上海市杨浦区高三二模英语试题

2018.4考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。1.ListeningprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.OntheplaygroundB.InadepartmentstoreC.IntheschoolbuildingD.Inastadium2.A.$518B.$580C.$614D.$6403.A.Mr.Johnson’sideasarenonsenseB.HequiteagreeswithMr.Johnson’sviewsC.Mr.JohnsonisgoodatexpressinghisideasD.Hesharesthewoman’sviewsonsocialwelfare4.A.NewwaystochargephonesB.ThespreadoffalseinformationC.InterestingvideosonWeChatD.Howpeopleenlargetheircircleoffriends5.A.TheweatherreportisfarfromthetruthB.TheheatcontinuestotheendoftheweekC.HewillhangoutattheendoftheweekD.He’srelievedtohavegonethroughthehotdays6.A.SeetheHollywoodmovieB.SkipthebeginningofthemovieC.GotosleepearlyD.Watchthemovieadvertisement7.A.ThewomanhasbeenchattingwithherparentsforalongtimeB.Thereissomethingwrongwithherparents’telephoneC.It’sverylikelythatthephoneisnotproperlyhungupD.Herparentsarebusytalkingonthephonefor30minutes8.A.AbigsportscentreisopenedtothepublicB.AswimmingpoolhasalreadybeenpletedC.MorefacilitieswillbefinishedaheadoftimeD.Ithasfacilitieswillbefinishedaheadoftime9.A.HiswordsarenotsoreliableB.HeiswellpreparedforthetestC.HeiswellinformedandknowseverythingD.Heknowsalotabouttheschoolarrangement10.A.TheyareraisingmoneyfortheirclubB.TheywillgoontocallmorepeopleC.TheywillfinishworkingtodayD.They’regladtocontributemoneySectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.TheycanremindthemselvestomakefulluseoftimeB.TheycankeeptimewhentheyarewritinganovelC.TheyshouldpaybytheminutewhentheyleaveD.Theycangetaclockasagiftforbuyingthecoffee12.A.CustomersshouldwashtheirowndishesforthereisnowaitressB.TherelaxedatmosphereattractslikemindedpeopletosocializethereC.CustomerscanbringtheirownsnacksbecausenofoodisservedthereD.WiFiisunavailablebecausefacetofacemunicationisencouragedthere13.A.IthasprovedtobepopularinbothBritainandRussiaB.ThepilotshopinLoC.It’snotwellreceivedinBritainbecauseitcostsmoreD.IttakestimetoseewhetherBritishpeoplelikeitornotQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.TeachstudentshowtoavoiderrorsinwritingB.CorrecttestpapersonChineselanguagecourseC.HelpforeignerstolearnChinesecharactersD.Correctmistakesinstudents’speeches15.A.ItshouldbeconnectedwithalaserprinterB.EssaysofdifferentstylesshouldbestoredinitC.ThepapertextshouldbechangedintodigitalnextD.Characterrecognitionsystemshouldbeinstalledinit16.A.ItcannotworkasefficientlyandaccuratelyasarealteacherB.ItcannotappreciatethecontentandthebeautyoflanguageC.ItcannotusedifferentsymbolstomarkdifferentmistakesC.ItsChineselinguisticdatasystemisnotbigandpleteQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Thepostisreallyfunny.B.Theyenjoybullying(欺负)Bill.C.TheyallgetalongwellwithBill.D.Theyoftengivelikestofriend’spost18.A.HepushedBilldownthestairs.B.HemadefunofthemanlastyearC.HemadenegativementsonthepostD.Heoncehurttheman’sfeelingseriously.19.A.LeadtoquarrelsandisolationB.SeekrevengeandbehaveviolentlyC.ImproveenduranceandinterpersonalskillsD.Affectacademicperformanceandemotionalhealth20.A.DeletehispostassoonaspossibleB.ApologizetoBillforhishurtfulpostC.ConvinceBillofhiswellmeantactionD.StoppostinganythingaboutBillforawhileII.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whenitestoinnovativecountries,wealwaysthinkofplacesliketheUS,theUKandGermany.However,Israelisalsoagloballeader(21)__________innovation.AccordingtotheWorldEconomicForum’sGlobalpetitivenessReport20162017,Israelisthesecond(22)________(innovative)nationintheworld,justafterSwitzerland.Manyofus(23)_____notbeaware,buttechnologiesdevelopedinIsraelhavechangedourlives.Forexample,antivirussoftware(24)________protectsourputerswasfirstdevelopedinIsraelinthe1970s,accordingtoTheTelegraph.Inaddition,featuresonourmobilephonessuchasvoicemailandSMSwerealsodevelopedinIsrael.SoitesasnosurprisethatIsraelplanstouseitsinnovativestrength(25)______(power)thecooperationwithChinaintheBeltandRoadInitiative.(26)___________________Israelisneeded,itwillsparenoefforttocontributetotheproject,saidIsraeliPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyabuduringhisvisittoChinainMarch,ManyIsraelienvironmentaltechnologypanieshavealreadysetupfacilitiesinShandongprovince,(27)_____(bring)Israelitechniquestomanyareassuchasrecyclingwaterforagriculturaluse,reportedtheTimesofIsrael.(28)______(found)onverydryland,Israelhadbeenworriedaboutwaterforaverylongtime.However,inrecentyears,thequalityandquantityofwaterinIsrael(29)______(improve),withthehelpoftechniquesthatturnMediterraneanseawaterandwastewaterintousablewater.Infact,suchinnovationshaveledtomoreandmoreChinesestudents(30)_____(seek)qualityhighereducationinIsrale.“WhenChinesestudentswhostudyheregobackhome,theywillbeinpositionstoinfluenceChinaIsraelrelationshipsinthefuture,”EmmaAfterman,managerofIsraelChinaAcademicRelationsattheCouncilforHigherEducation,toldtheJerusalemPost.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.dangerousB.measuredC.continuousD.peakedE.explosionF.classifiedG.confusionH.ReligiousI.effortJ.launchedK.attachedParentshavebeenconcernedabouttheirkids’useoftechnologysincethedawnoftechnology—oratleastsincetheinventionofthetransistorradiointhe1950s.today,technologyiseverywhere,andkidsaregrowingup___31___totheirsmartphones,tabletsandlaptopsinwaysthat50smomsanddadscouldneverhavedreamedof.Parentalconcernhasgrownalongwiththistech__32___.Butnow,eventhoseintheindustryarewonderingiftechnologyhastakenatruly__33___holdonallofusandespeciallychildren.NolessthanMelindaGates,wifeofMicrosoftfounderBillGats,wroteaneditorialintheWashingtonPostlastsummerexpressingregretforthePandora’sBoxsheandherhusbandhelpedopen.“Ispentmycareerintechnology.Iwasn’tpreparedforitseffectonmykids.”Shewrote.“Phonesandappsaren’tgoodorbadbythemselves,butforadolescentswhodon’t’yethavetheemotionaltoolstodealwithlife’splicationand_34__,theycanaddtothedifficultiesofgrowingup.”Astudy,whichcameoutthisyear,lookedatyearlysurveysof8th,10thand12thgradersintheU.S.between19912016,and__35___markersofpsychologicalwellbeing,suchasselfesteem,lifesatisfactionandhappiness.Itfoundthatsuchwellbeingsuddenlydecreasedafter2012justatthetiethattheuseofsmarphoneandsocialmedia__36__.Therewasadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountoftimespentonelectronicsandunhappiness.Happinesswashighestamongkidswhoparticipatedinsports,followedbyinpersonsocializingand___37__services.Thelowest?Onlineputergames—theabuseofwhichhasrecentlybeen__38___arecognizedmentalhealthdisorderbytheWorldHealthOrganization—andsocialmedia.Earlythisyear,bigplayersformerlyoftechpaniessuchasGoogleandFacebookcreatedtheCenterforHumaneTechnologyand,inpartnershipwiththenonprofitorganizationmonSenseMedia,__39___afullmediaandadvertisingattackontheveryindustrytheyhadahandinbuilding.Theirinitiative,theTruthaboutTech,ispouringmillionsofdollarsintoa(n)__40__towarnparents,teachersandstudentsthatthetechnologytheyuseisinfactengineeredtoaddictthem.III.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Thisisusuallyjustatheoreticalquestion.Theideaofsuddenlytakingtheformofyourneighbor,acelebrityorevenyourdogisfuntothinkabout,butseeminglyimpossibleto__41___.Yetafewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusualvirtualrealitydevice.“Thefirstsecondsarejustoverwhelming,”saysRikkeFancesWahl,awomanwho__42___becameaman.“Itfeelsmysterious.Youstarttofeelmoreandmorefortableinit,andyoustarttoreallygetthe__43___ofhowitwouldbeifitwereyourbody.”Wahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswapping(替换)experimentattheBeAnotherlab,aprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.She__44___hernewbodyusingamachinecalledTheMachinetobeAnother.Thesetupisrelativelysimple.Bothusersputonavirtualrealityheadsetwithacamerainstalledtothetopofit.Thevideofromeachcameraispipedtotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyour__45___.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyouarm,sheseesit.Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson’sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit,participantsstartbymovingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.__46__,thiskindofslow,synchronized(同步)movementbeesfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofeelmovementbeesfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheywerelivinginanotherperson’sbody.“Itwassonatural,”Wahlsays,laughing,“andatthesametimeitwassounnatural.”Interestingly,usingsuchtechnology__47__toalterpeople’sbehaviourafterwards—potentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbe__48___infightingimplicitracism(隐性种族歧视).ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeopleAnotherstudyshowedthatusingthesocalled“rubberhandillusion(错觉)”canhavethesame__49___.Whenthatrubberhandisacolourunliketheirskin,participants__50___lowerontestsforimplicitracismthanwhentheywatchedahandofthesameskincolour.Theideaisthatonceyou’ve“putyourselfinanother’sshoes”you’relesslikelytothink__51___ofthem,becauseyourbrainhas__52__thefeelingofbeingthatperson.Wahlsaysthatshe’djumpatthechancetoswapbodieswithsomeoneagain.“Iwouldreally,really__53___ittoeveryone,everyoneshouldtrythisthing,”shesays.“Weallhavedifferentfeelingsandpointsofviewsaboutthings,”saysPointeau,“andit’sreallystronglyrelatedtoour__54___experience.Withthiskindofexperiencewecan__55__empathy—theactionofunderstanding,butalsomaybehelppeoplebetterunderstandthemselvestoo.”41.A.execute B.excuse C.explore D.exhibit42.A.contemporarily B.permanently C.temporarily D.secretly43.A.passion B.fantasy C.familiarity D.energy44.A.inherited B.altered C.endured D.acquired45.A.reflection B.partner C.colleague D.image46.A.Consciously B.Constantly C.Eventually D.Equivalently47.A.requires B.prefers C.promises D.volunteers48.A.progressive B.informative C.realistic D.effective49.A.impact B.instruction C.initiative D.intention50.A.analyzed B.scored C.predicted D.valued51.A.highly B.ill C.straight D.fairly52.A.expressed B.mixed C.internalized D.deleted53.A.connect B.advertise C.register D.remend54.A.bodily B.sensitive C.mental D.initial55.A.endure B.promote C.honor D.identifySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)ABritishhospitaldirectortoldmehewashuntingforstafftoreplacetheforeigndoctorsandnursesleavingbecauseofBrexit(脱欧).Hehadn’tfoundmanyqualifiedBritonsqueuingtoreplacethem.Inanagewhenthe“warfortalent”isaglobalbusinesstrend,theUKisfightingawaragainsttalent.ButifIwereaBrexiter,I’dsay:BrexitShouldbethepromptforBritaintofinallystarttrainingenoughofitsowntalent.IfUKwantstoavoideconomicdecline,itwillneedtotrainfarmoreofitsownnurses,constructionworkers,architects,etc.Foracountrywhosepolicyhasalwaysbeennottoeducatetheworkingclass,thatwouldbeareversalofhistory.BeforeBrexit,highskilledimmigrantsstaffedworldclassBritishsectorssuchastheCityofLondonandthecreativeeconomy.Inhealthcare,theUKdevelopedabrilliantway:letapoorcountrylikeRomaniafundanurse’seducation,thenunderpayhertolookaftersickBrits.LowskilledimmigrantseagertoworkallhoursforlittlemoneygavetheUKcafesandcornershopsthatseldomclosed.LowskilledBritonscouldhavedonethesejobs,butmostlydidn’t.TheingwaveofBritishtalentislargelyimmigranttoo:thekidswhohavemadeLondon’sstateschoolstheUK’sbest,plustheoffspringofRussian,Chineseandotherforeignelites(精英)whofillprivateschools.ManyofthesewouldlovetostayandmaketheUKricher.ButBrexiterswanttocutimmigration.Theobvioussolution:equipworkingclassBritstodojobsfromnursingtobanking.JonathanPortes,economicsprofessoratKing’sCollegeLondonsaid:“TheproblemofUKvocationaleducationhasbeenknownforatleastacentury.We’vealwaysneglectedit.”Infact,inAugusttheUKremovedthestatebursary(助学金)forpeopletrainingtobenurses,midwivesandspeechtherapists.Studentsnowhavetofundcoursesthemselves,thenearnalowsalaryforalifetime.IfBritaindoesn’tupskillitsworkersfast,itwillloseskilledjobs.Itwillcontinuetohavetheworld’sbestuniversitiespercapitaonlyifitcanfindenoughBritonstoreplaceforeignacademicswholeavetheUK.Muchthesameappliestofinanceordesign.Meanwhile,lowskilledforeignfruitpickershavealreadymeltedawaysincethepoundplunged.WithfewBritonsqueuingtoreplacethem,muchofthisyear’sproducerottedinthefields.SothelikelypostBrexitouteisaUKthatcannotkeepitselfinthestyletowhichithasbeeaccustomed.ThewaragainsttalentwillprobablyleaveBritainlookingabitmoreliketoday’sEnglishseasidetowns,ormostofthecountryinthe1970s:culturallyhomogeneous(同种类的),relativelypoorandunderserviced.55.TheUKisfightingawaragainsttalentbecause______.A.skilledimmigrantsleavethecountryafterBrexitB.itdoesn’thaveenoughfundtotrainitsowncitizensC.toomanyqualifiedBritonsarequeuingforcreativejobsD.itistryingadifferentapproachtoattractingtalent56.WhichisFALSEaboutthesituationintheUKbeforeBrexit?A.Hospitalsemployedmanyimmigrantnurses.B.Muchattentionwaspaidtothenursetraining.C.ManyBritswereunwillingtodolowpaidjobsD.Immigrantelitescouldfindcreativeanddecentjobs58.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.MostwelleducatedimmigrantshadnoplantostayintheUKB.ThegovernmentnowgivesnursestobesomefinancialsupportC.Alotoffruitsrottedinthefieldsforthelackofskilledfruitpickers.D.Theoutflowoftalentonlyexistedinthefieldofeducationandhealthcare59.Accordingtothewriter,thepostBrexitBritainislikelyto______A.beasrichandpowerfulasitusedtobeB.beasconvenientasitwasbeforeBrexitC.bedifferentinstylebutthesameinessenceD.gobackwardineconomyandsocialservice.B60.Thefourdrones(无人机)arelistedinorderof________.A.popularityB.salesC.priceD.size61.IfyouwanttosharewhatyoushootonWeChatwithintheshortesttime,_____isremended.A.DJIMavicPro4KFoldableCameraDroneB.DJISparkAlpineWhiteC.DJIPhantom44KCameraDroneD.ProFlightMaverickFoldingCameraDrone62.Amongthefourtype,ProFlightMaverickFoldingCameraDronehasauniquefeaturethat________.A.itsmaximumspeedisthehighestB.userscanpilotitjustbymovingfingersC.itcanbecontrolledbyasmartphoneD.ittakesuptheleastspacewhenfoldedCIt’salmostspring,thetimeofyearwhenthechangeinseasonscouldleadtosomeprettyfascinatingcloudactivityinthesky.NASAandtheGLOBEProgramareinvitingyoutotakepartinacitizensciencecloudobservationchallenge.TheGLOBEProgramisaninternationalscienceandeducationprogramthatprovidesstudentsandthepublicwiththeopportunitytoparticipateindatacollectionandthescientificprocess.FromMarch15throughApril15,citizenscientistsofallagescanmakeupto10cloudobservationsperdayusingtheGLOBEObserverapporoneoftheotherdataentryoptions(fortrainedGLOBEmembers).ChallengeparticipantswiththemostobservationswillbecongratulatedbyaNASAscientistinavideopostedontheGLOBEProgram’swebsiteandonsocialmedia.“TheGLOBEProgramisofferingthischallengetoshowpeoplehowimportantitistoNASAtohavecitizenscientistobservations:observationsfromthegroundup,”saidMarileColonRobles,leadfortheGLOBECloudsteamatNASA’sLangleyResearchCenterinHampton,Virginia.“WeResearchersuse,andvalue,thiscitizenscienceclouddatabecauseithelpstovalidatedatafromEarthobservinginstruments.ScientistsatLangleyworkwithasetofsixinstrumentsknownastheCloudsandtheEarth’sRadiantEnergySystem(CERES)EventhoughCERES’instrumentsuseadvancedtechnology,itisnotalwayseasyforresearcherstopositivelyidentifyalltypesofcloudsintheirimages.Forexample,itcanbedifficulttodifferthin,wispycirrusclouds(细小的卷云)fromsnowsincebotharecoldandbright;evenmoresowhencirruscloudsareaboveasurfacewithpatchysnow(片状雪)orsnowcover.Onesolutiontothisproblemistolookatsatelliteimagesfromaparticularareaandparethemtodatasubmittedbycitizenscientistsontheground.“Lookingatwhatanobserverrecordedascloudsandlookingattheirsurfaceobservationsreallyhelpsusbetterunderstandtheimagesthatwerematchedfromthesatellite,”saidColonRobles.Youdon’thavetobeacloudgazingprofessionaltoparticipate.Forthosewhowanttobepartofthechallengebutdon’thavealotofexperienceidentifyingclouds,ColonRoblesoffersthefollowingadvice:“Justgooutside.”Themorecloudsyouobserve,shesaid,themorefortableyou’llbecollectingdata.63.Whydoresearcherslaunchthecloudobservationchallenge?A.TheGLOBEProgramisbadlyshortofhands.B.ThetechnologyCERESusesisnotthatadvancedC.Scientistscanparedatafromdifferentinstruments.D.Cirruscloudsaredifficulttoidentifywhenwithsnowcover64.Theunderlinedword“validate”isclosestinmeaningto_________.A.createB.cancelC.countD.confirm65.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.CitizenobserverscanonlysubmittheirdatabymeansofanappB.ObserverssubmittingthemostobservationscangetaspecialprizeC.ObservationsfromthegroundarenotasvaluableassatelliteimagesD.Thedatacollectedbycitizenscientistswillbepostedonsocialmedia66.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.NASAEmploysNewmembersB.CloudActivitiesBringaNewChallengeC.CitizensGainExperiencethroughObservationD.ProfessionalsTeachYoutoObserveCloudsSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Wewouldseeincreasedtensionsandconflictasaresultofpressureonscarceresources.B.Thereportshowsthatwithpropereffortsthenumberofclimatemigrantscouldbereduceddramatically,from140millionto40millionby2050.C.Somemeasuresthatcouldhelphelplesspeopleadapttoclimatechangewereontheagenda.D.However,itnotedthatcitiesmusttakethetimetoplanforthepossibilityforafloodofpeople.E.Countriesthatarebeingmorerestrictiveonmigrationarethosewhoarelargelyresponsibleforglobalwarming.F.Iffoundthatunlessurgentactionistaken,theregionswilllikelyhavetodealwithtensofmillionsofsocalledclimatemigrants.AnewreportbytheWorldBankshowsthattheeffectsofclimatechangecouldforce140millionpeopletomovewithintheircountriesby2050.ThereportlookedatthreedevelopingregionsoftheworldsubSaharanAfrica,SouthAsiaandLatinAmerica.__67___.Climatemigrantsarepeoplewhoareforcedtomovewithintheircountrybecauseofwaterscarcity,cropfailure,risingsealevelsandstormsurgesduetoclimatechange.__68____Itisimportanttohelppeoplemakegooddecisionsaboutwhethertostaywheretheyareormovetonewlocationswheretheyarelessvulnerable.Thereportnotedthattheeffectsofclimatechangewilloftenforcepeopletomovefromruralareassufferingfromdroughtsorcropfailurestocitieswheretherearedifferentopportunities.___69____“Withouttherightplanningandsupport,peoplemigratingfromruralareasintocitiescouldbefacingnewandevenmoredangerousrisks,”saidKantaJumariRigaud,thereport’steamlead.“________70____”Rigaudadded.Thereportremendskeyactionstohelppreventwidescaleclimatemigration:cuttingglobalgreenhousegasemissions;improvingdevelopmentplanningatthelocallevelforclimatemigration;andinvestingindatatobetterunderstandclimatemigrationtrendsineachcountry.Thereportnotesthatanyriseinclimatemigrationwillbeinadditiontomillionsofothermigrantswithincountries,movingforeconomic,social,politicalorotherreasons.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Itisuniversallytruethatallparentsintheworldlovetheirchildren.However,asparents’viewsoflifevary,theyshowtheirloveindifferentways.Themonarchtypeofparentsareintolerantandselfcentered.Theylaydownregulationsinthefamilyfortheirchildrentoobserve.Furthermore,theyinsistthattheirchildrenshouldactuponthemwithoutquestion.Withafrimbeliefintheirownphilosophyoflife,theyhavelittlerespectforothers’opinions,leastofall,theirchildren’s.thesentencetheysaymostfrequentlytotheirchildrenis,“youshoulddothis.”Contrarytothemonarchtypeparents,theservanttypeparentsrevolvearoundtheirchildrenallthetime.Theyaresoft,goodnatured,andeasygoing.Theyneverdenytheirchildrenanywish,andcheerfullyruntobuyanythingtheirchildrenaskfor.Theyarehappysolongastheirchildrenarecontent.Withthesincerebeliefthatlovemeanssacrifice,theyarereadytogiveupanythingortheirchildren’ssake.Withtheirchildrenatthecenteroftheirlives,theyalwaysask,“Whatelsecanwedoforyou?”Thefriendtypeparents,asthetermimplies,treattheirchildrenasfriends.Theyaregenerousandwise.Likegoodfriends,theydiscusswiththeirchildrenthelatestnews,sharetheirchildren’sinterests,andlistenattentivelytotheirchildren’sexpressionofemotion,whetheritisanger,fear,joyorsorrow.Theyhaveacloserelationshipwiththeirchildrenwhilestickingtotheirprincipledstand.Theydiscussproblemswiththeirchildrenra