2017职称英语《卫生A级》巩固试题及答案

2017职称英语《卫生A级》巩固试题及答案AMemoryDrug? IT’SDIFFICULTTOIMAGINEMANYTHINGSthatpeoplewouldwelcomemorethanamemory-enhancingdrug.____1____Furthermore,suchadrugcouldhelppeoplerememberpastexperiencesmoreclearlyandhelpusacquirenewinformationmoreeasilyforschoolandatwork.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutmemory,weareclosinginonthistantalizinggoal.1 SomeofthemostexcitingevidencecomesfromresearchthathasbuiltonearlierfindingslinkingLTP2andmemorytoidentifyagenethatimprovesmemoryinmice.____2____MicebredtohaveextracopiesofthisgeneshowedmoreactivityintheirNMDAreceptors，moreLTP，andimprovedperformanceonseveraldifferentmemorytasks—learningaspatiallayout3,recognizingfamiliarobjects，andrecallingafear-inducingshock. Ifthesebasicinsightsaboutgenes,LTP,andthesynapticbasisofmemorycanbetranslatedtopeople—andthatremainstobeseen—theycouldpavethewayformemory-enhancingtreatments.____3____Asexcitingasthismaysound,italsoraisestroublingissues.Considerthepotentialeducationalimplicationsofmemory-enhancingdrugs.Ifmemoryenhancerswereavailable,childrenwhousedthemmightbeabletoacquireandretainextraordinaryamountsofinformation,allowingthemtoprogressfarmorerapidlyinschoolthantheycouldotherwise.Howwellcouldthebrainhandlesuchanonslaughtofinformation?Whathappenstochildrenwhodon’thaveaccesstothelatestmemoryenhancers?Aretheyleftbehindinschool—andasaresulthandicappedlaterinlife? ____4____Imaginethatyouareapplyingforajobthatrequiresagoodmemory，suchasamanageratatechnologycompanyorasalespositionthatrequiresrememberingcustomers’namesaswellastheattributesofdifferentproductsandservices.Wouldyoutakeamemory-enhancingdrugtoincreaseyourchancesoflandingtheposition?Wouldpeoplewhofeltuncomfortabletakingsuchadrugfindthemselvescutoutoflucrativecareeropportunities? Memorydrugsmightalsohelptakethestingoutofdisturbingmemoriesthatwewishwecouldforgetbutcan’t.4The2004hitmovieEternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMindtoldthestoryofayoungmanseekingjustsuchfreedomfromthepainfulmemoriesofaromanticbreakup.Asyouwillseeinthesectiononpersistencelaterinthechapter,emotionallyarousingeventsoftencreateintrusivememories,andresearchershavealreadymutedemotionalmemorieswithdrugsthatblocktheactionofkeyhormones.Shouldemergencyworkerswhomustconfronthorrifyingaccidentscenesthatcanburdenthemwithpersistingmemoriesbeprovidedwithsuchdrugs?Shouldsuchdrugsbegiventorapevictimswhocan’tforgetthetrauma?Memorydrugsmightprovidesomerelieftosuchindividuals.Butcouldtheyalsointerferewithanindividual’sabilitytoassimilateandcometotermswithadifficultexperience?5____5____ 词汇： tantalizing诱人的synaptic(解剖学)突触的 steroid类固醇onslaught大量 lucrative有利可图的hit(演出等)成功注释： 1.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutmemory,weareclosinginonthistantalizinggoal.随着科学家们对记忆了解增多，我们正接近这一诱人的目标。 2.LTP&SNMDA：(Long-termPotentiation)给突触前纤维一个短暂的髙频剌激后，突触传递效率和强度增加几倍且能持续数小时至几天保持这种增强的现象。LTP发现海马LTP可能是学习记忆的分子基础。1973年Bliss及其合作者，电刺激麻醉兔的内嗅皮层，使海马表层的穿通纤维兴奋，可在齿状回记录到场电位。先用高频电刺激几秒钟后，再用单个电刺激，记录到的部分场电位幅度大大超过原先记录的对照值，并可持续几小时，几天。这一现象称为长时程增强效应(LTP)。1983年发现NMDA(N—甲基一D—门冬氨酸)受体通道复合体在LTP过程中起重要作用，进一步深化了对LTP在大脑学习记忆中作用的理解。 3.aspatiallayout：空间布局 4.Memorydrugsmightalsohelptakethestingoutofdisturbingmemoriesthatwewishwecouldforgetbutcan’t：增强记忆药对我们想忘记却又不能的令人烦扰的记忆变得令人易于接受。takethestingoutof：使……易于被接受;使……令人感到愉快 5.Butcouldtheyalsointerferewithanindividual’sabilitytoassimilateandcometotermswithadifficultexperience?中的cometotermswith：让步;屈服 练习： ALikesteroidsforbulkingupthemuscles,thesedrugswouldbulkupmemory. BAmemoryenhancercouldhelpeliminateforgettingassociatedwithaginganddisease. CWhatarethepotentialimplicationsofmemory-enhancingdrugsfortheworkplace? DWemayfindourselvesstrugglingwiththesekindsofquestionsinthenot-too-distantfuture. EThereisapillthatyoucouldtakeeverydaytoallowyoutoremembereverything. FThegenemakesaproteinthatassiststheNMDA2receptor，whichplaysanimportantroleinlong-termmemorybyhelpingtoinitiateLTP. 答案与题解： 1.B依据上一句的“很难想象一种提高人们记忆力的药会受到人们吹捧”;下面应该对这一现象做出解释，即这种药物有什么疗效;而后一句的Furthermore这一指示词起到了递进的作用，进一步说明这种药物的益处。Morethan：非常，极其，十分 2.F前一句的关键词是gene、LTP和mice，它讲的是有些令人兴奋的证据是从研究中得出的;该研究基于早期连接LTP和记忆的发现，该结果确定了提髙老鼠记忆的基因;而后一句进一步阐述这一发现，开头的mice可以是一个连接词。 3.A前一句讲：如果这种结果用于人类的话，人们就有可能把提高人的记忆力用于临床。这一句讲：就像类固醇用于提髙人的肌肉能