或no回答，需要在or链接的对象中择其一来回答。Doyoulikeapplesororanges?Ilikeapples/Ilikeoranges/Idon’tlikethem.Isyourfathertallorshort?Heistall/short.Whichonedoyoulike,theredoneortheblueone?Iliketheredone./Iliketheblueone./Idon’tlikethem.【专练】一、单项选择1．What________yourfather________like?A．do;look B．do;looks C．does;look D．does;looks2．Heisnotverytall,andheisnotveryshort.Heis________.A．heavy B．fat C．ofmediumheight D．small3．Myuncle________tallandhe________bigeyes.A．has;is B．is;has C．is;is D．has;has4．—Hi,Carol.Isyourbrotherthinorheavy?—________.A．Yes,heis B．He'salittleheavyC．No,heisn'theavy D．He'stall5．—What'syourfavoritesubject,math,Chinese________English?—English.A．and B．butC．or D．because二、完成句子6．你是骑自行车去上学还是步行去上学？________yourideyourbiketoschool________________toschool?7．你是十三岁还是十四岁？________youthirteen________________?8．杰克个子高还是矮？________Jacktall________________?9．玛丽留着长发还是短发？________Maryhavelonghair________________________?10．你想要哪一件T恤衫，红色的还是蓝色的？WhichTshirtdoyouwant,theredone________________________________?三、句型转换11．Mysisterisreallythin.(就句子画线部分提问)________________yoursister________________?12．Mikehasbrownhair.(改为一般疑问句)________Mike________brownhair?13．Joelikesblackandblue.(改为否定句)Joe________likeblack________blue.14．Hisnewfriendistall.(用short改为选择疑问句)________hisnewfriendtall________________?六、可数名词与不可数名词1、含义：可数名词指可以计数的事物的名词。有单、复数形式之分。可以直接用不定冠词a/an或具体的数词如one,two,three等来修饰。不可数名词指不可以计数的事物的名词。没有复数形式，但有量的变化。不能使用不定冠词或数词直接修饰，如要表示确切数量时，要用“数量词+of+不可数名词”结构。1）、常见可数名词和不可数名词的分类可数名词个体名词用来指单个人或单个事物的名词car汽车student学生puter电脑desk桌子集体名词用来指一群人或一些事物总称的名词army军队family家庭police警察class班级不可数名词*物质名词用来指无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词water水tea茶bread面包air空气*抽象名词用来指人或事物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念的名词love爱health健康time时间happiness幸福2）、既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词的词有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意义上有很大区别。例如：aglass一个玻璃杯glass玻璃achicken一只鸡chicken鸡肉afish一条鱼fish鱼肉aroom一个房间room空间anorange一个橙子orange橙汁可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Waterisimportanttous.Agirlisreadinginthelibrary.Twogirlsarereadinginthelibrary.3）、可数名词的变化规则（1）、规则的可数名词的复数变化规则*一般在词尾加sdesk→desks书桌mile→miles英里*以s，x，sh，ch结尾的加esbrush→brushes刷子watch→watches手表*以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，把y变成i，再加esfactory→factories工厂*以f或fe结尾的词，一般把f或fe改为v，再加eswolf→wolves狼wife→wives妻子以o结尾，有生命的加espotato→potatoes土豆tomato→tomatoes西红柿以o结尾，无生命的zoo→zoos动物园加sradio→radios收音机（2）、不规则的可数名词的复数变化规则改变单数名词中的元音字母:foot→feet,tooth→teeth,man→men,woman→women单复数形式相同:Japanese,Chinese,sheep,deer,fish只有复数形式:trousers,glasses,clothes,shorts其他:mouse→mice,child→children易错点提醒：由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是将man改为men。但German不是合成词，故其复数形式直接加s。【专练】一、单项选择1．Thereissome________inthenoodles.A．beef B．egg C．potatoes D．vegetable2．—Howmany_______doctorsarethereinyourhospital,David?—_______themisoveronehundred.A．woman;Thenumberof B．women;AnumberofC．woman;Anumberof D．women;Thenumberof3．Afamilyof________wereinthekitchenonSaturdaymorningwhentheysawabigcat.A．mouses B．mice C．mouse4．Iofteneatsome________and________forbreakfast.A．eggs;bread B．breads;eggs C．eggs;breads D．egg;bread5．—CanIhelpyou,madam?—Yes,please.Iwant________.A．twobowlofrice B．twobowlsofriceC．twobowlofrices D．twobowlsofrices二、完成句子6．这个篮子里有一些西红柿和鸡蛋。Therearesome_________________________inthebasket.7．在学校有太多规则。Thereare______________________atschool.8．我需要一双鞋。I____________________________shoes.三、根据汉语提示填空9．Iliketomatoes,butIdon’tlike________(土豆).10．Don’treadinthesun.It’sbadforyour________(眼睛).11．Weshouldbrushour________(牙齿)everyday.12．Peopleoftendodifferentthingsindifferent__________(国家).13．Infall,manypeoplegotoWestHillandseethebeautifulred_______（叶子）.四、改写句子14．Look!Thisisatomato.(变为复数句)Look!__________are___________.15．Thosearesomestrawberries.(改为单数)__________a__________.七、wouldlike的用法1、含义:wouldlike的意思是“想要”，相当于want,但语气比want委婉。wouldlike常缩写为“’dlike”wouldlike在使用时,一般没有人称和数的变化。Iwould(I’d)/Shewould(She'd)likesomebeefnoodles.2、wouldlike具体用法(1)、后接名词或代词，表示具体“要”某样东西Hewouldlikesomefood.Wouldyoulikealargebowlofbeefnoodles？(2)、wouldliketodosth.意为“想要做某事”We’dliketogotoBeijingforaholiday.She’dliketobuyacar.(3)、wouldlikesb.todosth.意为“想要某人做某事”I’dlikeyoutogotothecinemawithme.Mymotherwouldlikemetodomyhomework.3、wouldlike的常见句型（1）、Wouldyoulike+some+名词/代词？常用于征求对方的意见。注意此句中的some不用改为any。回答：Yes,please.No,thanks.—Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?—Yes,please./No,thanks.好的。/不用,谢谢。（2）、Wouldyoulike+todosth.？表示向对方有礼貌地提出建议或发出邀请。Yes,I’dlove/liketo.或I’dlove/liketo,but…—Wouldyoulike/lovetoetomyparty?—Yes,I’dlike/loveto.I’dlike/loveto.ButI’mtoobusy.、“Wouldyoulike…?”和“Doyouwant…？”都表示“你想…？”，但前者是礼貌用语,无人称和数的变化；后者常用于好友或家庭成员之间,有人称和数的变化。（1）、Wouldyoulike（todrink）acupoftea?你想喝杯茶吗?（很礼貌地询问）Doyouwant（todrink）acupoftea?你想吃个苹果吗？（一般性地询问）（2）、wouldlike与feellike都表示“想要…”，但两者后面所接动词短语的形式不同，wouldlike接动词不定式，feellike接动词ing形式。Wouldyouliketogotothezoo?Idon’tfeellikedoinganything.Ifeelverytired.【专练】一、完成句子1．我爸爸想要—杯咖啡。Myfather________________acupofcoffee.2．“你愿意和我们外出吗？”“是的，我愿意。”—Wouldyoulike________________________withus?—________,________________________.3．——米勒先生想要什么？——他想要一杯茶。—____________Mr.Millerlike?—____________acupoftea.4．“您想要哪种面？”“我想要牛肉面。”—What________________noodles________you________?—I’dlike________________.5．“你想要些橙汁吗?”“不，谢谢。我现在不想要饮料。”—Wouldyoulike______orangejuice?—No,thanks.Idon’twant______drinksnow.二、句型转换6．She'dlikesomemuttonandpotatoesforlunch.(就句子画线部分提问)____________shelikeforlunch?7．I’dliketogoshoppingwithyou.（改写句子，句意不变）I__________________shoppingwithyou.8．Ilikedumplingsbest.(改写句子，句意不变)____________foodisdumplings.9．I'dlikesomeeggs.(改为一般疑问句)______you____________eggs?10．Wouldyoulikesomeapples?(作否定回答)______,______.八、一般过去时1、定义一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。Hewenttoschoolbybikeyesterday.2、构成(1)、be动词的过去式：am，is的过去式是was；are的过去式是were。(2)、实义动词的过去式：①、一般在词尾加edplay—played；clean—cleaned②、以字母e结尾的直接加dlive—lived；like—liked③、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变“y”为“i”,再加edstudy—studied；worry—worried④、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节单词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加edstop—stopped；plan—planned⑤、不规则变化(需熟记P141的不规则动词表)let→let；put→put；cut→cut；do→did；go→went；have→had；eat→ate；buy→bought；write→wrote；swim→swam，sing→sang，begin→began3、句型（1）、含be动词过去时的句型:其否定句是在was/were后加not其一般疑问句和特殊疑问句是把was/were提到主语前—Wereyouathomeyesterday?—Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.（2）、含实义动词过去时的句型：①、肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他.②、否定句:主语+didnot(didn't)+