山东省潍坊市2025届高三上学期10月第二次联考英语试题 含解析

2024—2025学年高三年级第二次联考英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.f19.15.B.&9.18.C.9.15.答案是C。1.Whereareprobablythespeakers?A.Athome.B.Inahotel.C.Inrestaurant.2.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutherperformance?A.Greatlypleased.B.Terriblydisappointed.C.Abitdissatisfied.3.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheexam?A.Quiteeasy.B.Verydifficult.C.Justso-S0.4.HowlongisthepetstoreopeneverySunday?A.8hours.B.9hours.C.10hours.5Whoisthemanprobablytalkingto?A.Areporter.B.Ashopassistant.C.Atravelagent.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdayisittoday?A.Thursday.B.Friday.C.Saturday.7.WhatisthewomanlikelytodoinToronto?A.DealwithherworkB.Relaxherself.C.Meetherfriends.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whydidthewomanfailtosleepwelllastnight?A.Shestayeduplateworking.B.Shewasunderalotofpressure.C.Shedrankstrongteabeforebedtime.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Dosomeexercise.B.Takesleepingpills.C.Haveanearlysupper.10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.HusbandandwifeC.Fellowworks.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Sendaparcel.B.Pickupaparcel.C.Askforatrackingservice,12.Whatdoweknowaboutthepackage?AItisdamaged、B.Ithasbeenlost.C.Itwillarriveatitsdestination.13.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelintheend?A.Satisfied.B.WorriedC.Annoyed.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Lookingatsomephotos.B.Planningaclassreunion.C.Organizingabirthdayparty.15.WhyisAmyunhappy?A.Shelostherpet.B.Shecan’tkeepadog.C.Shecan’tjointhespeakers.16.Whoisthewomanprobablytalkingto?A.Herteacher.B.Herschoolmate.C.Hergoodfriend.17.Whatwillthewomandothisevening?A.Sendthemansomething.B.Decoratetheclassroom.C.TakeAmybacktoschool.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthelastreasonforeatinginsects?A.Insectsareagreatsourceofprotein.B.Theworld’spopulationisincreasing.C.Raisinginsectsismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.19.WhatisDrorTamir’sattitudetowardseatinginsects?A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Positive.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthespeech?A.Theinsectfarmingindustryisdevelopingrapidly.B.Onlyseveralcompaniescreatedmealsmadefrominsects.C.Eatinginsectshasbecomepopularinthelasttwentyyears.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMathematicsforComputerScienceThissubjectoffersanintroductiontodiscretemathematics(离散数学)orientedtowardcomputerscienceandengineering.CourseMeetingTimesLectures:3sessions/week,1.5hour/sessionProblemSets(psets)Problemsetsaccountfor20%ofthefinalgrade.Makingareasonableeffortontheproblemsetsis,formoststudents,crucialformasteringthecoursematerial.Problemsetsaredesignedtobecompletedinatmost3hours;thetimeismonitoredthroughstudentreports.OnlineFeedbackProblemsOnlineproblemstobecompletedbeforemostclassmeetingsarepostedontheclasswebsite.Theseconsistofstraightforwardquestionsthatprovideusefulfeedbackabouttheassignedmaterial.Somestudentsprefertotrytheonlineproblemsbeforereadingthetextorwatchingvideosasanadvanceguidetogoingoverthematerial;that’sfine.Watchingdesignatedvideos,oratleastlookingatthelecture-slidehandouts,isgenerallyhelpfulbutoptional.Liketeamproblem-solvinginclass,onlineproblemsaregradedonlyonparticipation:Studentsreceivefullcreditaslongastheytrytheproblem,eveniftheiransweriswrong.Onlinefeedbackproblemsaccountfor10%ofthefinalgrade.MidtermExamsThree80-minutemidtermexamswillbegivenThemidtermexamseachaccountfor15%ofthefinalgrade.Midtermquestionswilltypicallybevariationsofpriorproblemsfromclassandpsets,andthebestwaytoprepareistoreviewonthepublishedsolutionstotheseproblems.Thefirstexamcoversallpreviousweeks’material;subsequentexamsfocusonthematerialafterthepreviousexam.FinalExamTherewillbeathree-hourfinalexam.Thisexamisworth25%ofthefinalclassgrade.ThefinalexamwillcovertheentiresubjectwithsomewhatgreateremphasisonmaterialfromafterMidterm3.Mostexamquestionswillbevariantsofproblemsassignedduringtheterm(psets,class,midterm,andonline).Itmayincludeafewquestionswhichcombinetopicsthatwereoriginallycoveredseparately.1.Whatdeterminesstudents’gradeinOnlineFeedbackProblems?A.Activeinvolvement. B.Submissiontime.C.Accuracyofanswers. D.Completionofassignments2.Whatisthemainfocusofthefinalexam?A.Variantsofproblemsets. B.Combinedtopicsinclass.C.Thecontentaftermidtermexams. D.Thewhole-termcoursematerials.3.Whichofthefollowingweighsthemostinthefinalgrade?A.FinalExam. B.MidtermExams.C.ProblemSets. D.OnlineFeedbackProblems【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了计算机数学这一门课程的相关事宜。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章OnlineFeedbackProblems部分第二段“Liketeamproblem-solvinginclass,onlineproblemsaregradedonlyonparticipation:Studentsreceivefullcreditaslongastheytrytheproblem,eveniftheiransweriswrong.(就像课上团队解决问题一样，在线反馈问题的评分仅基于参与度，只要学生尝试解决问题，即使答案错误也能获得满分。)”可知，决定学生在线反馈问题的分数在于学生的参与度，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章FinalExam部分“ThefinalexamwillcovertheentiresubjectwithsomewhatgreateremphasisonmaterialfromafterMidterm3.(期末考试将涉及整个课程内容，但会更多地强调第三次中期考试后的内容。)”可知，期末考试的重点在于中期考试之后的内容，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章ProblemSets(psets)中的信息“Problemsetsaccountfor20%ofthefinalgrade.”(问题集占最终成绩的20%。)；OnlineFeedbackProblems中的信息“Onlinefeedbackproblemsaccountfor10%ofthefinalgrade.”(在线反馈问题占最终成绩的10%。)；MidtermExams中的信息“Three80-minutemidtermexamswillbegiven.Themidtermexamseachaccountfor15%ofthefinalgrade.”(将进行三次长达80分钟的中期考试，每次考试占最终成绩的15%。)；FinalExam中的信息“Therewillbeathree-hourfinalexam.Thisexamisworth25%ofthefinalclassgrade.”(将进行一次长达三小时的期末考试，考试成绩占最终成绩的25%。)”可知，将进行三次中期考试，每次考试占最终成绩的15%，故中期考试总共占15%*3=45%，比例占据最大，故选B。BItallstartedwithasimplequestion;“CanIpaintyourportrait(肖像)?”Inthesummerof2015,BrianPetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoes,aboutthepowerofloveinaction,whenhisquietwasdisturbedbyahomelessman.Inspiredbythebook,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtointroducehimself.Inthatfirstconversation,Petersonlearnedthattheman’snamewasMattFariswhofailedtopursueacareerinmusicandendedupbeinghomeless.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedinprobablyayear,hadovergrownfingernails,andprobablyhadn’thadashowerinclosetoayear.”EventhoughPetersonhadn’tpiokedupapaintbrushinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait.Farissaidyes.Peterson’sconnectionwithFarisledhimtoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofmembersofthecommunitywhoareunhoused.Workingfromablack-and-whitephotoofthesubject,Petersonchoosescolorsinspiredbythesubject’spersonalityandlifestory,creatinganimpressiveportrait.Petersonsellsthestrikingartwork,signedbybothsubjectandartist,dividingtheproceedsandputtinghalfintowhathecallsa“loveaccount”forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.ManyofPeterson’snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities.ButPetersonhaslearnednottomakeassumptionsaboutwhatapersonneedsmost.“I’vemadeamistakethinkingIknewwhatpeoplewanted,”hesays,“butwhydon’twejustaskthem?”Petersonhasdiscoveredthatthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.Thebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwiseoverlooked.“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”Petersonsays.4.WhatbroughtPetersonandFaristogether?A.BeautyonFaris’face. B.Inspirationfromabook.C.Peterson’spassionforart. D.Faris’sufferinginhislife.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mistake”inparagraph5referto?A.Sellingthehomeless’portraitsforprofits.B.Givinginstantnecessitiestothehomeless.C.Askingthehomelessfortheirneedsdirectly.D.Takingwhatthehomelesswantforgranted.6.WhatdoesPetersonimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Thehomelessaregainingmoreconcern.B.Thelifeofthehomelessisdifferentnow.C.Buyersvaluefriendshipwiththehomeless.D.FiguresinPeterson’spaintingsarepopular.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthistext?A.Agoodmodeliskeytoafineartwork.B.Anexpecteddecisionmakesagreatartist.C.Apicturereallyisworthathousandwords.D.Eachunfortunatepersonhashisownmisfortune.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Peterson通过绘画帮助无家可归者改善生活的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inspiredbythebook,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtointroducehimself.Inthatfirstconversation,Petersonlearnedthattheman’snamewasMattFariswhofailedtopursueacareerinmusicandendedupbeinghomeless.(受到这本书的启发，Peterson做出了一个意想不到的决定：他要上前自我介绍。在第一次交谈中，Peterson得知这位男士的名字叫MattFaris，他曾试图追求音乐事业，但最终流落街头成了无家可归的人)”可知，Peterson是因为受到书中爱的力量的启发，决定去做自我介绍，从而接触到了Faris。故选B。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词前一句话“ButPetersonhaslearnednottomakeassumptionsaboutwhatapersonneedsmost.(但Peterson已经学会了不要假设一个人最需要什么)”以及划线单词的后半句“thinkingIknewwhatpeoplewanted(以为我知道人们想要什么)”可知，Peterson承认他曾经认为自己知道别人想要什么，这是一个错误，所以mistake在这指代“把无家可归者想要的东西视为理所当然”。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Petersonhasdiscoveredthatthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.Thebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwiseoverlooked.“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”Petersonsays.(Peterson发现成品的价值不仅仅在于它们给那些身处困境的人带来的金钱。购买者往往会与画中人的故事产生共鸣，发现与那些他们可能忽视的人之间的相似之处，并常常建立起友谊。“人们经常告诉我，‘我以前是那种会绕道走的人。但现在我看无家可归者的方式不一样了，’”Peterson说)”可推知，Peterson认为其作品拉近购买者和流浪者的距离，使得流浪者获得更多关注。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“Petersonhasdiscoveredthatthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.((Peterson发现成品的价值不仅仅在于它们给那些身处困境的人带来的金钱)”以及““Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”Petersonsays.(“人们经常告诉我，‘我以前是那种会绕道走的人。但现在我看无家可归者的方式不一样了，’”Peterson说)”可知，Peterson的画作不仅带来了经济上的帮助，更重要的是它改变了人们对无家可归者的看法，从而产生了深远的影响。由此可推知，我们从文章了解到“一幅图画真的值千言万语”。故选C。CTheMalagasybaobabtree,whosethicktrunksandtinybranchesdotMadagascar’slandscape,shouldnot,byrights,havesurvivedtothepresentday.Scientistsbelievethatitslargeseedswereoncespreadbythegianttortoisesandlemurmonkeysthatwanderedtheisland.Whenthesespecieswentextinctoveronethousandyearsagoowingtohumanactivity,thebaobabtreeshouldhavedisappearedtoo.Itdidnot.SehenoAndriantsaralazaattheUniversityofAntananarivoandOnjaRazafindratsimaattheUniversityofCalifornia,nowthinktheymayknowthereasonwhy.Togetherwiththeircolleagues,thescientistsmonitored15treecanopies(树冠)inawesternregionofMadagascar,toidentifyanyanimalsthatmighthaveclaimedtheroleofbaobab-seedspread.Theresearchersalsosetupcameratrapsaroundseed-containingfruitslyingontheground,andsearchedanyfaeces(粪便)thattheyencounteredalongthewayforthepresenceofseeds.TheyreportinthejournalBiotropicathatanativerodent(啮齿动物)knownasthewesternbunch-tailedratwascaughtoncamerahandlingwholefruitsonfouroccasions.Althoughtherewasnofootageoftheratbreakingthefruitsopen,theteamdidchanceupon13fruitsthathadbeenchewedintoandhadtheirseedsremoved.Thoughthebitemarkswerenotclearenoughtoidentifyaninitiator,thiswasclearevidencethataseed-distributinganimalwasoutthere.Theythenfoundtheecologicalequivalentofasmokinggun:baobabseedsinsevendifferentpilesofbush-pigfaces.Whilethefindingisimportantinitsownright,italsoprovidesvaluableevidencethatintroducedspeciesmaynotbeentirelyharmful.Madagascar’spigs,forexample,thoughnotnative,havemadethemselvesessentialtothesurvivaloftrulynativespecies.SimilarrelationshipsaresuspectedtoholdinSouthAmericabetweenrabbitsnativetoEuropeandplantswithnoseeddistributors.ForDrAndriantsaralaza,thatsuggeststhefullecologicalroleofintroducedspeciesshouldbeconsideredbeforetalkofextinctionbegins.8.Whatmadescientiststhinkthebaobabtreeshouldhavedisappeared?A.Theextinctionofitsseedspreader. B.ThedestructionofhumanactivitiesC.Theinadaptationofthebaobabtree. D.Theincreaseofitsnaturalenemies.9.Whatarecameratrapsusedfor?A.Seekingseed-containingfruits. B.Trackingthefootprintsofseeds.C.Recordingtheanimals’activities. D.Monitoringthebaobabtreecanopies.10.Whichismostprobablytheseed-eateraccordingtothereport?A.Thegianttortoise B.Thebunch-tailedrat.C.TheEuropeanrabbit. D.Thebush-pig.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tointroduceanewwaytoprotectthebaobabtree.B.Toshownon-nativespeciesarenotalwaysharmful.C.Tocomparedifferentkindsofseed-distributingmethods.D.Toexplaintheimportanceofprotectingendangeredspecies.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马达加斯加的猴面包树通过当地啮齿动物和野猪传播种子，这对保护本土物种具有重要意义。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Scientistsbelievethatitslargeseedswereoncespreadbythegianttortoisesandlemurmonkeysthatwanderedtheisland.Whenthesespecieswentextinctoveronethousandyearsagoowingtohumanactivity,thebaobabtreeshouldhavedisappearedtoo.(科学家们认为，这种树木的大种子曾由在岛上漫游的巨大陆龟和狐猴传播。当这些物种因人类活动而在一千多年前灭绝时，猴面包树本应随之消失)”可知，猴面包树种子传播者的灭绝使得科学家们认为猴面包树应该已经消失了。故选A项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Theresearchersalsosetupcameratrapsaroundseed-containingfruitslyingontheground,andsearchedanyfaecesthattheyencounteredalongthewayforthepresenceofseeds.(研究人员还在地面上含有种子的果实周围设置了摄像机陷阱，并检查了途中遇到的所有粪便中是否含有种子)”可知，摄像机陷阱是用来追踪种子的足迹的。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Theythenfoundtheecologicalequivalentofasmokinggun:baobabseedsinsevendifferentpilesofbush-pigfaces.(随后，他们找到了生态学上的确凿证据：在七堆灌木猪的粪便中发现了猴面包树的种子)”可知，最有可能的种子食用者是灌木猪。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文及文章最后一段“Whilethefindingisimportantinitsownright,italsoprovidesvaluableevidencethatintroducedspeciesmaynotbeentirelyharmful.(这一发现本身具有重要意义，同时也提供了宝贵的证据，表明引入物种并不一定是完全有害的)”可知，作者通过介绍马达加斯加猴面包树如何依靠本土及引入物种传播种子而得以幸存的例子，来展示非本土物种可能并不总是有害的。故选B项。DTheconceptsofdelayedsatisfaction,self-control,andself-regulationareoftenusedinterchangeablyandinconsistently.Theabilitytodelayanimpulse(冲动)foranimmediaterewardtoreceiveamorefavorablerewardatalatertimeisthestandarddefinitionofdelayedsatisfaction.Studiesshowthatdelayedsatisfactionisoneofthemosteffectivepersonalcharacteristicsofsuccessfulpeople.Peoplewholearnhowtomanagetheirneedtobesatisfiedinthemomentdevelopmoreintheircareers,relationships,health,andfinancesthanpeoplewhogiveintoit.Beingabletodelaysatisfactionisn’ttheeasiestskilltoacquire.Itinvolvesfeelingdissatisfied,whichiswhyitseemsimpossibleforpeoplewhohaven’tlearnedtocontroltheirimpulses.Choosingtohavesomethingnowmightfeelgood,butmakingtheefforttohavedisciplineandmanageyourimpulsescanresultinbiggerorbetterrewardsinthefuture.Overtime,delayedsatisfactionwillimproveyourself-controlandultimatelyhelpyouachieveyourlong-termgoalsfaster.TheSeinfeldStrategyisoneofseveralhelpfulself-satisfactiontechniquesyoucanusetoputoffsatisfactionforlongerperiodsoftime.Everydaythatyoudelaysatisfactionandavoidtemptation(诱惑),youcrossitoffyourcalendar.Afterafewdays,thiscreatesachain.Thisstrategyworkswellforpeoplewhoenjoygamification(游戏化).Ifyoufinditsatisfyingtokeepthechaingoing,you’relesslikelytogiveintotemptation.Doyoufindyourselfgoingbacktoyourtemptationswithoutthinkingaboutit?Ifthisisthecase,youcanpracticemindfulnesstobecomemoreawareofwhatyoudo.Whenyounoticeyourselfdoingsomethingoutofhabit,stopforamoment.Askyourselfwhyyou’redoingwhatyou’redoing.Takesometimetoanalyzehowyou’refeeling.Payattentiontothedetails.Takeamomentofmindulnesstointerruptyourautopiloteverytimethishappens.Themoreyoupracticethis,themoreyou’llbreakthehabitofgoingforinstantsatisfaction.12.Whatisdelayedsatisfaction?A.Makingquickdecisions. B.Givingintodesiresinstantly.C.Immediaterewardsforimpulses. D.Postponingrewardsforbetteroutcomes.13.Whyisdelayedsatisfactionhardtoattain?A.Itcanleadtomissedopportunities B.It’sbadforachievinglong-termgoals.C.It’simpossibletoresisttheinnerneeds D.It’sacomforttopossesssomethingatonce.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.ThecomplexityoftheSeinfeldStrategy B.Anexampleofself-disciplinetechniques.C.Amethodofpracticingdelayedsatisfaction. D.Theeffectivenessofkeepingthechaingoing.15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledoforreturningtemptations?A.Ignoreuselessdetails. B.Getridofoldbadhabits.C.Concentrateontrueinnerwants. D.Canceltemptationsfromthecalendar.【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了延迟满足的重要性以及如何练习延迟满。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“

Theabilitytodelayanimpulse(冲动)foranimmediaterewardtoreceiveamorefavorablerewardatalatertimeisthestandarddefinitionofdelayedsatisfaction.(延迟满足的标准定义是延迟立即获得奖励的冲动，以便稍后获得更有利的奖励的能力。)”可知延迟满足是推迟奖励以获得更好的结果。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Beingabletodelaysatisfactionisn’ttheeasiestskilltoacquire.Itinvolvesfeelingdissatisfied,whichiswhyitseemsimpossibleforpeoplewhohaven’tlearnedtocontroltheirimpulses.Choosingtohavesomethingnowmightfeelgood,butmakingtheefforttohavedisciplineandmanageyourimpulsescanresultinbiggerorbetterrewardsinthefuture.(能够延迟满足并不是最容易获得的技能。它涉及到不满意的感觉，这就是为什么对于那些还没有学会控制自己的冲动的人来说似乎是不可能的。选择现在拥有某些东西可能会感觉很好，但努力遵守纪律并控制自己的冲动可能会在未来带来更大或更好的回报。)”可知，延迟满足很难获得是因为人们无法抗拒内心的需求，故选C。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“TheSeinfeldStrategyisoneofseveralhelpfulself-satisfactiontechniquesyoucanusetoputoffsatisfactionforlongerperiodsoftime.Everydaythatyoudelaysatisfactionandavoidtemptation( 诱惑),youcrossitoffyourcalendar.Afterafewdays,thiscreatesachain.Thisstrategyworkswellforpeoplewhoenjoygamification(游戏化).Ifyoufinditsatisfyingtokeepthechaingoing,you’relesslikelytogiveintotemptation.(《宋飞传》策略是几种有用的自我满足技巧之一，你可以用它来推迟更长时间的满足感。每一天你推迟满足感并避免诱惑，你就会把它从你的日历上划掉。几天后，这就形成了一条链。这种策略对于喜欢游戏化的人来说很有效。如果你发现维持链条运转很令人满意，你就不太可能屈服于诱惑。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了一种练习延迟满足的方法。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Doyoufindyourselfgoingbacktoyourtemptationswithoutthinkingaboutit?Ifthisisthecase,youcanpracticemindfulnesstobecomemoreawareofwhatyoudo.

Whenyounoticeyourselfdoingsomethingoutofhabit,stopforamoment.Askyourselfwhyyou’redoingwhatyou’redoing.Takesometimetoanalyzehowyou’refeeling.Payattentiontothedetails.Takeamomentofmindulnesstointerruptyourautopiloteverytimethishappens.(您是否发现自己不假思索地又回到了诱惑之中？如果是这种情况，您可以练习正念以更加了解自己所做的事情。当你发现自己在做一些不习惯的事情时，停下来一会儿。问问自己为什么要做你正在做的事情。花一些时间来分析您的感受。注意细节。每次发生这种情况时，花点时间保持正念，打断你的自动驾驶)”可知，作者建议人们练习正念来抵御诱惑，即问自己为什么要做正在做的事，分析自己的感受，由此可推知，作者建议人们专注于真正的内心需求以此来抵御诱惑，故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Facinghardthingsis,well,hard.Sometimesweareforcedtosimplyshift,suchaswithalossorfailure;however,muchofthetime,wemayrecognizethedifficultiesunderneaththatneedattentionbutfeeltoooverwhelmedtoaddressthem.___16___Thedifficultiesmightbeanoutdatedhabit,atroublingmemoryoralong-ignoredconflict.Someindividualsfoolthemselvesintothinkingtherereallyisnotaproblem.It’slikesomeonetryingtoholdactivemiceunderablanketbyholdingdowntheedgesofthemovingblanket.Pullingbacktheblankettoletthemiceoutisneeded,despitebeingterrifying.Oncethemicearereleased,theremaybefurtherchallengestogetthemoutofthehouse.___17___Peopleoftenencountersimilarproblems.Avoidingorleavingthesituationappearstofixtheproblembutfailstotackletheunderlyingcause.Ratherthanrepeatedlycuttingweeds,gettingdownonthegroundandpullingtherootsismoreeffective.Facingissuesislikeuncoveringrootsfornewbeginningstoblossom.___18______19___Itfeelslikeaballed-upmessofwires.Pullinghardatonlyonewireactuallytightenstheknot.Wehavetotakeacalmerlookandpullaparteachwireoneatatime.Wecan’texpectthewirestoloosenorunwindthemselves.___20___Nevertheless,oncetheyhavebeenfreed,theycansometimesbeseparated,putaside,andusedasneeded.A.Theyarejustthereandpartofthechaos.B.Andhumansaremastersofavoidanceanddenial.C.TheoverallbenefitsfromtoughworkenablegrowthD.Makingchangesinone’slifeishardandcomplicated.E.Sadly,itoftenworsenswhenweapproachitwithanger.F.However,problemscannotbefacediftheyarenotfirstrecognized.G.Quickfixesmightprovidereliefintheshorttermbutoftennotinthelongterm.【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.D20.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在面对困难时我们应该怎么做。【16题详解】根据空前“Facinghardthingsis,well,hard.Sometimesweareforcedtosimplyshift,suchaswithalossorfailure;however,muchofthetime,wemayrecognizethedifficultiesunderneaththatneedattentionbutfeeltoooverwhelmedtoaddressthem.(面对困难的事情很难。有时，我们被迫简单地改变，比如面对失败时；然而，在大多数情况下，我们可能会认识到需要关注的困难，但感到不堪重负，无法解决这些问题)”可知，前文提到我们在面对困难时，感到不堪重负，无法解决，故B项“人类就擅长回避和否认。”能够承接前文，我们对于困难，感到不堪重负，无法解决，我们就擅长回避和否认，故选B项。【17题详解】根据空前“Someindividualsfoolthemselvesintothinkingtherereallyisnotaproblem.It’slikesomeonetryingtoholdactivemiceunderablanketbyholdingdowntheedgesofthemovingblanket.Pullingbacktheblankettoletthemiceoutisneeded,despitebeingterrifying.Oncethemicearereleased,theremaybefurtherchallengestogetthemoutofthehouse.(一些人自欺欺人地认为真的没问题。这就像有人试图通过按住移动的毯子边缘，将活跃的老鼠夹在毯子下。尽管很可怕，但需要拉开毯子让老鼠出来。一旦老鼠被释放，将它们带出房子可能会面临进一步的挑战)”可知，空前提到一些人选择自欺欺人，认为没有问题，并用老鼠举例，故F项“然而，如果不先认识到问题，就无法面对问题。”能够承接前文，一些人总是选择自欺欺人，认为没有问题，但如果不先认识到问题，就无法面对问题，故选F项。【18题详解】根据空前“Avoidingorleavingthesituationappearstofixtheproblembutfailstotackletheunderlyingcause.Ratherthanrepeatedlycuttingweeds,gettingdownonthegroundandpullingtherootsismoreeffective.Facingissuesislikeuncoveringrootsfornewbeginningstoblossom.(逃避或离开这种情况似乎可以解决问题，但无法解决根本原因。与其反复除草，倒在地上拔根更有效。面对问题就像解开新开端绽放的根源)”可知，空前提到，逃避或离开似乎能解决问题，但无法解决根本原因，故G项“快速解决可能会提供短期的轻松，但无法提供长期的轻松。”能够承接前文，逃避或离开这种情况似乎可以解决问题，但这样的快速解决只能提供短期的轻松，无法长期地解决问题，故选G项。【19题详解】根据空后“Itfeelslikeaballed-upmessofwires.Pullinghardatonlyonewireactuallytightenstheknot.(它就感觉像一团乱糟糟的电线。只要用力拉一根铁丝，就会打结)”可知，空后提到它就像是一团乱糟糟的电线，故D项“改变生活是困难而复杂的。”能够承接后文，空后的it指代D项中的“makingchanges”，做出改变是困难而复杂的，它就像是一团乱糟糟的电线，只要用力一拉，就会打结，故选D项。【20题详解】根据空前“Wecan’texpectthewirestoloosenorunwindthemselves.(我们不能指望电线会自动松动或解开)”可知，A项“它们就在那里，是混乱的一部分。”能够承接前文，是前文的顺义承接，我们不能指望电线会自动松开或解开，它们就在那里，是混乱的一部分，A项中的they指代前文的“wires”，故选A项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Madelinesatonherbedandtriedtowrite.Tearsdroppedontothepage,makingtheink___21___.Herbestfriendwasmoving,andherheart___22___asshepennedhowmuchshewouldmisshim.Sheheardhermotherspeakingdownstairs,butthewordswere___23___.Thiswasa___24___,ashermothersaid,“Kidsheragedon’tknowwhatloveis!”UncleJoerespondedinalowtone.___25___,Madelinecouldn’tcatchwhatwassaid.Shecontinuedtowriteuntilshereachedtheendand___26___,shelaidherheadonthepillowandsobbed.Then,shefelta___27___handonhershoulder.“It’sgoingtobeokay.Youcan___28___eachother,right?”Madeline___29___herhead.“MomsaysI’mnotoldenoughforaphone.”UncleJoeanswered___30___,“ButI’mfriendswithLeo’sdad.YourmomsaidyoucantalktoLeoonmyphone.Plus,Igaveherhisnumber.”Hedidn’ttellherthathermomhadthoughtitallsillyandunnecessary.Madeline___31___,throwingherarmsaroundUncleJoe’sneck.“Thankyou!”“Noproblem.”Hiseyesfellonthe___32___.“WantmetoensurethisgetstoLeo?”Madelinenodded“Feellikeplayingagame?IpromiseIwon’tmessaround.”Madelinesmiled—smallbut___33___.UncleJoewouldn’treadtheletter;she___34___him.Asurethingwasthathissisterwasmistaken.Thoughonlyeight,MadelineandLeosharedapure,innocentbond—untouchedby___35___.21.A.emerge B.bleed C.leak D.escape22.A.raced B.hesitated C.ached D.melted23.A.indistinct B.sharp C.pale D.impolite24.A.burden B.warning C.bonus D.blessing25.A.Instead B.Anyway C.Again D.Moreover26.A.worried B.confused C.bored D.exhausted27.A.comforting B.firm C.smooth D.tre