2024年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编6阅读理解-科教科普类含解析

PAGE2024年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编（6）阅读理解-科教科普类1.

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

"Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,"Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.(1).Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.(2).WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A.Parents'age. B.Children'simagination.C.Parents'education. D.Child-parentrelationship.(3).Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften. B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage. D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(4).Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram.2.

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters."Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea."

In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem."Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,"saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.(1).Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers. B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin. D.Significanceoffoodselection.(2).WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys. B.Nearrivers. C.Onthebeach. D.Offthecoast.(3).WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday. B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater. D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.(4).Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea B.Highlanders'SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearch D.TheWorld'sBestDivers3.

Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),characteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.

BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool.

"Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers,"Padilla-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence—whichcanbetaught—arekeytoachild'slifesuccess."

Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressed;childrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主权).

Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.keyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.

Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.(1).WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors'study?A.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting. B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles. D.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.(2).Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoretheirdemands. B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Controltheirbehaviors. D.Explaintherulestothem.(3).Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Singleparents. B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers. D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.(4).Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathersB.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFutureC.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFatherD.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance4.

Agroupofblue-facedbirdsstepthroughthegrassshouldertoshoulder,redeyeslookingaround.Theylooklikemiddleschoolersseekingacafeteriatableatlunchtime.Perhapsthey'renotsodifferent.

Anewstudy,ledbyDamienFarine,anornithologistwhostudiescollectivebehaviour,showsthatvulturineguineafowlsofeasternAfrica,likehumans,havemultilevelsocieties.Inthepast,scientistsassumedsuchsocialstructuresrequiredalotofbrainpower.Butthepea-brainedguineafowlsarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption.

Theselargebirdswanderacrossthelandscapeinpacks,oftenwalkingsocloselythattheirbodiestouch.Theymayfighteachothertomaintaintheirstricthierarchies(等级制度),butatothertimestheyengageinfriendlybehaviourslikesharingfood.

Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudyoftheirsociety.Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Colouredlegbandsinuniquecombinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday.

Thefindingsoftheresearchsuggestthatvulturineguineafowlshaveamultilevelsociety.Therearegroupswithingroupswithinthepopulationasawhole.Thereevenseemtobegroupsoffriendswithinthesmallgroups.Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasobservedsuchasocietyinabird.

AndDr.Farineemphasizesthisparticularbird'stinybrainsize."Theydon'tonlyhavesmallbrainsrelativetomammals(哺乳动物);theyalsohavequitesmallbrainsrelativetootherbirds,"hesaid.

Accordingtohim,livinginthiskindofsocietymightactuallymakeiteasiertokeeptrackofthesocialorder.Forexample,ifgroupsarestableandabirdcanidentifyjustoneortwoindividualswithinagroup,itknowswhichgroupit'slookingat—noneedforabrainthatcanrecognizeeverysingleanimal.Multilevelsocietiesalsoletanimalsadjusttheirgroupsizesbasedonwhateverchallengesthey'refacing.Dependingonwhatenemiesorresourcesarearound,itmightmakesensetotravelinacombinedgroupratherthanasmallerone.

"Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,"Dr.Farinesaid.Theremaybemorebirdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havemultilevelsocietiesasourown.(1).Accordingtothepassage,whatinspiredDr.Farinetocarryoutthestudy?A.Theguineafowl'ssocialbehaviour. B.Previousassumptionsaboutbirds.C.Hisinterestinanimals'brainpower. D.Thefaultsinearlierresearch.(2).WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theresearchsubjects. B.Theresearchmethods.C.Theresearchfindings. D.Theresearchequipment.(3).Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Complexsocialsystemscanbeadisadvantagetoguineafowls.B.Guineafowlsaregoodatrecognizingindividualsinagroup.C.Birdsmaintainthesocialorderbytravellingincombinedgroups.D.Small-brainedanimalscanformmultilevelsocieties.(4).Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topresentthefindingsofastudyoftheguineafowl.B.Toexplaintheinteractionpatternsinmultilevelsocieties.C.Tointroduceanewapproachtoobservingtheguineafowl.D.Touncovercluesabouthowcomplexsocietiesareformed.5.Onesheep,twosheep.Wait,whyarewecountingsheepagain?Countingsheeptofallasleepisamethodthatseemstobeasoldastime.Buthaveyoueverstoppedtothinkaboutwhythey’resheep?Whynotcats?Ordogs?Whiletheoriginofwhypeoplecountsheeptofallasleephasnoexactroot,there’reafewguesses.Themostpopularbelief,accordingtoMentalFloss,hastodowithshepherdsinBritaininMiddleAges.Apparently,ifshepherdsusedcommunalgrazingland(公共牧场),theywereresponsibletokeepaheadcountoftheirsheepeachnightSobeforegoingtosleep,theycountedtheirsheeptoensuretheywereallaccountedfor.Butatleastonebookclaimsthelinkbetweensheepandsleepgoesbackevenfurther,reportsMentalFloss.“AchapterinDisciplinaClericalissuggeststhatcountingsheephasalreadybeenpartofcertainculturesforcenturies.”Sodoescountingsheeptofallasleepactuallywork?Apparently,youmightwanttoseekotheroptionsfirst.“Involvingthebraininarelaxing,repetitivetaskslowsthemind,andstopsourracingstressfulthoughtsfromtakingover,”saysHilaryThompson,ahealthconsultant.“Unfortunately,countingsheepisn’toneofthesehelpfultasks.ResearchersatOxfordUniversityputittothetestanddiscoveredthatsubjectswhopicturedrunningwaterfallsandriverscouldfallasleepmorequickly.”Inadditiontopicturingsomethingrelaxing,breathingtechniquesalsotendtobeveryeffectivesleepingaids.“Iprefertoteachpatientsthebreathwork,”saysDrElizabethTrattner.“Breathinthroughthenoseforacountof4,holdfor7andmakeawhooshingnoiseoutforthecountof8.Thisbreathingtechniqueresetsthebody,andlowersbothstressandanxiety.”1.Beforegoingtobed,whydidshepherdscountsheep?A.Tolearntocountnumbers. B.Tohelpfallasleepquickly.C.Tomakeallsheepwerethere. D.Toplaygameswithothershepherds.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthebookDisciplinaClericalis?A.Countingsheephasalonghistory. B.Thebookwaswrittenforalongtime.C.Countingsheepwasquiteinteresting. D.Thebookdescribeslifeofshepherds.3.WhatisHilaryThompson’sviewoncountingsheep?A.Itishelpfultosleep. B.Itdoesn’tworkverywell.C.Itincreasessleeptime. D.Itmakesmindrelaxing.4.WhatisthebestwaytofallasleepquicklybyElizabethTrattner?A.Listeningtosoftmusic. B.Picturingwaterrunning.C.Imaginingrelaxingthings. D.Applyingbreathingtechniques.6.AstudyconfirmedthatthecracksfoundonMars’ssurfacelastyearbytheCuriosityRoverareevidenceofancientlakesthatlikelydriedupabout3.5billionyearsago.ThenewstudyprovidesfurtherevidenceofwhattheclimateontheRedPlanetmayhavebeenlikeinitsancientpast.Thestudy,publishedonlineinGeology,provedthatcracksonMars’ssurfacepreviouslyphotographedbyCuriosityaredrymudcrackswhichcouldhaveonlybeenformedwhenwetgroundwasexposedtotheair.Thisconclusionwasbasedonananalysisofasingleareaofrockknownas“OldSoaker.”ResearchersusedtheCuriosityroverandinformationfromitsmanytoolsincludingtheMarsHandLensImager,ChemCamLaser-InducedBreakdownSpectrometer(LIBS)andtheAlphaParticleX-RaySpectrometer(APXS)tostudyboththephysicalappearanceandthechemistryoftherock,whichisdescribedasnobiggerthanacoffeetable.Theanalysisshowedthatcracksontherockswereformedbyexposuretoair,ratherthanheatortheflowofwater.Inaddition,theshapeofthecrackssuggestsitexperiencedasingledryingeventontheplanet,ratherthangettingwetanddryingoverrepeatedly.Thepositionofthecracks,closertothecenteroftheancientlakeratherthanalongsideit,alsosuggeststhatthelakelevelschangedoften,risingandfallingovertime.“Themudcracksareexcitingbecausetheyhelpustounderstandthisancientlakesystem,”leadstudyauthorNathanielStein,ageologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,said,referringtotheancientlakesystemontheplanet.ScientistshaveknownoftheexistenceofancientwateronMarsforyears.A2015NASAstudythatmeasuredwaterinMars’satmospheresuggestedthatancientoceansmayoncehavehadmorewaterthanourownArcticOcean.However,becausetheplanethaslessgravityandathinneratmospherethanEarth,thiswaterevaporated(蒸发)intospaceoverthecourseofseveralbillionyears.1.WhatistheCuriosityRover?A.Anorganization. B.Ascientist. C.Aplanet. D.Amachine.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthediscoveryonMars?A.Thecracksarenearthecenterofanancientlake.B.Marswasgettingwetanddryingmorethanonce.C.ThelakelevelonMarsseldomchangesovertime.D.Thecracksontherockswereformedbywaterflow.3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.AncientwaterstillexistsonMarsnow.B.ThegravityonMarsisstrongerthanthatonEarth.C.TheatmosphereonEarthisthickerthanthatonMars.D.TheancientArcticOceanhadmorewaterthanithasnow.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WateronMars. B.AtriptoMars. C.AstudyonMars. D.CracksonMars.7.

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther-changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.(1)Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances. B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules. D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.(2)Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics. B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding. D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.(3)WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions. B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach. D.Doingregularexercises.(4)Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.

答案以及解析1.答案：(1)-(4)BCDB解析：(1).考查细微环节理解。依据其次段中的"PsychologistSusanLevine...foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills"以及第三段内容可知,孩子们通过玩智力嬉戏可以培育空间技能。故选B。

(2).考查细微环节理解。依据其次段最终一句"Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid"可知,Levine在设计试验时,考虑到了父母的收入、教化以及谈话量。故选C。

(3).考查细微环节理解。依据倒数其次段最终一句"However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls"可知,男孩们较女孩们而言,倾向于玩更困难的智力嬉戏。故选D。

(4).考查主旨大意。阅读全文内容尤其是最终一段"ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience"可知,该篇文章主要介绍的是一项科学探讨。故选B。2.答案：BDCA解析：(1).考查推理推断。依据第一段中的"theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears"可以推断,作者举例主要是为了告知读者人类进化的新学问,故选B。

(2).考查细微环节理解。依据其次段中的"Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters"可知,巴瑶族人主要居住在沿海地区,故D项正确。

(3).考查细微环节理解。依据第三段中的"Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders"可知,年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊异不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长的时间,故选C。

(4).考查标题推断。本文是一篇探讨报道,依据其次段的探讨结果"ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaplation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean"可知,本文主要讲解并描述了巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活,身体结构发生了改变,所以A项适合作本文的标题。3.答案：(1)-(4)ADAC解析：(1).考查细微环节理解。依据文章第一段的"ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence"可推断,该探讨关注父亲在教化子女坚持方面的独特作用和地位。故答案为A项。

(2).考查推理推断。依据文章第四段的"Authoritativeparenting...Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressed"可推断,真正的权威式父亲不是"独裁式"的,而是给孩子讲规则、讲理由的。此处特殊要留意文章中的"thereasonsbehindrulesarestressed"与D项属于同义替换。所以答案为D项。

(3).考查推理推断。依据文章最终一段的"thatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch"可知,将来的探讨将会更多关注到单亲父母在教化坚持的好处方面的作用。因此选A项。

(4).考查标题推断。依据文章第一段的"ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence"可知,本文主要围绕父亲的家教作用来绽开,提出父亲对孩子坚持的品质的培育有特殊的影响。故C项能够很好地概括全文。4.答案：(1)-(4)ABDA

解析：(1).考查细微环节理解。依据第三段的内容以及第四段第一句"Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesb