山东省济南市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 含解析

2024年1月高二期末学习质量检测英语试题本试卷共12页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.Agarage.B.Aschool.C.Agreenland.2.Whatwasthemanaskedtofocuson?A.Globalevents.B.Hisstudies.C.terriblethings.3.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Bemoreindependent.B.Respectherteachermore.C.Relymoreonherteacher.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theguardhiring.B.Thewoman’sfamily.C.Theman’semployer.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Heagreeswiththewoman.B.Thewomanshouldbepolite.C.Thewoman’sconcernisuseless.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Whatdoesthewomanofferto.dofortheman?A.Pickhimup.B.Callhimintime.C.Recordaprogram.7.Whatwillthemanbebusydoingtonight?A.Preparingforabusinesstrip.B.WatchingaTVprogram.C.Holdingameeting.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Hemajorsinliterature.B.Heisacollegestudent.C.Hejoinsadebateteam.9.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Attendaparty.B.Dosomesports.C.Watchaplay.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Seeadoctor.B.Borrowadisk.C.Fixhercomputer.11.Whatisthematterwiththewoman’scomputerA.Itkeepsbreakingdown.B.Itmakesstrangesounds.C.Itrunstoomanyprograms.12.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Fetchadisk.B.Openupaprogram.C.Turnoffthecomputer.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Attendingameeting.B.Enjoyingaconcert.C.Liningupfortickets.14.Whatisthewomannow?A.Afootballer.B.Ateacher.C.Aboss.15.WheredoesSusanwork?A.Inahospital.B.Inacompany.C.Inaconcerthall.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Formerclassmates.C.Professorandstudent.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.Whenwilltheswimclassesbegin?A.OnMarch1st.B.OnMay1st.C.OnJune1st.18.Howmuchdoeseachswimclasscost?A.$10.B.$15.C.$20.19.Whatmustanewcomerdobeforesigningupforclasses?A.Getacertificate.B.Attendaswimskillshow.C.Reachahighswimskilllevel.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Todiscussanissue.B.Togiveapresentation.C.Tointroduceacourse.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEveryyear,nationalparksarecrowdedwithvisitors.HerearethetopfournamedbyTheNationalParkService.GlacierNationalParkIn1910,Glacierwasestablishedasthecountry’s10thnationalpark.Takeadvantageofthepark’sexpansivehikingtrails（路线）,andbesuretohittravelerfavoritesliketheTrailoftheCedarsandIcebergLakeTrail.What’smore,GlacierNationalParkhostsplentyoffreeactivitieslikeguidedhikesandappealingeventsidealforvisitorsofallages.GrandCanyonNationalParkFirstprotectedin1893asaforestreserve,theGrandCanyonbecameanofficialUSnationalparkin1919.Theparkoffersendlesshikingopportunitieswithtrailsofvariouslengths,aswellasthechancetoraft（漂流）theColoradoRiver.Andifyou’relookingforadifferentpoint,considerahelicoptertourtolearnmoreabouttheparkandseeitinallitsgloryfromabove.YellowstoneNationalParkTheworldfamoussitebecamethefirstnationalparkintheU.S.onMarch1,1872,whenPresidentGrantsignedtheYellowstoneNationalParkProtectionActintolaw.Here,hikerscangetlostinthebeautyofthelakes,mountains,valleysand,ofcourse,itsunmatchedhotsprings.ToavoidthecrowdsthatoftentroubleYellowstone,plantovisitinApril,May,SeptemberorOctober.YosemiteNationalParkFirstprotectedin1864,YosemiteNationalParkstandsoutforitsimpressivewaterfalls.Thebesttimetoseewaterfallsisduringspring,whenmostofthesnowmeltoccurs.Therearealsoplentyofscenichikingandcampingopportunities.Justkeepinmindthatcampsitesselloutquicklyafterbecomingavailableforbooking,somakeyourreservationsinadvance.1.Whichparkmayattractpeopleinterestedinwateractivities?A.GlacierNationalPark. B.YosemiteNationalPark.C.YellowstoneNationalPark. D.GrandCanyonNationalPark.2.WhatdoesYellowstoneNationalParkfeature?A.Freeactivities. B.Popularhotels.C.Hotsprings. D.Airtours.3.Whatdothefournationalparkshaveincommon?A.Theyprovidehikingtrails. B.Theysuittouristsofallages.C.Theyhostcampingactivities. D.Theydatefromthe19thcentury.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了国家公园管理局列出的前四名国家公园。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据GrandCanyonNationalPark中关键句“Theparkoffersendlesshikingopportunitieswithtrailsofvariouslengths,aswellasthechancetorafttheColoradoRiver.(公园提供了无尽的远足机会，有各种长度的小径，以及在科罗拉多河上漂流的机会)”可知，如果对水上活动感兴趣，可以去大峡谷国家公园。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据YellowstoneNationalPark中关键句“Here,hikerscangetlostinthebeautyofthelakes,mountains,valleysand,ofcourse,itsunmatchedhotsprings.(在这里，徒步旅行者可以迷失在湖泊、山脉、山谷的美景中，当然，还有无与伦比的温泉)”可知，黄石国家公园可以享受温泉。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据GlacierNationalPark中“Takeadvantageofthepark’sexpansivehikingtrails,andbesuretohittravelerfavoritesliketheTrailoftheCedarsandIcebergLakeTrail.(充分利用公园广阔的徒步小径，一定要找到游客最喜欢的雪松小径和冰山湖小径)”；GrandCanyonNationalPark中“Theparkoffersendlesshikingopportunitieswithtrailsofvariouslengths,aswellasthechancetorafttheColoradoRiver.(公园提供了无尽的远足机会，有各种长度的小径，以及在科罗拉多河上漂流的机会)”；YellowstoneNationalPark中“Here,hikerscangetlostinthebeautyofthelakes,mountains,valleysand,ofcourse,itsunmatchedhotsprings.(在这里，徒步旅行者可以迷失在湖泊、山脉、山谷的美景中，当然，还有无与伦比的温泉)”及YosemiteNationalPark中“Therearealsoplentyofscenichikingandcampingopportunities.(这里也有很多徒步旅行和露营的机会)”可知，这四个国家公园提供远足路线。故选A项。

BForovertwentyyears,agroupofladieslivingataseniorlivingcommunityinDallashavemadethousandsofhand-knit(编织)hatsandtoys,bringingwarmthandsupporttochildrenbothinTexasandoverseas.AndtheycallthemselvestheKnitWits.EveryFriday,theygatheraroundalongtablewithwoolandneedlestolendahand.TheirlatestprojectisacooperationwithChildren’sHealthinDallastocreatehomemadecapsforbabiesfacingheartproblems.Stover,amemberoftheKnitWitsgottheideawhiletalkingwithherdaughter,adoctoratthehospital.Forthepastyear,thegrouphassentdozensofcapsforthebabies.“Thecapsarethemedaroundtheholidays,”Stoversays,“withdesignsrepresentingAutumn,NewYearandSpring.Thelittlecapshavebecomeacolorfulsymbolofhopeandjoyforthecenter’syoungestpatientsandtheirfamilies.”Theminihatscanhelpdevelopthebondingbetweenbabiesandcaregivers,preservingthesmelloftheadultnexttotakebaby’sskin.Caregiversareabletowearthehatontheirbodytocarrytheirsmellbeforeplacingthehatbackonthebaby,easingthebabies’stress.Throughoutthebabies’hospitaladmission,manyholidayshavebeencelebrated,butoftenthebabiesaretoocriticaltobedressedupforphotos.ThankstothegenerosityoftheKnitWits,thebabyhatprovidestheperfectfestivetouch.Marianneis102yearsoldandstillknitting.“Beingcreative,beingbusyandhavingsomethinggoodtothinkaboutmakemylifecolorful.”shesaid.TheKnitWitsalsosentknitdollstochildrenfromAfricancountries.They’veproventhatasimpleactofkindnesscanmakesuchadifferenceinthelivesofthosefacingchallengingcircumstances.4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheKnitWitsladies?A.Theyattendthechildren. B.Theyprofitfromhandiwork.C.Theygiftkidswithlittlecaps. D.Theysufferfromheartproblems.5WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theprocessoftreatments.B.Thecelebrationofholidays.C.Theroleofminihatstobabies.D.Thebondingofbabiesandcaregivers.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheKnitWitsladies?A.Patient. B.Caring. C.Humorous. D.Wise.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheKnitWitswarmsthekids B.HandmadecapshittheworldC.Thekindactmattersinhospital D.Holidaysbringfamiliescloser【答案】4.C5.C6.B7.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。一群住在达拉斯的老年社区的女士们在过去20年里，手工编织了许多帽子和玩具，为需要帮助的孩子们带去温暖。她们称自己为“编织智慧”，她们已经证明，一个简单的善举可以给那些面临挑战的人的生活带来如此大的不同。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Forovertwentyyears,agroupofladieslivingataseniorlivingcommunityinDallashavemadethousandsofhand-knit(编织)hatsandtoys,bringingwarmthandsupporttochildrenbothinTexasandoverseas.AndtheycallthemselvestheKnitWits.(二十多年来，一群住在达拉斯老年生活社区的女士们制作了数千顶手工编织的帽子和玩具，为德克萨斯州和海外的孩子们带来了温暖和支持。她们称自己为“编织智慧”)”及第二段“TheirlatestprojectisacooperationwithChildren’sHealthinDallastocreatehomemadecapsforbabiesfacingheartproblems.(他们最新的项目是与达拉斯的儿童健康组织合作，为患有心脏病的婴儿制作自制的帽子)”可知，“编织智慧”女士们为患病的婴儿制作帽子。故选C项。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Theminihatscanhelpdevelopthebondingbetweenbabiesandcaregivers,preservingthesmelloftheadultnexttotakebaby’sskin.Caregiversareabletowearthehatontheirbodytocarrytheirsmellbeforeplacingthehatbackonthebaby,easingthebabies’stress.(迷你帽可以帮助培养婴儿和看护人之间的联系，保留旁边大人的气味。护理员可以把帽子戴在身上，带着他们的气味，然后再把帽子戴回婴儿身上，缓解婴儿的压力)”及“ThankstothegenerosityoftheKnitWits,thebabyhatprovidestheperfectfestivetouch.(感谢“编织智慧”的慷慨，婴儿帽提供了完美的节日触摸)”可知，本段介绍了迷你帽子对婴儿的作用。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段“TheKnitWitsalsosentknitdollstochildrenfromAfricancountries.They’veproventhatasimpleactofkindnesscanmakesuchadifferenceinthelivesofthosefacingchallengingcircumstances.(“编织智慧”也送编织娃娃从非洲国家的儿童。他们已经证明，一个简单的善举可以给那些面临挑战的人的生活带来如此大的不同)”可知，“编织智慧”女士们是关心他人的。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Forovertwentyyears,agroupofladieslivingataseniorlivingcommunityinDallashavemadethousandsofhand-knit(编织)hatsandtoys,bringingwarmthandsupporttochildrenbothinTexasandoverseas.AndtheycallthemselvestheKnitWits.(二十多年来，一群住在达拉斯老年生活社区的女士们制作了数千顶手工编织的帽子和玩具，为德克萨斯州和海外的孩子们带来了温暖和支持。她们称自己为“编织智慧”)”及最后一段“They’veproventhatasimpleactofkindnesscanmakesuchadifferenceinthelivesofthosefacingchallengingcircumstances.(她们已经证明，一个简单的善举可以给那些面临挑战的人的生活带来如此大的不同)”可知，本文讲述了一群自称为“编织智慧”的女士们为生病的孩子们带来了温暖和支持的故事，A选项“‘编织智慧’温暖了孩子们”适合最为最佳标题。故选A项。CTheAustraliansandoctopus(章鱼)wasdiscoveredin1990andistheonlyoctopusspeciesknowntoburyitselfdeepinthesandtohidefromenemies.Ateamofresearchersarestudyingthevenom(毒液)ofthiskindofoctopus.Theyhavediscoveredthatthevenommaygreatlyslowcancergrowth.AnditcanalsohelpfightdrugresistanceinpatientswithaBRAF-changedskincancer.BRAFisinvolvedinmanagingcellgrowth.Achangeinitresultsinabnormalcellgrowth.TheseBRAFchangesareseeninhalfofallcasesofskincancers.“Weandothergroupshavepreviouslydiscoveredthatotheranimals-snakes,spiders,bees-haveanticancerproperties,”saidDr.Maria,thestudy’sleadauthor.“However,inmycurrentknowledge,theanticancerpropertiesofanoctopusspecieshaveneverbeenstudiedorconfirmedbefore.”Currenttreatmentsfaceafewchallengesincludinglowresponserates,poisoningandsideeffects,aswellasdrugresistance.TheoctopusvenomslowsthegrowthofBRAF-changedskincancer.Moreimportantly,itissafetobeusedinlargequantities—itisnotpoisonous.Therefore,incombinationwithotherdrugs,thetreatmentscouldpotentiallyachievebetterandsaferpatientoutcomes.Itisveryunlikelythattheoctopushasspecificallydevelopeditsvenomtocontainananticancersubstance.Accordingtotheresearchingteam,theoctopusvenomcontainsover1,000uniquesubstanceswithseveralfunctionssuchasreducingpainandanticancer.“Inthisstudy,wehaveshownthattheoctopusvenomspecificallytargetsBRAF-changedskincancer.ThenextstepistoexaminewhethersimilarpromisingresultsareapplicableforotherBRAF-changedcancers.”saidDr.Maria.“Beforeitcanbeusedonpatients,theteamwillneedtoperformseveralroundsoflabtestingandclinicaltrialstounderstandhowitworksanditsfullpotentialasadrugagainstskincancer.”8.WhatcanweknowaboutBRAF?A.Itisachangeincells. B.Itcontrolscellgrowth.C.Itcancauseadeadlyillness. D.Ithelpstocureaskincancer.9.Whatdiscoverydidtheteammake?A.Amedicinetocurecancers. B.Asubstancecontainedinanimals.C.Themedicalvalueofoctopusspecies. D.Theanticancereffectofanoctopusvenom.10.Whatisanadvantageoftheoctopusvenomtotreattheskincancer?A.Itisoflargequantity. B.Ithasnosideeffects.C.Itislessexpensive. D.Ithaslowerrisks.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphconcerningtheoctopusvenom?A.Itsapplicationrequiresfurtherwork.B.IthelpstreatBRAF-changedcancers.C.Itssafetyneedsmoreclinicaltestings.D.Ithasalreadybeenputintowideuse.【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究人员发现章鱼的毒液可能会大大减慢癌症的生长，并有助于对抗患有BRAF变异皮肤癌患者的药物抵抗力。目前，章鱼毒液的应用需要进一步的工作。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AnditcanalsohelpfightdrugresistanceinpatientswithaBRAF-changedskincancer.BRAFisinvolvedinmanagingcellgrowth.Achangeinitresultsinabnormalcellgrowth.TheseBRAFchangesareseeninhalfofallcasesofskincancers.(它还可以帮助对抗BRAF改变皮肤癌患者的耐药性。BRAF参与控制细胞生长。它的变化会导致细胞的异常生长。这些BRAF变化在一半的皮肤癌病例中可见)”可知，BRAF控制细胞生长。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Theyhavediscoveredthatthevenommaygreatlyslowcancergrowth.AnditcanalsohelpfightdrugresistanceinpatientswithaBRAF-changedskincancer.(他们发现这种毒液可以大大减缓癌症的生长。它还可以帮助对抗BRAF改变的皮肤癌患者的耐药性)”及第二段““Weandothergroupshavepreviouslydiscoveredthatotheranimals-snakes,spiders,bees-haveanticancerproperties,”saidDr.Maria,thestudy’sleadauthor.“However,inmycurrentknowledge,theanticancerpropertiesofanoctopusspecieshaveneverbeenstudiedorconfirmedbefore.”(该研究的主要作者玛丽亚博士说:“我们和其他研究小组此前已经发现，蛇、蜘蛛、蜜蜂等其他动物也具有抗癌特性。然而，据我目前所知，章鱼的抗癌特性以前从未被研究或证实过。”)”可知，团队发现了章鱼毒液的抗癌作用。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Moreimportantly,itissafetobeusedinlargequantities-itisnotpoisonous.Therefore,incombinationwithotherdrugs,thetreatmentscouldpotentiallyachievebetterandsaferpatientoutcomes.(更重要的是，大量使用是安全的——它是无毒的。因此，与其他药物联合使用，这些治疗方法可能会获得更好、更安全的患者结果)”可知，章鱼毒液治疗皮肤癌的优势在于它具有较低的风险。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Beforeitcanbeusedonpatients,theteamwillneedtoperformseveralroundsoflabtestingandclinicaltrialstounderstandhowitworksanditsfullpotentialasadrugagainstskincancer.(在将其用于患者之前，该团队将需要进行几轮实验室测试和临床试验，以了解其工作原理及其作为治疗皮肤癌药物的全部潜力)”可知，章鱼毒液的应用需要进一步的工作。故选A项。DManyoftenfindthemselvesconsideringjobsbelowtheirskilllevelinworseningemploymentmarkets.Butitturnsoutthatworkinginajobbelowyourskilllevelharmsyourlaterchancesofgettinghiredforabetter-payingjobmoreappropriatetoyourqualifications.SociologistDavidPedullaattheUniversityofTexasconductedastudytoexaminehowjobsbelowaperson’sskilllevelaffectfutureemployability.Hetailored2,420applicationsandsubmittedthemto1,210joblistingspostedinfivemajorcitiesacrosstheU.S.Hevariedtheapplicationsbygender,andalsobyemploymentstatusforthepreviousyear.Thenheusedcomputermodelstoanalyzeandcomparetheresults.Theresultsshowthatapplicantswhowerepositionedasworkingbelowtheirskilllevel,regardlessofgenderhadthelowestchancesofgettingcalledforajobinterview.Theseresultsshouldserveasawarningtoanyoneconsideringtakingajobbelowtheirskilllevel.Whileitmightpaythebillsintheshortterm,itcansignificantlyhammerone’sabilitytoreturntotherelevantskilllevelandpaygradeatalaterdate.Whymightthisbethecase?Pedullaconductedafollow-upstudywith903employers.Heaskedthemabouttheirideasofapplicantswitheachkindofemploymenthistory,andhowlikelytheywouldbetorecommendeachkindofcandidatetoaninterview.Theresultsshowthatemployersbelievethatmenwhoareemployedinpositionsbelowtheirskilllevelarelesscommittedandlesscompetentthanmeninotheremploymentsituations.Thosesurveyedalsobelievedthatwomenworkingbelowtheirskilllevelwerelesscompetentthanothers,butdidnotbelievethemtobelesscommitted.Theresultsofstudiessuggestthatworkbelowskilllevelsignalstoemployersmen’sincompetenceandalackofcommitment.Thisisadisturbingreminderthattheswordofgenderbias(偏见)doesinfactcutbothways.12.Whydomanypeoplechoosejobsbelowtheirskilllevel?A.Theyfearbearingduties. B.Theylack-self-confidence.C.Theyfaceatougheconomy. D.Theypursuebetter-payingjobs.13.Howdotheresearcherscarryoutthefirststudy?A.Byconductinginterviews. B.Byresearchingexamples.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Bydoingsurveys.14.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“hammer”inParagraph3?A.Ensure. B.Weaken. C.Test. D.Exercise.15.Whatistheemployers’ideaaccordingtothefollow-upstudy?A.Menaremorelikelytogetpromoted.B.Womenaremoredevotedandcapable.C.Womenbehavebetterinjobsbelowskilllevel.D.Menshowtalentsinworkoftherelevantlevel.【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究表明在一份低于你技能水平的工作中工作，会损害你以后找到一份更适合你资历的高薪工作的机会。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Manyoftenfindthemselvesconsideringjobsbelowtheirskilllevelinworseningemploymentmarkets.(在不断恶化的就业市场中，许多人经常发现自己在考虑低于自己技能水平的工作)”可知，许多人考虑低于自己技能水平的工作是由于他们面临着严峻的经济形势。故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“SociologistDavidPedullaattheUniversityofTexasconductedastudytoexaminehowjobsbelowaperson’sskilllevelaffectfutureemployability.Hetailored2,420applicationsandsubmittedthemto1,210joblistingspostedinfivemajorcitiesacrosstheU.S.Hevariedtheapplicationsbygender,andalsobyemploymentstatusforthepreviousyear.Thenheusedcomputermodelstoanalyzeandcomparetheresults.(德克萨斯大学的社会学家DavidPedulla进行了一项研究，研究低于个人技能水平的工作如何影响未来的就业能力。他定制了2420份申请，并将它们提交给了美国五大城市发布的1210个职位列表。他根据性别和前一年的就业状况对申请进行了调整。然后他使用计算机模型来分析和比较结果)”可知，研究人员通过做比较的方法来进行第一项研究。故选C项。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前句“Theseresultsshouldserveasawarningtoanyoneconsideringtakingajobbelowtheirskilllevel.Whileitmightpaythebillsintheshortterm,(这些结果应该给那些考虑接受低于自己技能水平的工作的人敲响警钟。虽然它可能在短期内支付账单)”及后文“one’sabilitytoreturntotherelevantskilllevelandpaygradeatalaterdate(一个人日后恢复到有关技能水平和薪酬等级的能力)”以及表示转折的while可知，考虑接受低于自己技能水平的工作虽然可以挣到钱，但会减弱一个人日后恢复到有关技能水平和薪酬等级的能力。由此猜测hammer意为“减弱，削弱”，与weaken意思相近。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Theresultsshowthatemployersbelievethatmenwhoareemployedinpositionsbelowtheirskilllevelarelesscommittedandlesscompetentthanmeninotheremploymentsituations.Thosesurveyedalsobelievedthatwomenworkingbelowtheirskilllevelwerelesscompetentthanothers,butdidnotbelievethemtobelesscommitted.(结果表明，雇主认为，在低于他们技能水平的岗位上工作的男性比在其他就业情况下工作的男性更不敬业，更不称职。接受调查的人还认为，从事低于自己技能水平工作的女性不如其他女性能干，但并不认为她们不够投入)”可推知，雇主的想法是女性在技能水平以下的工作中比男性表现更好。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mentalhealthisacriticalaspectofoverallwell-being,yetitisoftenignoredinourfast-pacedsociety.____16____Awell-caredandhealthymindleadstoimprovedemotions,betterrelationships,andamorepositiveoutlookonlife.____17____Whenwearestressedorupset,itisourmind’swayofreactingtonegativestimuli(刺激).Goodmentalhealthallowsustocopewiththeseemotionsinapositivemanner.Inaddition,whenourmindsarenotcloudedbynegativethoughtsoremotionsitiseasiertothinkclearly.____18____Studieshaveshownthatapersonwithgoodmentalhealthliveslongerandhasahigherqualityoflife.Theeffectsofpositivementalhealthonthebodyareplenty,includingreducingtheriskofdiseasesandimprovingoverallphysicalwell-being.Ourmentalstatehasasignificantimpactonrelationships.Peoplewithgoodmentalhealtharemorelikelytobekindandunderstanding.____19____Thismayfurtherguaranteethemwithastableemotionalcondition.Mentalhealthisasessentialasphysicalhealthinmaintainingafulfillinglife.Ifwerunintotrouble,don’tkeepittoyourself.____20____Withtherightsupport,wecanallenjoythebenefitsofahealthymind.A.Turntofriendsorfamilies.B.Theystronglyconnectwithothers.C.Physicalhealthhasbeenaproblem.DSowaystokeeppositivemustbefound.E.Andaclearmindcanhelpmakesmartchoices.F.Themindactuallyneedsasmuchcareasthebody.G.Mentalhealthisvitalforkeepingemotionalbalance.【答案】16.F17.G18.D19.B20.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了心理精神健康的重要性。【16题详解】前文“Mentalhealthisacriticalaspectofoverallwell-being,yetitisoftenignoredinourfast-pacedsociety.(心理健康是整体健康的一个重要方面，但在我们这个快节奏的社会中，它经常被忽视)”表明我们经常忽视心理健康，后文“Awell-caredandhealthymindleadstoimprovedemotions,betterrelationships,andamorepositiveoutlookonlife.(被精心照顾的和健康的心态会带来更好的情绪，更好的人际关系和更积极的人生观)”说明精神健康的重要性；F选项“实际上，心灵和身体一样需要照顾”承上启下，强调了精神心理健康的重要性。故选F项。【17题详解】空处为本段的主旨句，后文“Whenwearestressedorupset,itisourmind’swayofreactingtonegativestimuli(刺激).Goodmentalhealthallowsustocopewiththeseemotionsinapositivemanner.(当我们感到压力或沮丧时，这是我们的大脑对负面刺激的反应方式。良好的心理健康使我们能够以积极的方式应对这些情绪)”表明心理健康能帮助我们积极处理负面情绪；G选项“心理健康对保持情绪平衡至关重要”表明心理健康对情绪平衡的作用，符合题意。故选G项。【18题详解】前文“Inaddition,whenourmindsarenotcloudedbynegativethoughtsoremotionsitiseasiertothinkclearly.(此外，当我们的头脑不被消极的想法或情绪所笼罩时，更容易清晰地思考)”表明没有消极的想法或者情绪，我们能更容易思考；D选项“所以必须找到保持积极的方法”与前文承接自然，构成因果关系。故选D项。【19题详解】前文“Peoplewithgoodmentalhealtharemorelikelytobekindandunderstanding.(心理健康的人更有可能善良和善解人意)”表明心理健康的人的品质，后文“Thismayfurtherguaranteethemwithastableemotionalcondition.(这可以进一步保证他们有一个稳定的情绪状态)”可知，空处表示心理健康人的品质给他们带来的好处进一步让他们有稳定的情绪；B选项“他们与他人联系紧密”为心理健康的人健康品质下的优势，与后文语境相符。故选B项。【20题详解】前文“Ifwerunintotrouble,don’tkeepittoyourself.(如果我们遇到麻烦，不要独自承受)”表明如果遇到困难不要独自面对；A选项“向朋友或家人求助”告诉我们应如何处理，符合语境。故选A项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“Iseverybodyready?”,theteacherasked.I____21____wasn’t.Itwastheearly1980sandIwasinmyhighschooltypingclass.Ihadtakenitasanelective____22____becausetheotheroption-Frenchlanguageseemedtoo____23____.Iwasnevergoodataforeignlanguage.NowIwishedIhadn’tpickedit.Myhandswere____24____andmyheartwasbeatingfast.Ihadthoughtwewouldjustbelearningtotouch-type,notbe____25____onspeedandaccuracy.Ifelttoonervoustotypeatahighspeed.“Handsonhomekeys.Eyesonbook,Ready?____26____!”saidtheteacher.Suddenlytheroomwasalivewithelectrictypewriters’keysbeinghit.Itriedmybestto____27____,butIfailed.Itwasclearthatbeinga____28____wasn’tinmyfuture.Ididn’tmakethatmanyerrors,____29____mytypingspeedwashorriblyslowandIknewIwasn’tgoingtogetagoodgrade.Ireally____30____takingthisclassafterstrugglingforsolongand____31____IcouldbelearningphrasesinFrenchinstead.Now43yearslater,Itakeitasmy____32____thatItookthatclassandlearnedhowtotouch-type.Ithashelpedmewritecountlessstoriesonmy____33____,writelettersfulloflovetosharewithmyfriendsandfamily,anddowhatIwasmeanttodointhislife.Ifeelso____34____.Thislifeisalongandwindingroad,wherewemeetdifferentpeople,learn____35____andsharelove.Maywehugthemallwithagratefulsoulandahappyheart.21.A.temporarily B.certainly C.nearly D.merely22.A.chance B.hobby C.course D.technique23.A.strange B.easy C.ordinary D.tough24.A.dancing B.moving C.shaking D.waving25.A.decided B.tested C.helped D.selected26.A.Go B.Stop C.Look D.Read27.A.runaway B.getround C.showoff D.keepup28.A.manager B.director C.secretary D.teacher29.A.so B.and C.for D.but30.A.regretted B.appreciated C.disliked D.admitted31.A.guessed B.predicted C.wished D.believed32.A.feel B.luck C.recall D.joke33.A.notebook B.desk C.study D.keyboard34.A.fresh B.thankful C.secure D.certain35.A.languages B.theories C.skills D.letters【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.C25.B26.A27.D28.C29.D30.A31.C32.B33.D34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。短文主要讲述了作者在高中时学习打字课的经历。起初作者并不喜欢这门课程，觉得自己不擅长外语，因此选择了打字课。在课堂上，作者感到紧张，无法跟上速度要求，最终以失败告终。然而，43年后，作者意识到学会打字对自己的人生产生了积极影响，帮助他写作无数故事，表达爱意，实现自己的使命。最后，作者表达了对生活的感恩之情，希望能够与他人分享爱与知识。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我当然没准备好。A.temporarily暂时地；B.certainly当然；C.nearly几乎；D.merely只是。根据后文“Ifelttoonervoustotypeatahighspeed.(我太紧张了，不能高速打字)”可是，作者并没有准备好，即当然（certainly）没准备好。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把它作为选修课，因为另一个选项——法语似乎太难了。A.chance机会；B.hobby爱好；C.course课程；D.technique技术。根据上文“Itwastheearly1980sandIwasinmyhighschooltypingclass.(那是20世纪80年代初，我正在上高中的打字课)”指打字课是选修课，故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把它作为选修课，因为另一个选项——法语似乎太难了。A.strange奇怪的；B.easy容易的；C.ordinary普通的；D.tough艰难的。根据下句“Iwasnevergoodataforeignlanguage.(我从来就不擅长外语)”可知对作者来说，选修法语似乎太难了，所以没选。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的手在发抖，我的心脏跳得很快。A.dancing跳舞；B.moving移动；C.shaking摇晃，颤抖；D.waving挥舞。根据空后“andmyheartwasbeatingfast”可知作者因为紧张，手在发抖，心脏跳得很快。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我原以为我们只学习打字，而不是测试速度和准确性。A.decided决定；B.tested测试；C.helped帮助；D.selected选择。根据下句“Ifelttoonervoustotypeatahighspeed.(我太紧张了，不能高速打字)”可知作者原以为只是学习打字，而不是测试速度和准确性。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“把手放在home键上。眼睛盯着书，准备好了吗？开始吧！”老师说。A.Go开始，去；B.Stop停止；C.Look看；D.Read读书。根据常识以及后文“Suddenlytheroomwasalivewithelectrictypewriters’keysbeinghit.(突然间，房间里充满了电子打字机的敲击声)”可知老师宣布测试开始了。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我尽力跟上，但失败了。A.runaway跑开；B.getround四处走动；C.showoff炫耀；D.keepup跟上。根据前文“Ifelttoonervoustotypeatahighspeed.(我太紧张了，不能高速打字)”可知，作者尽力跟上，但失败了。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，当秘书不是我的未来。A.manager经理；B.director导演；C.secretary秘书；D.teacher老师。根据上句“butIfailed”可知作者打字速度跟不上，结合选项可知当秘书需要打字，不是作者的未来。故选C。【29题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我没有犯那么多错误，但我的打字速度慢得可怕，我知道我不会得到一个好成绩。A.so因此；B.and和；C.for为了；D.but但是。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在挣扎了这么久之后，我真的后悔选了这门课，我希望我能学习法语。A.regretted后悔；B.appreciated欣赏；C.disliked不喜欢；D.admitted承认。根据后文“takingthisclassafterstrugglingforsolong”以及上文提到作者打字慢，可知作者后悔选了这门课，故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在挣扎了这么久之后，我真的后悔选了这门课，我希望我能学习法语。A.guessed猜测；B.predicted预测；C.wished希望；D.believed相信。根据后文“IcouldbelearningphrasesinFrenchinstead.”可知作者因为打字慢，不会得到一个好成绩，于是后悔选了打字课，希望能学习法语。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：43年后的今天，我很幸运上了那门课，学会了如何打字。A.feel感觉；B