2023年高考英语话题词汇+阅读+写作：自然灾害

专题07自然灾害一备战2023高考英语话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读

+写作）

目录内容

板块一话题词汇过关

1

板块二话题短语表达过关

板块三话题句型练笔

板块四话题阅读训练

1

板块五话题写作训练

一：话题词汇过关

1.earthquaken.地震21.rescuen.救援

2.landsliden.滑坡22.disastern.灾难

3.snowstormn.暴风雪23.sheltern.掩蔽；藏身处

4.hitvt.袭击24.buryvt.埋

5.shakevi.晃动25.damagevt.破坏；损坏

6.hurricanen.飓风26.frightenedadj.害怕的

7.typhoonn.台风27.terrifyvt.使恐惧；使惊吓

8.tornadon.龙卷风28.ashn.灰；灰末

9.droughtn.干旱29.victimn.受害者

10.alarmn.警报30.catastrophen.灾难；灾祸

11.humidadj.潮湿的31.radioactiveadj.放射性的

12.humidityn.湿气,湿度32.panicn&vi.惊慌；恐慌

13.phenomenonn.现象33.muddyadj.泥泞的

14.shaken.摇；震动34.lavan.熔岩；岩浆

15.burstvi.爆发；爆炸35.meltvi.融化

16.ruinn.废墟36.tidaladj.潮汐的；有涨落的

17.injurevt.损害37.worsenvi.（使）恶化

18.destroyvt,破坏；毁坏38.fierceadj,狂暴的；恶劣的

19.uselessadj.无用的39.sufferingn,遭受，遭罪

20.shockvt.使...震惊40.calmlyadv.镇静地

1

41.scaryadj.恐怖的；吓人的58.comfortvt.安慰

42.tidaladj.受潮水影响的;有涨落的59.effortn.努力

43.tropicaladj.热带的60.well-trainedadj.训练有素的

44.tsunamia.海啸61.properadj.恰当的；合适的

45.typhoonn.台风62.properlyadv.适当地

46.deliberatelyadv.蓄意地；审慎地63.smellyadj.有臭味的；发臭的

47.dustyadj.满是灰尘的64.surroundvt.围绕；包围

48.panicn.恐慌;惊慌65.surroundingadj.周围的

49.powerfuladj.强有力的66.surroundingsn.环境

50.sensevt.感觉67.complainv.抱怨;埋怨

51.lossn.损失68.greenhousen.温室

52.terribleadj.可怕的69.habitatn.栖息地

53.emergencyn,紧急情况70.hurricanen.飓风

54.nervousadj.神经质的，紧张的71.landsliden.山体滑坡

55.worriedadj.担心的72.meltvi.融化

56.fimdn.资金，基金73.rainbown.彩虹

57.providevt.提供74.sandstormn.沙尘暴

二：话题短语表达过关

2

1.makeone'sescape逃脱

2.keepone'shead保持冷静

3.inthefhceof面临

4.muchtoo太...

5.holdonto保住，守住；保存，保留；坚持

6.inanorderlyline整齐地排成一行，有序的一行/一队

7.toon〉'sgreatrelief令某人极为欣慰的是

8.clear...of...清除掉...的....

9.vetpreparedfor为...做准备

10.makethedifferencebetweenlifbanddeath起着生死攸关的作用

11.blowaway吹走，刮走；炸飞

12.thunderandlightning雷电交加

13.weatherforecast天气预报

14.greenhouseeffect温室效应

15.globalwanning全球变暖

16.rightaway立刻；马上

17.calmdown平静下来

18.burstout爆发

19.burstinto突然...

20.inruins废墟

21.diRout挖掘

22.giveout分发;发出

23.preparefor为...做准备

24.insteadof代替;不是

25.atanend完结，结束

26.agreatnumberof大量的

27.onone'sway在路上;快要到来

28.raisehinds筹集基金

29.eothrough经历，经受

30.makeconnectionswith与...联系起来

-3-

31.asenseoffbarandconfUsion恐惧和困惑感

32.beshockedat对...感到震惊

33.takeshelterfh)m躲避

34.breakdown垮掉

35.crowdin涌入

36.blowdown吹倒

三：话题句型练笔

1..On20Decembunaseriesofhueewavescausedbyanunderseaearthquakeraced___________

acrosstheoceannearGoldshoreandleftthousandsdead.

12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面，造成数千人死亡。

2.Dadwaslisteningtoaweatherreportontheradio,whileMumwasputtinetheir_______________

importantdocumentsanddisastersuppliesintoabag.

爸爸在用收音机听天气预报，而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件及救灾物资装进包里。

3.NearlyseveateencenturieshadrolledawaybeforethecityofPompeiiwasdug______________

fromitssilentrestingplace.

将近17个世纪过去了，庞贝城才从它沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来。

4.Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,Iwouldhavebeeninjured.

我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。

5.WhatthedirectorwantstotellDeopleisthatweshouldtakemeasurestobeautify

theenvironment.

导演想告诉我们的是我们应该采取措施美化环境。

6.Amajorityofpeopleholdthebeliefthatclimatechangeisthepressingthreat_________________

formankind.

大多数人认为气候的变化是对人类紧迫的威胁。

7.Thisdisasterinjuredthousandsofpeopleandlefttensofthousandsofpeople_________________

homeless.

这次灾害使数千人受伤，数万人无家可归。

8.DisasterDayisaimingatproposingeveryonetostopdoin?thethingsthatwill________________

causenaturaldisaster.

自然灾害日旨在提倡大家停止做会导致自然灾害的事情。

-4-

9.Naturaldisastershavecausedserioustragedy,makingplentyofpeopleinjured

ordead.

自然灾害已造成严重的悲剧，导致很多人受伤或死亡。

四：话题阅读训练

(A)

Itsoundsimpossiblefora500-poundbeartobreakintoahousethroughasmallwindow.

ButtheanimalknownasHanktheTankisnoordinarybear:Hehasusedhisextraordinary

strengthtoforceintoatleast28garagesinSouthLakeTahoeandisresponsiblefor

152reportsofconflictbehaviorwiththelocalpeopleoverthepastsevenmonths.

“Thissmartbeardoesnotbreakintoagaragewheretrashiskept,“thepolice

departmentsaidinastatement."Hehangsoutintheneighborhoodquiteoftenbecause

hehasbeencontinuouslyrewardedwithfoodstoredingarages.’

Themostrecentincidentoccurredlatelastweek,whenlocalpoliceofficerswere

calledtoahomeonCatalinaDrivewhenHankbrokeintoanothergarageandthepolice

departmenthasplannedaspecialtrappingefforttoremoveHanktheTankfromthe

neighborhood.Afterhe'scaught,itwilldecidewhetherhecanbeplacedinacontrolled

habitatorwhetherheshouldbekilled."WehopethatHankcanavoidthesadending

ofanotherfamousbearfromtheTahoearea,“itsaid.

LikeHanktheTank,the500-poundbearnamedtheSafewayBearhadlostitsfearof

people.ItwasknownfordrivingawayKingsBeachget-togethers,helpingitselftoa

birthdaycakeandothertreats.In2020,itwascaughtoncamerastealingfoodfroma

grocerystoreatLakeTahoe'snorthernshore.

ThebearwaseventuallytrappedandsenttoaremotewildhabitatinElDoradoCounty.

Itstrackingcollarwasfoundinthewoodsinthespringof2021,leadingbiologists

tohopethatithadsuccessfullygottenusedtoanaturaldietandlostweight,allowing

thecollartoslipoff.

Butthetruthwasveryheart-breaking.Thebigbearwasreducedtoashellofits

formerselfandwaskilledatacampgroundwhereafamilygatheringincludedsmall

children.

-5-

“Theactionoftheshooterwasthemosthumaneoutcomeforthisbear,“saidone

ofthebiologists.

1.Whatdothepoliceofficersprobablysuggestthepublicdo?

A.Avoidmixingfoodleftoverswithgarbage.

B.Replacesmallwindowswithbiggerones.

C.CallthepoliceoncetheyseeHanktheTank.

D.Putfoodoutsidetohelpthetrappingeffort.

2.WherewastheSafewayBearsent?

A.ElDoradoCounty.B.KingsBeach.

C.CatalinaDrive.D.LakeTahoe.

3.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheSafewayBear?

A.IthadahardlifeintheTahoearea.

B.Itlostitsabilitytoliveinthewild.

C.Itsuccessfullygotusedtoanaturaldiet.

D.Itstolefoodandkilledpeopleonthebeach.

4.Whatisthebiologist'sattitudetotheactionoftheshooter?

A.Opposed.B.Skeptical.C.Supportive.D.Unconcerned.

参考答案：

1.推理判断题。根据第二段的“"Thissmartbeardoesnotbreakintoagaragewhere

trashiskept,“thepolicedepartmentsaidinastatement."Hehangsoutinthe

neighborhoodquiteoftenbecausehehasbeencontinuouslyrewardedwithfoodstoredin

garages."（“这只聪明的熊不会闯入存放垃圾的车库，”警察局在一份声明中说。“他经常在

附近闲逛，因为它不断得到存放在车库里的食物作为奖励。"）“可推知，警方很可能建议避免

把剩余的食物与垃圾混在一起。故选A

2.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段Thebearwaseventuallytrappedandsenttoaremote

wildhabitatinElDoradoCounty.（这只熊最终被困住，并被送到了位于埃尔多拉多县的一个

偏远的野生栖息地）”可知，SafewayBear被送到了ElDoradoCounty。故选Ao

3.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Itstrackingcollarwasfoundinthewoodsinthe

springof2021,leadingbiologiststohopethatithadsuccessfullygottenusedtoa

naturaldietandlostweight,allowingthecollartoslipoff.（2021年春天，人们在树

-6-

林里发现了它的追踪项圈，这让生物学家们希望它已经成功适应了自然饮食并减肥，让项圈得以

滑落）”和第二段的“Butthetruthwasveryheart-breaking.Thebigbearwasreducedto

ashellofitsformerselfandwaskilledatacampgroundwhereafamilygatheringincluded

smallchildren.（但事实却非常令人心碎。这只大熊沦落为以前的自己的外壳，在一个营地被杀

死，在那里，一个有孩子的家庭聚会在举行）”可知，SafewayBear失去了在野外生活的能力，

在一个宿营地被杀死了。故选B。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的“"Theactionoftheshooterwasthemosthumaneoutcome

forthisbear,"saidoneofthebiologists.（“射击者的行为对这只熊来说是最人道的结

果，”其中一位生物学家说）”可知，这位生物学家对射击者的行为是支持的。故选C。

（B）

ElNino,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermen

whonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotoseven

years,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNinoseeswarm

water,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwinds

thatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.

Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.Richcountriesgain

morefrompowerfulNinos,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNinoin

1997-98helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetter

agriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalrisein

agriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.

ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought（干旱）in

south-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomay

relievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandother

disasters.

ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcaused

damageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,and

somuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.Accordingtothe

OverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI）,however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthe

pasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuilding

-7-

afterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleast

twoonreconstruction.

Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure（基础设施）canreducethespreadof

disease.Bettersewers（下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyan

outbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikely

tobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMr

Hsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino9sharmfuleffects一andthe

poorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbe

causal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducethe

riskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.Sincethepoorest

areleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducing

theirlossesneedstobethepriority.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?

A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.

B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.

C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.

D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.

2.WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?

A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.

B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.

C.Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.

D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.

3.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.

A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction

B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid

C.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensation

0.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst

4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.

B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.

-8-

C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.

D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.

参考答案：

1.D解析细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源，发生的时间、地点、现

象的成因等内容。根据文中“backeastwards”和“normallyblowwestwards”等关键词可知

D项正确。

2.C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中uRichcountriesgainmore...“排除A项,

错误点出在fall一词;B项的说法没有根据，文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less一词，从文章

第二段和第三段的说明可知，一些贫困的国家，如印度尼西亚，遭受到严重的干旱，影响了国家的

经济发展。c项的题源句为第二段中RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNinos,onbalance,

thantheylose.",句意为“总的来说，富裕国家得大于失J

3.A解析推理判断题。题源句为第四段"AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopment

Institute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecades

hasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.”

句意为：然而根据海外研究所提供的数字，在过去的20年里，相比于灾后恢复和重建，只有12%的

赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just的内涵意义是“言其少”，因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有

提及,D项弄反了作者的观点。

4.D解析写作意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象，列举了其危害性，进而引出作者

写作的真实意图：厄尔尼诺现象是可预报、可预防的，因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起

来做好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全，以事实细节代替写作目的。

(C)

A1,400-year-oldPeruvianmethodofdiverting(□□)watercouldsupplyupto100

millioncubicmetersofwater一^equalto40,000Olympic-sizeswimmingpools*worthof

watertoLimaeachyear,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinNatureSustainability.

It*soneexampleofhowancientmethodscouldsupportexistingmodemonesincountries

withoutenoughwater.

Morethanabillionpeopleacrosstheworldfacewatershortages.Man-madereservoirs

storerainwaterandwateroverflowforuseduringdriertimes.Butreservoirsarecostly,

requireyearstoplanandcanstillfailtomeetwaterneeds.

Peru*scapital,Lima,dependsonwaterfromrivershighintheAndesMountains.It

-9-

inthemountains,thewatersupplyquicklydisappears.Thecitysuffersshortagesof

43millioncubicmetersduringthedryseason.Itsolvesthiswithmodemstructures

suchasman-madereservoirs.Thesereservoirsarenottheonlysolution,however.Over

athousandyearsago,indigenous（本地的）peopledevelopedanotherwaytosolvewater

problems.

BorisOchoa-TocachiisaresearcheratImperialCollegeLondonandleadwriterof

thestudy.Heexploredoneofthelastremainingwater-harvestingsystemsinthesmall

mountaincommunityofHuamantanga,Peru.Thesystemwasdevelopedevenbeforetheancient

Incacivilization.

The1,400-year-oldsystemisdesignedtoincreasethewatersupplyduringthedry

seasonbydivertingandslowingwaterasittravelsdownthemountains.Thisnature-based

methodismadeofspecialcanalsthatguidewaterfromitssourcetoaseriesofwater

bodiesandhillsides.Thewatergoesslowlyintotheground,thenflowsdownhillthrough

thesoilandreappearsinwaterbodiesnearthecommunity.

Theresearchersmeasuredhowmuchthesystemslowedtheflowofwaterbyinjecting

specialdyeinthehighlandsandnotingwhenitreappearedinwaterbodies.Thedyed

waterstartedtosurfacetwoweekslaterandcontinuedflowingforeightmonths一ahuge

improvementoverthehoursordaysitwouldnormallytake.

1.HowmuchwaterdoesanOlympic-sizeswimmingpoolneed?

A.4,000cubicmeters.B.2,500cubicmeters.

C.1,000cubicmeters.D.1,400cubicmeters.

2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheancientwatersystem?

A.ItwasdevelopedduringtheancientIncacivilization.

B.Itisnature-basedandmadeofspecialcanals.

C.ItisthelastwatersystemleftinHuamantanga.

D.ItcansatisfywaterneedsofLimathroughouttheyear.

3DWhatdoestheunderlinedword“this”probablyrefertoinPara.3?

A.Waterresources.B.Watersupply.

C.Watersystem.D.Watershortage.

-10-

.Whichofthefollowingordershowshowtheancient

systemworks?

a.Thewaterflowsdownhillthroughthesoil.

b.Thewatersurfacesinwaterbodies.

c.Thewatergoesslowlyintotheground.

d.Thewaterflowstowaterbodiesandhillsides.

A.d,a,b,cB.b,c,a,d

C.a,b,c,dD.d,c,a,b

参考答案：

1.答案与解析B数据计算题。根据第一段中^upto100millioncubicmetersof

water一equalto40,000OlympicQizeswimmingpools*worthofwater”可知40000个奥

运会规模的游泳池需要100000000立方米水，由此可知，一个奥运会规模的游泳池需要的水

是1000000004-40000=2500,故B项正确。

2.B间接信息题。根据第五段中“ThisnatureBasedmethodismadeofspecialcanals”

可知，这个古老的水系统是以自然为本的，且由特别的水渠组成，故B项正确。

3.D代词指代题。根据画线词前一句"Thecitysuffersshortagesof43millioncubic

metersduringthedryseason.,,可知，该城在干旱季节严重缺水，故this指watershortage,

故选项D正确。

4.D细节排序题。根据第五段提到的水从源头流到水体，然后渗入地下，再经由土壤流下

山，最后出现在社区的水源中，由此可判断出选项D正确。

五：话题写作训练

(A)

最近国内外灾害不断发生，这些灾害引起了我们对于自然所做的行为的再一次思考。

L你是如何看待自然灾害的？

2.我们应该采取哪些措施来尽可能避免这些灾害和减少损失呢？

注意：

1.词数100词左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考文章