（外研版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义 选择性必修第四册　Unit 6 Space and beyond

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．notionn．概念；观点；看法2．hazardousadj.危险的，不安全的3．shuttlen．航天飞机4．thespaceshuttle航天飞机5．excursionn．(有特定目的的)短途出行6．rekindlev．重新激起，重新唤起7．instantaneouslyadv.瞬间地8．lifelikeadj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的9．telescopen．望远镜10．thenakedeye肉眼11．anglev．斜置12．galaxyn．星系13．cosmicadj.宇宙的14．conceivablyadv.可以相信地；可想象地15．subatomicadj.亚原子的；原子内的16．particlen．粒子17．musclen．肌肉18．peppern．胡椒粉19．discn．激光唱片；光碟，光盘Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．shadown．坏影响，阴影2．screamv．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫3．crewn．(飞机上的)全体机组人员4．awesomeadj.很好的，了不起的5．straightforwardadj.简单的6．self-disciplinen．自我约束，自律7．fetchv．(去)拿来8．sneezev．打喷嚏Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．unexceptionaladj.平常的→exceptionaladj.例外的；独特的；杰出的→exceptprep.除……外→exceptionn．例外2．tragicallyadv.悲惨地，不幸地→tragicadj.悲惨的，悲痛的→tragedyn．悲剧；不幸；灾难3．suspendv．暂停，中止；悬；挂→suspensionn．停职；暂停；中止；悬浮4．simulatedadj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→simulatev．模拟；假装；冒充→simulatorn．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器5．submitv．提交；呈递；屈服→submissionn．提交(物)；呈递(物)；屈服6．invisibleadj.看不见的→visibleadj.看得见的→visionn．视野；视力1．convict/kən'vIkt/vt.定罪convictsbof宣判某人有(某)罪2．guilt/ɡIlt/n．罪行；犯罪；内疚3．scan/skæn/vt.审视vi.&vt.粗略地读；扫描(文件)4．sophisticated/sə'fIstIkeItId/adj.见多识广的；精密的；在行的5.stab/stæb/vt.(用刀)刺、捅6．bringalong把(某人或某物)带来7．blur/blɜː(r)/vi.&vt.(使)变得模糊不清；(使)难以区分n．模糊形状；模糊的记忆8．dweller/'dwelə(r)/n．居民；居住者9．remedy/'remədi/n．解决方法；补偿；治疗vt.改正；纠正；改进10．undertake/ˌʌndə'teIk/vt.(undertook/-'tʊk/，undertaken/-'teIkən/)承担；从事；承诺11．heal/hiːl/vt.&vi.(使)康复；治愈12．spoil/spɔIl/vt.&vi.(spoilt/spɔIlt/，spoiltorspoiled/spɔIld/，spoiled)破坏；宠坏Ⅳ.背核心短语1．becomeaccustomedto习惯于(做)某事2．castashadowon/over给……蒙上阴影3．setfooton踏上，登上4．one’sheartinone’smouth心提到嗓子眼5．takeoff起飞；脱下；突然成功6．tunein收看；收听7．wavetosb向某人挥手8．reachforthestars有九天揽月之志；努力完成壮举9．signupfor报名参加10．workout计算出；解决；锻炼11．beengagedin忙于；从事12．becomposedof由……组成13．beinvisibleto无法被……看到14．one’squestfor对……的追求/追索Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．FollowingtheshockoftheChallengerdisaster，spaceshuttleflightsweresuspendedfornearlythreeyearswhilethecauseofthedisasterwasinvestigated，andsomeoftheshuttle’scomponentswereredesigned.(while引导时间状语从句)“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。2．Buttherewasneveranydoubtthatmannedflightswouldcontinue.(thereisneveranydoubtthat...)但是毫无疑问，载人飞行将继续下去。3．Soon，itwasunderstoodthattheSunwasjustonestaramongbillionsinthegalaxywecalltheMilkyWay.(itbe＋v.-ed＋that...)很快，人们认识到，太阳只是我们称之为“银河系”的星系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。4．Nothinginhistoryhasallowedustoseesomuchoversuchgreatdistances，fromenormouscloudsofgaswherestarsarebeingborn，tohugeblackholes，andeventonewplanetswherewemightconceivablyfindlife.(where引导定语从句)它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。5．The500-metredishofthe“EyeofHeaven”，asitisknown，isbeingusedinthesearchfordarkmatter，thoughttobecomposedofsubatomicparticlesinvisibletoordinarytelescopes.(形容词短语作后置定语)众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)1．telescopen．望远镜2．conceivablyadv.可以相信地；可想象地3．notionn．概念；观点；看法4．hazardousadj.危险的，不安全的5．lifelikeadj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的6．thenakedeye肉眼7．galaxyn．星系8．rekindlev．重新激起，重新唤起9．subatomicadj.亚原子的；原子内的10．discn．激光唱片；光碟，光盘Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共10分)1．crewn．(飞机上的)全体机组人员2．awesomeadj.很好的，了不起的3．screamv．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫4．sneezev．打喷嚏5．fetchv．(去)拿来Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共18分)1．submitv．提交；呈递；屈服→submissionn．提交(物)；呈递(物)；屈服2．tragicallyadv.悲惨地，不幸地→tragicadj.悲惨的，悲痛的→tragedyn．悲剧；不幸；灾难3．suspendv．暂停，中止；悬；挂→suspensionn．停职；暂停；中止；悬浮4．unexceptionaladj.平常的→exceptionaladj.例外的；独特的；杰出的→exceptprep.除……外→exceptionn．例外5．invisibleadj.看不见的→visibleadj.看得见的→visionn．视野；视力6．simulatedadj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→simulatev．模拟；假装；冒充→simulatorn．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)1．guiltn．罪行；犯罪；内疚2．scanvt.审视vi.&vt.粗略地读；扫描(文件)3．undertakevt.承担；从事；承诺4．healvt.&vi.(使)康复；治愈5．spoilvt.&vi.破坏；宠坏Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2.5分，共15分)1．signupfor报名参加2．becomposedof由……组成3．one’squestfor对……的追求/追索4．wavetosb向某人挥手5．beinvisibleto无法被……看到6．workout计算出；解决；锻炼Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题3分，共12分)1．Wenormallyrespondtoarticlesubmissionsthataresubmittedwithinsixweeks.(submit)2．Tragically，onedaywhileswimming，shewasdrowneddeepinthesea.Whatatragedy！(tragic)3．Allexceptionalexpertswithoutexceptionhaveparticipatedinthecompetition.(except)4．Theactivityhastobesuspendedduetosomethingunexpected，andnooneknowshowlongthesuspensionwilllast.(suspend)Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)eq\x(becomeaccustomedto，takeoff，castashadowon，setfooton，beengagedin)1．Livingherefortenyears，hehasbecomeaccustomedtothetropicalclimate.2．Theterriblecaraccidentthathappenedlastyearcastashadowonhisyoungmind.3．IrememberthetimewhenIfirstsetfootonthisnewland.HowexcitedandnervousIwas!4．Althoughyouareengagedinyourstudy，youshouldsetasidesometimetotakepartinsomeoutdooractivities.5．Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshavetakenoffthankstothecomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)1．他在值班期间认真做好自己的工作，得到了大家的认可。(while引导时间状语从句)Whilehewasonduty，hedidhispartconscientiously，gainingeveryone’srecognition.2．众所周知，学好英语对我们大家都大有益处。(itbe＋v.-ed＋that...)Itiswidely/wellknownthatlearningEnglishwellwillbeofgreatbenefit/beverybeneficialtousall.3．这就是为什么我申请这份需要耐心和细心的工作。(where引导定语从句)ThisiswhyIapplyforthejobwherepatienceandcareareneeded.4．对于那些没有意识到友谊的重要性的人来说，这是一本值得一读的书。(形容词短语作定语)Forthoseunawareoftheimportanceoffriendship，thisisabookworthreading.5．毫无疑问，中国在世界上扮演着极其重要的角色。(doubt＋同位语从句)Thereisnot/neveranydoubtthat/ThereisnodoubtthatChinaisplayingavitalroleintheworld.Atpresent，we1.havebecome(become)accustomedtoobservingthenightskywithatelescopeandmostofushavebeenawarethatitis2.anawesomeinvention.Withthe3.assistance(assist)ofit，wecanseenumberlessstarsinvisibletothenakedeye.4.However，ourquestisfarbeyondobservingthestars，andwehavebeentrying5.toexplore(explore)manygalaxiesintheuniverse.Oureffortsneversuspend，althoughthelossoftheChallengeroncecastashadow6.onourhearts.Withthepurposeofrekindlingyoungpupils’interestinspacetravel，thespaceshuttle7.took(take)offon28January1986.Butonlyaminutelater，itinstantaneouslyexplodedandthelivesofitscrewweretragicallycutshort,8.making(make)peoplescreamwithhorror.Allthecrewsacrificed,9.buttheirspiritswouldinspireustocontinuetoreachforthestars，howeverhazardousand10.distant(distance)theyare.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇suspendv．中止，暂停，推迟；悬，挂；使悬浮(suspensionn．停职；暂停，中止；悬浮)besuspendedfromone’sjob被停职besuspendedby被……悬挂(1)Ithinkhersuspension(suspend)fromtheteamisaveryharshpunishment.(2)Hewassuspendedbyhisfeetandbeatenwithmetalbars.(3)(应用文写作之安慰信)听到你被停职的消息，我感到非常遗憾，我相信你可以证明自己的清白。IamterriblysorrytohearthatyouhavebeensuspendedfromyourjobandIdobelievethatyoucanproveyourinnocence.submitv．提交；呈递；屈服[submissionn．屈服；提交(物)；呈递(物)]submitsthtosb将某物提交给某人submit(oneself)to屈从于……(1)Submission(submit)mustbemadeintoasinglePDFnolargerthan10MBandnomorethaneighttotalpages.(2)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)大卫擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”Davidwipedhistearsandheldhisheadhigh，remarkingdeterminedly，“Iwon’tsubmit(myself)toothers’thoughts.”(3)有兴趣参加夏令营的同学，请于5月15日前向学生会办公室提交申请表及相关材料。ThosewhoareinterestedinthesummercampmustsubmittheapplicationsandrelevantmaterialstotheOfficeoftheStudentAssociationbyMay15.be/get/becomeaccustomedto(doing)sth习惯于(做)某事(accustomedadj.习惯于；惯常的accustomvt.使习惯于)accustomsb/oneselfto(doing)sth使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事MrKingwasaccustomedtolivinginthecountrysideandfoundithardtosuspendthislifeandliveinthecity.＝Accustomedtolivinginthecountryside，MrKingfoundithardtosuspendthislifeandliveinthecity.(用形容词短语作状语改写)＝Accustominghimselftolivinginthecountryside，MrKingfoundithardtosuspendthislifeandliveinthecity.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)castashadowon/over给……蒙上阴影castdown使失望；使沮丧(多用于被动语态)castout驱逐出去；赶走castoff摆脱掉；抛弃castaway使(船遇难后的幸存者)流落某处；扔掉；浪费(多用于被动语态)用cast短语的正确形式填空(1)Youmustdevelopself-disciplineandcastoffallthesebadhabits.(2)Ifyouwerecastawayonadesertisland，whatwouldyoumissmost?(3)Tragically，thebusaccidentcastashadowon/overpeople’shearts.(4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我的老师热切地劝我说：“你只有全身心地投入写作，才不会被打倒。”Myteachereagerlypersuadedme，“Youwon’tbecastdownonlyifyouthrowyourselfintowriting.”itbe＋v.-ed＋that...Soon，itwasunderstoodthattheSunwasjustonestaramongbillionsinthegalaxywecalltheMilkyWay.很快，人们认识到，太阳只是我们称之为“银河系”的星系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。it作形式主语而that从句是真正主语的常见句式有：Itbe＋过去分词＋that从句Itbe＋名词词组/adj.＋that从句It＋特殊动词(seem/turnout/occurtosb/...)＋that从句(1)Ithasbeenannouncedthatanothermannedspaceshuttlewillbesentupintospacenextyear.(2)ItisconvenientthatwecansubmitpaymentsonlinethroughnetworkbanksofWechat.(3)他突然想到，第二天早上他有一个重要的会议要参加。Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.(4)(2022·浙江6月，读后续写)我不禁惊呼：“原来还有很多人在挨饿。我们有责任把我们的善意和慷慨传递给他们。”Icouldn’thelpexclaiming，“Itturnsoutthattherearestillmanypeoplesufferingfromhunger.Itisourduty/responsibilitythatwepassonourkindnessandgenerositytothem.”用法点拨在英语中，形式主语或形式宾语一般用it，而不用this，that或其他代词。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．shadoweq\x(A.影子B.昏暗处；背光处C.坏影响D.少许；一丁点)(1)IthoughtIsawafigurestandingintheshadows.B(2)Theshadowslengthenedasthesunwentdown.A(3)Thenewleaderwantstoescapefromtheshadowofhispredecessor.C(4)Sheknewbeyondashadowofadoubtthathewaslying.D2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思(1)Anotablequestioniswhethertheycantackletheawesometask.艰难的(2)Annaangledhercameratowardsthetree.斜移Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．OnceIthrewmyselfintoit，Ihadnodifficultyinworkingouttheproblem.2.Thinkingtwice，Idecidedtosignupforthebasketballteam.3．Atthesightofthemonster，hesteppedbackwardandmadeagetaway，screaming(scream)withterror.4．Davewassuspendedfromschoolandwasunderinvestigationbecausehebroketheschoolrules.5.Furthermore，Ihaveaccustomedtoliving(live)aloneinthisbigcity.6．Thereisneveranydoubtthathowancientpyramidswerebuiltisamysteryforhumanbeings.学校英文报征稿：给中国空间站TiangongSpaceStation航天员们的一封信。假设你是李华，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.对他们为太空事业做出的成就感到骄傲；2.询问空间站上生活、工作情况；3.表达关心和祝愿。完成句子1．你们之所以在中国的太空探索中取得非凡的成就，就是因为你们从不向困难屈服。(Thereasonwhy...isthat；submitoneselfto)2．你们习惯失重的环境了吗？(beaccustomedto)3．如果你们因为想念家人而沮丧，你们会怎么做？(castdown)4．事实上，我们所有的学生都对你们在“天宫课堂”上的互动印象深刻，所以我不禁钦佩你们的开拓性工作，想知道成为一名合格的航天员需要什么。(Itisafactthat；现在分词短语作状语)5．我深信中国永远不会中止太空探索，未来我们可以取得更多成就。(suspend)组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。参考范文Dearastronauts，ThereasonwhyyoumakeremarkableaccomplishmentsinChina’sspaceexpeditionsisthatyouneversubmityourselvestodifficulties.AndIamwritingtoenquireaboutyourcurrentsituation.Haveyoubeenaccustomedtotheweightlessenvironment？Besides，ifyouarecastdownbecauseofmissingyourfamily，whatwillyoudo？Itisafactthatallofusstudentsareimpressedbyyourinteractionin“TiangongClass”，soIcannothelpadmiringyourpioneeringwork，wonderingwhatittakestobeaqualifiedastronaut.IamgreatlyconvincedthatChinawillneversuspendexploringspaceandwecanachievemoreinthefuture.Wishyouasuccessfulmissionandacomfortablejourney!Yoursfaithfully，LiHua教材语料整合亮词[动作描写]becomeaccustomedto；rekindle；castashadowon；scream；suspend；submit；angle；fetch；sneeze美句1.Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets，theirheartsintheirmouths，awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas，andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.(心理描写)2．Theworldwentintoshock，mostpeoplehavingassumedthatthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthantravellinginanaeroplane.Howwrongtheyhadbeen！Instantaneously，excitementandoptimismturnedintoterrorandfailure.Itwasthemostdisastrousspaceaccidentever，anditcastashadowonpeople’shearts.(心理描写)3．Wehadseenthesmilingfacesoftheastronautswavingtotheworldastheysteppedintotheshuttle.(动作描写)拓展语料积累主题语境结尾升华技巧：脱困类脱困类读后续写常常涉及危险的情节，如火灾、在森林遇到猛兽、在森林迷路等。此类主题可采用下列升华诀窍：诀窍一：经历＋感悟Thatdaywassounforgettablethatitwouldbeengravedinmymindforever.那一天是如此难忘，它将被永远刻在我的脑海里。诀窍二：名言/句型＋感悟OnlythenwasIawarethatitwascouragethatenabledustoovercomewhateverhardshipswecameacross.直到那时我才意识到，是勇气使我们能够克服我们遇到的任何困难。Withjointeffortswefinallyachievedourgoal.Justastheoldsayinggoes，“Wherethere’sawill，there’saway.”在大家的共同努力下，我们终于达成了目标。正如那句老话所说：“有志者，事竟成。”语料运用探索火星Whenmyfriend，anastronomer，askedmewhichplanetIwouldliketogoto.I①screamedatthetopofmyvoice，“Mars！”Butmyfriendsaid，“Therearestillmanychallengeswaitingtobesolved.Withthetemperaturebeingabove－60℃，nowwecan’tgotoMars.”②Iwascastdown.Myfriendadded，“③Onlyifwedon’tsubmitourselvestodifficultiescanweachieveourgoal(倒装句)．④Justasanoldsayinggoes，wherethere’sawill，there’saway(升华句)．”Hearingthis，thehopeinmyheartroseagain.当我的朋友，一名天文学家，问我想去哪颗行星。我用最大的声音叫道：“火星！”但是我的朋友说：“仍然有许多等待解决的问题。由于温度在零下60度，现在我们不能去火星。”我很失望。我的朋友补充道：“只有我们不屈服于困难我们才能实现目标。正如谚语所说，有志者事竟成。”听到这些话，我心中的希望又升了起来。高考题型组合练42提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关Ⅰ.阅读理解A(★)Forchildren，spaceismagical—awholeworldisoutthere，withsomanythingstolearnandstoriestoread.Herearesomechildren’sbooksaboutspaceandthesolarsystem.MaeamongtheStarsbyStasiaBurringtonThisbeautifullyillustratedpicturebookisattractivetoyoungkids.ItwasinspiredbythefirstAfricanAmericanwomaninspace，MaeJemison.IttellsthestoryofMaeasalittlegirl，whoalwaysknewshehadbigdreamsaboutspace.Thisisagreatadditiontoayoungkid’scollection，asaremindertoholdtighttodreamsandnevergiveup.SpacebyLibbyJacksonThisbeautifullyillustratedbookgiveskidsalookat50womenfromaroundtheworldwhowereinvolvedinexploringspaceinsomeway，fromthe19thcenturytothepresentday.Thisisaperfectgiftforyoungkidswhowanttoknowmoreaboutsomeofthelesser-knownscientificachievementsrelatedtospaceexploration.ChasingSpacebyLelandMelvinThisisMelvin’sstoryaboutbeingafootballplayer-turned-astronaut，alongwithhisrecoveryfromaninjurythatnearlylefthimdeaf.Kidswilllovereadinghisstoryabouthowhefacedchallengesandadvancedahead，andhealsoincludesDIYexperimentsforkidstotry，andasectionoffull-colorphotographs.SystemandBeyondbyDavidA．AguilarThebookisfullofbeautifulillustrationsofspace，andisperfectforkidsofallages，exploringvariousplanetsandthesolarsystem.Unlikeotherkids’spacebook，thisisaNationalGeographicbookwrittenandillustratedbyanaward-winningastronomerandspaceartist.AguilarisalsotheformerDirectorofScienceInformationandPublicOutreachattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics.语篇解读本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于太空和太阳系的儿童读物。1．WhatdoMaeamongtheStarsandSpacehaveincommon?A．Theyincludeless-knownastronauts.B．Theytellaboutscientists’childhood.C．Theycoverwomenexploringspace.D．Theyaresuitableforchildrenofallages.答案C解析推理判断题。根据MaeamongtheStarsbyStasiaBurrington部分的“ItwasinspiredbythefirstAfricanAmericanwomaninspace，MaeJemison.”和SpacebyLibbyJackson部分的“This...bookgiveskidsalookat50womenfromaroundtheworldwhowereinvolvedinexploringspace...”可知，两本书的共同之处是它们都涉及探索太空的女性。故选C。2．Whosebookattractschildrenshowinginterestinexperiments?A．StasiaBurrington’s.B．LibbyJackson’s.C．LelandMelvin’s.D．DavidA．Aguilar’s.答案C解析推理判断题。根据ChasingSpacebyLelandMelvin部分的“...healsoincludesDIYexperimentsforkidstotry...”可知，对实验感兴趣的孩子会被LelandMelvin的书吸引。故选C。3．WhatisuniquetoSystemandBeyond?A．Ithasbeautifulpictures.B．Ittellsaboutspaceartists.C．Ithaswonmanygrandawards.D．Itwaswrittenbyanastronomer.答案D解析细节理解题。根据SystemandBeyondbyDavidA．Aguilar部分的“Unlikeotherkids’spacebook...writtenandillustratedbyanaward-winningastronomerandspaceartist.”可知，这本书的独特之处是作者本人的身份是天文学家。故选D。B(★)Hopingtoliveonthemoononeday?Yourchancesjustgotatinybitbetter.Researchersfoundthatlunarpitsandcavesreachstabletemperatures，makingthempotentiallysuitableforhumanlife.PlanetaryscientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeleshavebeendoingtheresearch.Althoughmuchofthemoon’ssurfacetemperaturerangesfromashighas260degreesduringthedaytoaslowas280degreesbelowzeroatnight，themoonhaspitsandcaveswheretemperaturesstayatroughly63degreesFahrenheit，makinghumanhabitationapossibility，accordingtotheirnewresearch.Forperspective，adayornightonthemoonequalsalittleovertwoweeksontheearth—makinglong-termresearchandhabitationdifficultwithsuchextremelyhotandcoldtemperatures.Researcherssaythesestablespotscouldtransformthefutureoflunarexplorationandlong-termhabitation.Theshadowedareasofthesepitscouldalsoofferprotectionfromharmfulelements，suchassolarradiation，universalraysandmicrometeorites(微小陨石)．About16oftheover200discoveredpitsmostlikelycomefromcollapsedlavatubes—tunnelsthatformfromcooledlavaorcrust，accordingtoTylerHorvath，aUCLAdoctoralstudentandheadoftheresearch.Theresearchersthinkoverhangsinsideoftheselunarpits，whichwereinitiallydiscoveredin2009，couldbethereasonforthestabletemperature.TheresearchteamalsoincludesUCLAprofessorsofplanetaryscienceDavidPaigeandPaulHayneattheUniversityofColoradoBoulder.“Humansevolvedlivingincaves，andtocaveswemightreturnwhenweliveonthemoon，”saidPaigeinaUCLApressrelease.Therearestillplentyofotherchallengestoestablishinganysortoflong-termhumanresidenceonthemoon—includinggrowingfoodandprovidingenoughoxygen.TheresearchersmadeclearthatNASAhasnoimmediateplanstoestablishabasecamporhabitationsthere.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员发现月球上的坑洞温度稳定，可能适合人类生活，但是目前还有很多挑战，如种植食物和提供足够的氧气。4．Whatdidtheresearchersfind?A．Humanslikethelifeonthemoon.B．Peoplelivedinlunarpitsandcaves.C．Steadytemperatureexistssomewhereonthemoon.D．Temperaturesincavesandpitsvaryalotonthemoon.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Researchersfoundthatlunarpitsandcavesreachstabletemperatures，makingthempotentiallysuitableforhumanlife.”可知，研究人员发现月球存在温度稳定的坑洞。故选C。5．Whatdotheshadowedareasactasprotectionagainst?A．Solarheat.B．Harmfulliquids.C．Universalgases.D．Micrometeorites.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Theshadowedareasofthesepitscouldalsoofferprotection...raysandmicrometeorites(微小陨石)．”可知，月球上的坑洞的阴影区域可以抵挡微小陨石的伤害。故选D。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolved”probablymeaninparagraph5?A．Appeared. B．Developed.C．Hunted. D．Escaped.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Humansevolvedlivingincaves，andtocaveswemightB。7．WhydoesNASAnotestablishanyhabitationonthemoonatpresent?A．Ithasnosuchplans.B．Foodtheretastesbad.C．Manychallengesexist.D．Thereisnooxygen.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“Therearestillplentyofotherchallengestoestablishinganysortoflong-termhumanresidenceonthemoon—includinggrowingfoodandprovidingenoughoxygen.”可知，NASA目前没有计划在月球建立基地的原因是还有很多挑战。故选C。Ⅱ.完形填空(★)ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia，asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.Trujillo，however，isanaerospace1wholeadsateamattheNASAlaboratory2fortheroboticarmofthelatestMarsrover(火星探测器)．HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto3exploringit?That’sataleof4writteninthestars.Bornin1983，evenasayounggirlTrujillowas5ofherpassionforscience.Butshedoubtedhowfarshe’dbeableto6inamale-dominatedfield.ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.Only17atthetime，she7theoffer.Trujillotookaseriesofhousekeeping8toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.Sometimesshewascleaningbathroomstohelppayherwaythroughher9.Butshedidn’t10.“Isaweverythingcomingmywayasanopportunity.”Thencameanotherlife-changingmoment.ShebecamethefirstHispanic(西班牙语国家的)womantobe11totheNASAAcademy.Later，shebecameanengineeratNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.ThisFebruary，whenthePerseverancerover12onthesurfaceofMars，itwas13bycommentary(解说)fromTrujilloinNASA’sfirst-everSpanish-language14.Trujillo’sownstoryis15thatjustbeyondthebarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunitieswaitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughtoreachforthestars.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Trujillo凭借努力和毅力一步步成为美国宇航局的工程师的故事。1．A.astronaut B．pilotC．engineer D．guide答案C解析根据第五段的“Later，shebecameanengineeratNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.”可知，Trujillo是一名工程师。故选C。2．A.eager B．responsibleC．concerned D．grateful答案B解析beresponsiblefor负责……。根据“leadsateamattheNASAlaboratory”可知，此处指Trujillo领导的团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。故选B。3．A.actually B．hardlyC．accurately D．repeatedly答案A解析根据“gofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverse”并结合她成为航天工程师可知，此处指Trujillo从梦想探索宇宙变成真正地探索宇宙。故选A。4．A.innovation B．kindnessC．passion D．sympathy答案C解析innovation创新；kindness善良；passion热情；sympathy同情。根据下文“evenasayounggirlTrujillowasofherpassionforscience”可知，此处表达她的整个经历充满了激情。故选C。5．A.certain B．approvedC．afraid D．fond答案A解析根据上文“HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniversetoexploringit？”可知，她一直梦想着探索宇宙，结合此句中的even可知，此处表示甚至在她还很小时，就确定了对科学的追求和喜爱。故选A。6．A.respond B．riseC．invest D．apply答案B解析根据“inamale-dominatedfield”可知，在这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知道自己的努力和坚持让自己能走多远，地位能提高多少。故选B。7．A.madeup B．turnedupC．pickedup D．tookup答案D解析makeup编造；turnup出现，调大；pickup捡起，学会；takeup接受(建议或主意)。下文“toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege”提到她在迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D。8．A.measures B．activitiesC．jobs D．courses答案C解析根据“toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege”可知，她给别人做家务活，也就是通过家务工作挣钱让自己完成学业。故选C。9．A.studies B．purchasesC．recreations D．trips答案A解析根据“Sometimesshewascleaningbathrooms”可知，Trujillo通过打扫浴室挣钱帮助自己完成学业。故选A。10．A.clarify B．fearC．perceive D．complain答案D解析clarify阐明；fear害怕；perceive认为；complain抱怨。根据“Isaweverythingcomingmywayasanopportunity”可知，她把遇到的一切都当作机会，所以尽管学习很辛苦，但是她不抱怨。故选D。11．A.applied B．admittedC．assigned D．introduced答案B解析beadmittedto被……录取。根据“Thencameanotherlife-changingmoment.”可知，Trujillo是被美国宇航局学院录取，这是她人生的另一个转折点。故选B。12．A.originated B．generatedC．landed D．waited答案C解析根据“onthesurfaceofMars”可知，此处表示“毅力号”在火星表面着陆。故选C。13．A.accompanied B．distractedC．estimated D．occupied答案A解析accompany陪伴，伴随；distract分散；estimate估计；occupy占据。根据“bycommentary(解说)fromTrujilloinNASA’sfirst-everSpanish-language”可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”着陆时，同时伴随着广播中Trujillo的西班牙语的解说。故选A。14．A.theory B．broadcastC．comment D．performance答案B解析根据“itwasbycommentary(解说