高考英语一轮Unit 1 Science And Scientists知识梳理（新选择性必修第二册）

Unit1ScienceAndScientists

------------v必备知识.自主检测/------------

I.词块记单词

1.severediarrhoea严重的腹泻

2.twocontradictorytheories两种对立的理论

3.aninfectionfromgerms细菌感染

4.needproof需要证据

5.multipledeaths多起死亡事件

6.betoblame该受责备，应承担责任

7.thehandleofthepump水泵的把手

8.showalinkbetweenAandB显示出A和B之间的联系

9.inhisuseofmapsandstatistics在他使用地图和统计数据方面

10.changethethinkingofthescientificcommunityonthisissue改变科学界

对这个问题的看法

11.announcethefinding宣布这一发现

12.castdifferentshadowsofyou投下你不同的影子

13.pouritlikealiquid像液体一样倒下

14.underone'sleadership在某人的领导下

15.anoutstandingandcreativescientist一位杰出而有创造力的科学家

II.语境记单词

1.Manypeoplearesurprisedbythetransformationthatthecompanyhasbeen____

transformedfromafamilybusinessintoamulti□million□pound

enterprise.(transform)

2.Initially,Ientirelyknewabouttheinitialstepstheytooktocreateabetter

campus.(initial)

3.Rose*sfatherisaskilledmechanicsoshehasbecomeanexpertinmechanical

problemsaboutmechanicallypoweredvehicles,too.(mechanic)

4.Inthetimeofwar,lotsofmoneywillbespentondefenceandmanymeasures

willbetakentodefendacountryfrombeingattacked,(defend)

5.Asanassistant,heassistedtheprofessorwiththeexperiment.Andhis

assistancemadetheexperimenteasiertodo.(assistant)

6.Theirdaughterhadagiftforlanguagewhiletheirsonisagifted

pianist,(gift)

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7.Acountry,whichwantstobepowerfulandsteady,shouldpayattentionto

developingitseconomysteadily.（steady）

8.ThefamousWestLakeislikeabrilliantpearlembeddedinthebeautifuland

fertileshoresoftheEastChinaSeaandshockstouristsworldwidewithits

brilliance.（brilliant）

9.Withsolidproofls）,thelawyercancertainlyprovethatheis

innocent,（prove）

10.Thesubscriberwasrichandgenerous,subscribingtwomilliondollarsto

theRedCross.（subscribe）

III.语境记短语

1.Icamedown（患病）withacoldthatforcedmetoslowdownmytraining.

2.Thereareconcernsthatanewcivilwarmaybreakout（爆发）ifnosolution

isfound.

3.Ateacher,aboveall（最重要的是）,shouldknowwhattodowiththeproblems

appearinginclasscorrectly.

4.Thanksto（幸亏）thesedonations,thepoorestofthepoorarereceivingthe

bestEqualitymedicinesonoffer.

5.Ihaveneversubscribedto（赞成）theviewthatschooldaysarethehappiest

daysofyourlife.

6.Althoughthecitypreservesagoodlookingeneral^M的来说），someofits

heritagewasdestroyedinWorldWarII.

7.Aneducatorwhoisinchargeof（主管）England'sexamssaidareviewofthe

primaryschoolcourseswouldbeachancetodecideifitshouldbetaughttoyounger

pupils.

8.Whydon'tyounegotiatedirectlywithhimandsolvethisissueonceandfbr

all（彻底地）？

IV.公式练句型

1.如果你不明白某件事，你可以调查、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白为

止。（until引导的时间状语从句）

Ifyoudon*tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,studyandtalktoother

peopleuntilyoufigureitout.

2.每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把它介绍给你们。（so...that…）

KeepingalearningdiaryeverydayissoimportantthatIwouldliketointroduce

ittoyou.

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3.我要去修一下我的电脑，因为它出故障了。(havesth.done)

Filhavemycomputerrepairedbecausethereissomethingwrongwithit.

4.这个男孩好像对参加机器人比赛非常感兴趣。(Itseemsthat...)

Itseemedthattheboywasquiteinterestedintakingpartintherobot

competition.

5.有网瘾的青少年更可能患忧郁症。(belikelytodosth.)

TeenagerswhoareaddictedtotheInternetaremorelikelytosufferfrom

depression.

-------------\关键能力•重难探究/------------

接国L练透

1.subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)

［素养佳句］Heiskindenoughtosubscriberegularlytolocalcharities.

他很善良，定期向当地的慈善机构捐款。

subscribeto订阅；同意；赞同；捐赠

subscribe...to...在...上签....；向....捐....

4基础练透---写出下列句中subscribeto的含义

①Hesubscribestotheviewthatwecantacklethesevereprobleminthisway

onceandforall.赞成；同意

②Thisistheschoolyourfathersubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.捐赠

③Usingthemoneylearnedintheholiday,Ihavesubscribedtoseveralmagazines

recently.订阅

口能力迁移一一完成句子

④AllofussubscribetotheviewthatagoodparentQhildrenrelationshipis

basedonmutualunderstandingandrespect.

我们所有人都赞成这个观点，即好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的。

subscribeto短语中to是介词，后接名词或动词Ghg形式。表示“赞成”的同义短语

有：approveof,agreewith/to等；表示“捐助”的同义短语有：contributeto,donate

to等。

2.suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象

［素养佳句］Don'tsuspecthimofhishonestybecauseheisveryreliable.

不要怀疑他的诚实，因为他很可靠。

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(l)suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事

suspectsb./sth.tobe...怀疑某人/某物是...

(2)suspicionn.怀疑；疑心

undersuspicion被怀疑

(3)suspiciousadj.怀疑的；可疑的

besuspiciousof/aboutsth.对某事怀疑

(4)suspectedadj.被怀疑的

gl基础练透一一单句语法填空

①(2020•新高考I卷)InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,

whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrug

dealing.

②Someofhiscolleaguesatworkbecamesuspicious(suspect)ofhisbehaviour.

③Manypeoplesuspecthisfriendtobe(be)akidnapper.

@Anymanwhohaswitnessedtheattackisundersuspicion.

口能力迁移一一完成句子

⑤Thebosssuspectedhimoftakingthecomputerawayfromthecompany.

老板怀疑他从公司拿走了电脑。

3.blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责

［素养佳句］Policeareblamingtheaccidentondangerousdriving.

警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。

(l)blame...fbr...因...而责备....

blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事

betoblame(for...)(因...)应承担责任；(因....)该受责备

(2)lay/puttheblame(fbr...)on...(把...)归咎于....

国基础练透一一单句语法填空

①Onceyouformthehabitofblamingtheworldforyourfailure,youarealoser.

②Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameon

thealarmclock.

③Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwastoblame(blame)for

whathadhappenedinthelab.

口能力迁移一一句式升级

Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschool

computernetwork.

④Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlow

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spirits.（过去分词短语作状语）

betoblameforsth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被

动含义。

4.decreasen.~减少；降低；减少量vt.~&vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降

低

［素养佳句］InSpainandPortugaltherehasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofyoung

peopleoutofwork.

在西班牙和葡萄牙，失业青年人数已经有所下降。

(l)decreaseby...减少了多少；increaseby...增加了多少

decreaseto...减少到多少；increaseto...增加到多少

decreasefrom...to...从...减少到....

(2)onthedecrease在减少；ontheincrease在增力口

团基础练透一一单句语法填空

①Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,thepopulationofthecityhasnowincreased

toamillion.

②Thepressureatworkisontheincreaseinalloccupations.

③Tooursorrow,populationgrowthisdecreasingby1.4%inlargecitieseach

year.

E能力迁移------句多译

由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量在减少。

@Becauseofhumanactivity,thenumberofsomerareanimalsisonthe

decrease.(decreasen.)

⑤Becauseofhumanactivity,thenumberofsomerareanimalsis

decreasing.(decreasev.)

5.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解

［素养佳句］Shewillbedefendinghertitleatnextmonth*schampionships.

她将在下月的锦标赛上争取蝉联冠军。

(l)defend...against/from(doing)...保护……免受……

defendoneself自卫；为自己辩护

（2）defencen.防御；保卫；防御物

indefence（of）保护；为了保卫；（为…）辩护

inone'sdefence为某人辩护

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叵基础练透一一单句语法填空

①(2020•浙江卷7月)Terrified,ElliandItriedallthebeardefence(defend)

actionsweknew.

②Manytreeswereplantedtheretodefendtheearthfrombeingwashed(wash)

away.

③Whenadogattackedme,Ipickedupasticktodefendmyself(I).

(4)Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifindefence._

E能力迁移------句多译

人们认为应该训练学生保护他们自己以免遭某些攻击。

@Ifsthoughtthatstudentsshouldbetrainedtodefbndthemselvesagainstsome

attacks.(defend)

@Ifsthoughtthatstudentsshouldbetrainedindefenceofthemselvesfh)m

someattacks.(defence)

6.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是

［素养佳句］Ourgoodscompeteintermsofproductquality,reliabilityandabove

allvariety.

我们的产品在质量、可靠性，尤其是品种方面颇具竞争力。

afterall毕竟;终究

allinall整体说来；总而言之

inall全部；合计

atall(否定句)一点儿也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟

firstofall首先

区1基础练透---用all的相关短语填空

①Iwasveryupsettofindoutthathedidn'tlikemygiftatall.

②Thelittlegirlwasanxiousandbegantotremble.Afterall,itwasthefirst

timethatshehadbeenonthestage.

③Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschoolinall?

口能力迁移一一完成句子

@A11inall,Isincerelyinviteyoutocometoourschoolandseeforyourself.

总之，我真诚地邀请你到我们学校来亲自看看。

7.Sb./Sth.belikelytodosth.

［素养佳句］Ifyoucanfindsuitablelearningmethods,yourlearningefficiency

islikelytoimprove.

如果你能找到合适的学习方法，你的学习效率就有可能会提高。

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(l)Sb./Sth.belikelytodosth.=It'slikelythatsb./sth....某人/某物做

某事是可能的。

(2)notlikely绝不可能，绝对不会

(3)unlikelyadj.不可能的

团基础练透一一单句语法填空

①(2019•全国I卷)Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindoware

likelytorecover(recover)atafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorsky

instead.

②Ifoneislateforajobinterview,it_isnotlikelythathewillgetthejob.

©Someonewholackspersistenceisunlikely(likely)tomakeagoodresearcher.

口能力迁移------句多译

白天这个时候他不可能来，因为他太忙了。

④Heisnotlikelytocomeatthistimeofdaybecauseheistoobusy.(likely)

⑤Itisnotlikelythathewillcomeatthistimeofdaybecauseheistoobusy.(It

islikelythat...)

版画一练全

选词填空

outstanding;shift;pour;link;fault;thanksto;breakout;comedown;once

andforall;statistic

1.Heissuchamanwhoisalwaysfindingfaultwithotherpeople.

2.ThankstothehighQpeedtrains,wecangoaroundalloverthecountrymore

conveniently.

3.Abigfirebrokeoutinthehotelyesterdayevening,whichcausedalotof

damage.

4.Shelistened,shiftingnervouslyfromonefoottoanother.

5.WhenTanesawhereffortspaidoff,tearsofhappinesspoureddownhercheeks.

6.Unfortunately,theoutstandingastronomercamedownwithasevereillness.

7.Yellowislinkedwithconfidence,selfHespectandfriendliness.

8.Statisticsshowthat50%ofnewbusinessesfailintheirfirstyearbecause

theylackenoughexperience.

9.YuanLongpingisanoutstandingChineseagriculturalexpert.

10.Wehavetohandlethismatteronceandforall.

福考对接

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I.语境猜词义

1.（2021,全国甲卷）It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblame

forgettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,

Canada.n.责任

2.（2020•天津卷7月）Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.

“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sirshedefendedherself.v.辩解

3.（2020•天津卷7月）Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,

andswitchesiton.n.可疑对象

II.一词多义

1.（2021•全国乙卷）Peoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysof

ancientGreece.C

A.v.灌，倒B.v.（雨）倾盆而下

C.v.（人）大量涌至D.v.斟（饮料）

2.（2020•新高考I卷）It'sbettertoleaveyourlistenerswishingformorethan

shiftingrestlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend.B

A.v.转移（注意力等）B.v.挪动

C.v.改变观点D.v.推卸责任

III.完成句子

1.（2021,新高考I卷写作）1havebeenadevotedreadersinceIsubscribedtothe

newspaDer.

自从我订阅了这份报纸，我就成了忠实的读者。

2.（2021,全国乙卷写作）Forinstance,itsflexibilityenablesustolearnatour

ownpaceandlearnrepeatedlyuntilwemasterwhatwearelearning.

例如，它的灵活性使我们能够按照自己的节奏学习，并反复学习，直到我们掌握了所学

的东西。

3.（2020•全国H卷写作）Webegantohelppickpeachesandthenhadthemdelivered

tothefarmers*houses.

我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。

4.（2020•全国I卷写作）Sheissopatientwitheachstudentthatwsalllikeher.

她对每位学生如此有耐心以至于我们都喜欢她。

5.（2020•全国H卷写作）Aboveall,thepickingactivityalsoinspiredourlove

oflabour.

最重要的是，这次采摘活动也激发了我们对劳动的热爱。

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课堂效果•巩固训练

I.单词拼写

1.Thepartysufferedsevere(十分严重的)lossesduringthelastelection.

2.Hewasanoutstanding(杰出的)athleteanddeservedtowin.

3.Thesechildrenhavehealthproblemslinked(相关联)toapoordietandalack

ofexercise.

4.Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforan

engineertohandle(处理)theproblem.

5.Itisnotyourfault(过错),soyouneedn*tmakeanapologytoJim.

6.Standingatthewindow,Iwatchedtherainpouring(倾泻)down.

7.Mymainreasonforsubscribing(订阅)toNewScientististokeeppaceof

advancesinscience.

II.单句语法填空

1.Duetothestricttrafficregulationsondrunkdriving,thenumberof

accidentshasdKcreasad(decrease)recently.

2.Whenthingsgowrong,allofusnaturallyfeeldisappointedandfrustrated

(frustrate).

3.Doyourememberthosepuzzleswhereyouhadtotransformonewordintoanother?

4.Theyoung