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AeromedicalFactorsDecember14,2014IRRatingOverviewHypoxiaHyperventilationMiddleEar&SinusproblemsSpatialDisorientationMotionSicknessCarbonMonoxidePoisoningStress&FatigueDehydrationEffectsofAlcohol&DrugsEffectsofexcessnitrogenduringscubadivingHypoxia4typesofHypoxiaHypoxicHypemicStagantHistotoxicHypoxicHypoxiaHypemicHypoxiaStagnantHypoxiaHistotoxicHypoxiaSymptomsofHypoxiaFactorseffectingHypoxiaPressurealtitudeRateofascentTimeataltitudeTemperaturePhysicalactivitybeforeflyingPhysicalfitnesslevelIndividualFactorsSmoker,Anemic,Drugs,etcPrevention/TreatmentofHypoxiaPreventionLimittimeataltitudePressurizedcabinMinimizeselfimposedstressors100%O2TreatmentDescendtosafealtitude100%O2HyperventilationDefinitionAnexcessiverateanddepthofrespirationleadingtotheabnormallossofCO2fromthebloodCausesEmotional(fear,anxiety,apprehension)HypoxiaHyperventilationSymptomsCorrectiveactionsSymptomsHyperventilationorHypoxiaMiddleEar&SinusProblemsMiddleEar&SinusTreatmentSpatialDisorientationDefinitionThelackoforientationwithregardtooneposition,attitude,ormovementofthehelicopterinspace.BodysystemsusedfororientationVestibularSomatosensoryVisualVestibularSystemInnerearSemicircularcanalsDetectsPitch,Roll,andYawmotionsVestibularSystemIllusionsTheLeansCoriolisIllusionGraveyardSpiralSomatogravicSystemSignalsenttothebrainfromPressurefromskin,joints,muscleSetofthepantsflyingNeedsVisual&VestibularcuestobereliableSomatogravicSystemIllusionsInversionIllusionClimbtoStraight-and-levelflightTumblingbackwardsElevatorIllusionAbruptupwardacceleration(updraft)IllusionofclimbingRapidaccelerationIllusionnoseupattitudeVisualSystemIllusionsFalseHorizonGroundlights,clouds,etcAutokinesis1singlelightappearstomovewhenstareatCopingwithSpatialDisorientationUnderstandIllusionsAlwaysobtain&understandpre-flightweatherDonotcontinueflightintoadverseweatherEnsureyouhavevalidreferencepointsoutsidewhenflyingAvoidsuddenheadmovementsBeproficientintheuseofinstrumentsTrustyourInstrumentsOpticalIllusionsRunwayWidthIllusionRunway&TerrainSlopesIllusionFeaturelessTerrainIllusionWaterRefractionIllusionHazeFogGroundLightingIllusionOpticalIllusionsOpticalIllusionsOpticalIllusions-PreventionAnticipateIllusionsConsultAirportFacilityDirectory(A/FD)MakefrequentaltimeterupdatesConductaerialreconbeforelandingUseVASI/PAPIUseVDPMaintainoptimumhelicopterperformanceCarbonMonoxide(CO)Colorless&OdorlessCreatedbyengine&heaterAttachesitselfabout200timesmoreeasilythatoxygenPreventbloodfromcarryingoxygenBodyrequires48hourstodisposeofCOPrevention(Heateroff,ventilate,tobacco,etc.)StressThebody’sresponsetophysical&psychologicaldemandsAcute&ChronicStressorsReactionstostressPrevention/TreatmentofstressFatiguePiloterrorLackofattention,concentration,impairedcoordination,lackofcommunicationskillsAcute&ChronicSpecialtype–SkillfatigueTiming&DisruptionoftheperceptualfieldDehydrationCriticallossofwaterfromthebodyAvoidSoftdrinks,caffeinated,alcohol,coffeeCommonsignsHeadache,fatigue,cramps,sleepiness,etcPrevention2-4quartsofwaterevery24hoursThirstequals1.5quartdeficitLimitotherliquidsAlcohol&Drugs(+OTC)DrugsIllegal&OthertheCounter(OTC)effectsStimulates&SuppressantsAlcohol&Drugs(+OTC)pressionSickness(DCS)SummaryHypoxiaHyperventilationMiddleEar&

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