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高考英语考前学问点串讲一、LanguagePoints
1.
share
v.共享、合用:sharesthwithsb
n.一份,股份
sparea.业余的,备用的:sparetime,asparetire
v.抽出,匀给:
sparemefiveminutes/
spareoneofsandwichesfortheboy
sparenoefforts:不遗余力
sparenoexpense:不惜工本
save
v.节约,救出
2.Hefeltluckytohavesurvivedthewar.
3.
arguewithsbabout/oversth:和某人就某事争辩
arguefor/againststh:赞成/反对…
agueSbinto/outof(doing)sth:劝服某人做/不做某事
4.
have/make/let/see/watch/listento+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)
getsbtodosth
have+宾+宾补(todo/tobedone)
5.
So+同一主语+助动词
So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语
Soitis/waswith+另一主语
6.should/oughtto/need/could/might/would+do/havedone
7.
except/but/exceptfor/exceptthat/exceptwh-clause
besides/inaddition
apartfrom
butfor=without
8.
Thefirsttime+从句
Forthefirsttime:作时间状语
It’sthefirsttime+that-clause(完成时)
thefirst+名词+todo
9.most
mostofthe+n.(pl)/pron.
themajorityof(the)
mostly:主要地〔状〕
10.
beequaltosth:及…相等
beequalto(doing)sth:胜任(做)某事
equalsth:及…相等
equalsbinsth:在…方面及某人匹敌
11.
compare…to/with…
comparedto/with…
12.agreatmany
several/twodozen/hundred+n.(pl.)
(many)dozensof
agreatmanyof+the/these/those+n.(pl.)
seveal/twodozenof
+pron.
13.
muchtoo+adj/adv(原级)
toomuch+n.(u.)
toomany+n.(pl.)
14.没有被动态
sth+comeabout(主要用于疑问句、否认句)
sth+happen(表示偶尔、碰巧之意)
sth+takeplace(多表示有组织、有方案)
sth+breakout(指斗争、灾难、疾病等的爆发)
sth+occur(及happen通用)
Itoccurstosbthat/todo…:某人突然想起…
15.
With+宾+宾补+n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase
With+宾+宾补+todo:表将来
With+宾+宾补+doing:表正在进展
With+宾+宾补+Done:表过去
16.强调句型的推断方法:假如将句子中的“itbe〞和“that〞去掉,原句通顺则是强调句,否则就不是强调句。例:
ItwasinthestreetthatImetanoldfriendyesterday.二、语法专题──名词的考点
1.考察可数名词和不行数名词,尤其是很多不行数名词在确定状况下变为可数名词。
2.考察名词的格,即’s全部格,of全部格或双重全部格。
3.名词作定语。
4.名词及名词短语的辨析。
5.名词及介词,冠词,动词的搭配。三、题型归纳──辨析型单项填空
1.名词的辨析
名词的辨析首先要留意名词单复数的意义区分,如parent指父亲或母亲,而parents指父母双亲;people指人们,而apeople指民族。其次留意可数及不行数时的意义区分,如:exercise指熬炼;而exercises指练习题或练习操;再次,留意同义名词或近义名词的区分,如::event指发生的重大事务、体育工程;incident指偶发事务;而accident指意外事务。最终还要留意近形词的区分,如:cloth指布;cloths指各种不同用处的布;clothes指衣服(复数),clothing衣服(总称)。
2.动词的辨析
对于动词的辨析,首先要理解动词的及物及不及物,如:reply意为“答复,答复〞后面接名词时需接介词to,此时为不及物动词;后接从句时,则为及物动词。其次是要弄清动词的词义区分,如:advise及persuade,前者指劝告、劝告,强调过程;而后者指劝服,强调结果。最终还要区分各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法:动词的v-ing形式表示正在进展或伴随的动作;v-ed形式表示完成或被动;todo形式表示即将进展的动作等。
3.形容词、副词的辨析
对于形容词、副词,一是要留意近义词间的区分,如:clever指对问题处理的圆滑;bright指对问题的反响快;wise指选择的正确等。此外,如wide及broad;strong及powerful;interesting及interested;exciting及excited等。二是留意同形的形容词和副词,如:close作形容词时意为“亲密的〞;作副词时意为“接近,靠拢〞。三是留意同根副词的区分,如:hard及hardly,前者指猛烈地、努力地;而后者意为几乎不。四是留意副词形式的形容词,如:friendly,lovely,lively事实上是形容词,切不行当作副词运用。五是留意形容词的位置区分,如:present+n.及n.+present,前者指当前的;而后者指在场的。
4.介词的辨析
对介词的辨析要从两方面入手,一是介词的词义,如:across,through,past,over为动作介词,across强调从外表横过,越过;through强调从空间穿过;past强调从侧面、旁边经过;over强调从空中越过而不接触,也可以表示越过一段间隔、空间等。此外,如above,over,on;with,by;of,to;to,for的区分。
5.连词的辨析
连词的区分主要在于:一是连词的意义,如:when,while及as;because,since及for;whether及if;though,as及although等。二是留意时间名词短语转化而成的连词,如:every/eachtime;thefirst/second…time;themoment;theminute等,它们都可作连词,连接从句。三是留意副词转化而成的连词,如:directly,immediately,instantly等。四是留意连词的词序,如:onlyif及ifonly,前者意为“只要〞,后者意为“要是…就好了〞。
6.代词的辨析
代词的辨析包括不定代词,如:other,others,theother,theothers,another等;人称代词,如:one,it,that等和关系代词,如:which及that;which及as;whose及prep.+which/whom等。1.Doestheteacher____youtogohomethisweekend
A.allow
B.consent
C.agree
D.approve
2.Afterthebigfire,thehousewascompletely____.
A.ruined
B.destroyed
C.damaged
D.spoiled
3.Thehuntersaidhewasluckytogetoutoftheforest____.
A.living
B.alive
C.lively
D.live
4.____talkingwithhisGrandma,hewentawaywithoutsayingaword.
A.Tiringwith
B.Tiringof
C.Tiredwith
D.Tiredof
5.It’snecessarytohavesome____knowledgeforthisjob.
A.electric
B.electrical
C.elctron
D.electricity
6.Thephoto____onthewallwastakeninBeijinglastyear.
A.hang
B.hanging
C.hung
D.hanged
7.OnNewYear’sDay,people,especiallygirls,alwayswearnew____-newhats,newcoats,newtrousersandnewshoes.
A.clothes
B.clothing
C.cloth
D.cloths
8.Hestaysup____intheeveningstogoonlinetogetthe____information.
A.late,latest
B.lately,last
C.late,last
D.latest,latest
9.____isittoaskheraboutheraboutthatShedoesn’tknowiteither.
A.Whatgood
B.Howgood
C.Whatagood
D.Howmuchgood
10.____IhaddoneitIknewIhadmadeamistake.
A.Hardly
B.Directly
C.mostly
D.Nearly
11.ItissaidyouwenttoseeJennyyesterday.Whathasbecome___her
A.from
B.of
C.into
D./
12.Whodoyouthinkwillbeallowed____theretomorrow
A.visit
B.tovisit
C.visiting
D.visited
13.TodaywecaneitherflytoHainanIslandortakeaship___thesea.
A.in
B.across
C.fromin
D.acrossfrom
14.Youwilfindwhatgreatbenefitthecomputeryouowncanbe____eachtimeyouuseittohelpyouwork.
A.for
B.of
C.at
D.on
15.Ithoughthewasnot____ofaprofessorthefirsttimeIheardhimspeakingtothechildrenattheplatforminthehallofourschool.
A.something
B.anything
C.somebody
D.anybody
16.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.
A.way
B.choice
C.possibility
D.selection
17.____studentshavegraduatedfromthisschoolinthelasttwentyyears.
A.Tensofthousandsof
B.Tensuponthousandsof
C.Tensinthousands
D.Tenthousandsof
18.Thefarmersplantoproducethreetimes____intheyearbeforelasttomeettheincreasingneedofthepeople.
A.ofcropasmuchthisyearas
B.asmuchcropthisyearas
C.asmorecropthisyearas
D.muchcropthisyearthan
19.Ithinkthehouseis____largeforafamilyoffourpeopleandthepriceisveryreasonable.
A.too
B.rather
C.fairly
D.alittle
20.Hismotherdislikeshim,forhe____lies.
A.tells
B.isalwaystelling
C.hastold
D.alwaystold1-5ABBDB
6-10BBAAB
11-15BBDBB
16-20BABCB一、Languagepoints
1.
consider(以为,认为)+sb./sth.+adj/n
consider(以为,认为)+sb./sth.+todo
consider(以为,认为)+sb./sth.+as
consider(以为,认为)+that-clauseconsider(考虑)+n
consider(考虑)+doing
consider(考虑)+疑问词+todosth
“把…当作…〞的译法:consider…as
=thinkof/lookon/take/regard/treat/have…as
2.
Away+ofdoing/todo
Away+(that/inwhich)+定语从句
Amethodofdoingsth
Youcansolvetheproblem+withthismethod/bythismeans/inthiswaybymeansof:通过…方式,以…手段
bythis/thatmeans:通过这种/那种方式
byallmeans:务必,确定;〔用于答复〕当然行,请
bynomeans:决不,一点也不〔用于句首时用倒装〕
3.
protect…(from)doingsth
prevent/stop…(from)doingsth
keep…fromdoing
keep…doing
underthepotectionof…
4.
aswell
aswellas
might/mayaswell=hadbetter
5.
specially+for-phrase/todo
especially
6.
alongtheriver:沿着河流
overtheriver:在河的正上方
throughtheforest:穿过森林
bytheriver:在河边
onthebank:在河岸上
7.
followtheinstructions
followone’sadvice
asfollows
8.beresponsibletosbforsth
9.
prefer+n.
prefer+doing/todosth
prefer+sbtodosth
prefer+sthtosth
prefer+doingAtodoingB
prefer+todoAratherthandosth
prefer+thatsb(should)dosth
10.
n.+after+n.=one+n.+afteranother一个接一个〔强调动作的重复〕
n.+by+n.:一个接一个〔强调动作的变更〕
treeaftertree/daybyday
11.向“某人〞问好
say“hi〞tosb.
Pleaseremembermetosb.
Sendmyregardstosb.
Sendthebestwishestosb.
12.主+be+adj.+todo:不定式一般用主动式,及主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系,所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时,则应在其后加上适当的介词。
主+be+adj.+todo=Itbe+adj.+(for/ofsb)+todosth
eg.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.
=It’sdifficulttoanswerthequestion.
Themanishardtoworkwith.=It’shardtoworkwiththeman.
当不定式用作定语时,及其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,且主语为该动作的执行者时,也常常用主动形式。
Eg.
Hewantswatertodrink.
Shehasaroomtolivein.
IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakenthere二、语法专题──冠词的考点
1.考察冠词的一些根本用法,例如:复数名词、不行数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词;the+单数名词表类指;a/an+单数名词表泛指。
2.考察冠词的习惯用法。如:incaseoffire,bewoundedintheleg,onthetelephone,leavecollege等。
3.考察冠词的活用。如:抽象名词的详细化,asuccess;a/an+专出名词表泛指,anEdison。
4.考察零冠词的用法。三、题型归纳──构造型单项填空
构造型试题常表如今句子中某些成分的省略、标点符号的出现、倒装或插入其他成分使前后别离等,从而引起句子构造的变更,扰乱对句子的推断。
1.
有省略的复合句。由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略,导致对不定式作状语产生误会。
2.
标点符号的影响。由于受汉语习惯的影响,往往会因为句子中的标点符号,弄错句子的构造。
3.
插入语的影响。有些句子由于中间插入了某些成分,而使句子显得支离裂开,造成对句子构造的误会。
4.
倒装句型的根本构造:(1)完全倒装;(2)部分倒装:1〕在特殊疑问句和一般疑问句中;2〕so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情态动词+主语;3〕当虚拟语气的条件从句中省略if时,were,had,和should应置于句首,采纳倒装构造;4〕表示祝福的句子:may+主语+动词原形;5〕as,though引导让步状语从句时:提早部分+as+主语+谓语动词;6〕表示否认意义的副词、介词短语和连词词组置于句首;7〕当notuntil+时间状语从句置于句首时,主句应采纳倒装构造,而从句仍用正常语序;8〕notonly…butalso…连接两个句子时,第一个句子采纳倒装构造,第二个句子不采纳倒装构造;9〕nosooner…tham…,hardly…when…,scarcely…when…都表示“一…就…〞,强调过去的两个动作接连发生,当nosooner,hardly和scarcely置于句首时,主句常把had置于主语之前,采纳倒装构造,但从句不倒装。10〕only+副词/介词短语/宾语/时间状语从句置于句首时,常采纳倒装,但only+主语则不应采纳倒装;11〕在so/such…that…引导的结果状语从句中,将so+adj./adv.或such置于句首时,其主句常采纳倒装构造。
5.
强调句型,感慨句,并列句的应用。
6.
独立主格构造。1)n+todo;2)n+doing;3)n+done;4)n+prep.+n.;5)n+adj/adv;6)n+n;7)with+n+todo/doing/done/adj/adv/prep+n.1.Hesaidhewoulddowhathecould____us.
A.help
B.tohelp
C.helping
D.helped
2.Hespentallthemoneyhehad____thatdictionary.
A.buy
B.tobuy
C.buying
D.bought
3.Therearemorethanthreethousandstudentsinmyschool,mostof____fromthecountry.
A.that
B.which
C.whom
D.them
4.Itishiscleverness,nothisstrenth,____defeatedhisrival.
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.who
5.Thewayyouthinkof_____ourlivingconditionssoundsreasonable.
A.improve
B.toimprove
C.improving
D.improvement
6.Ifeelstronglythatwhateveryou____mattertome.
A.don’t
B.dodoesn’t
C.don’tdo
D.doesn’tdo
7.Isthisschool____youstudiedintwoyearsago
A.that
B.when
C.it
D.theone
8.Pleasetellmethewaythoughtof____thegarden.
A.takecareof
B.totakecareof
C.takingcareof
D.howtotakecareof
9.MrWangwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachinehehadhad____wentwrongagain.
A.itrepaired
B.toberepaired
C.repaired
D.repairing
10.Wewilldoeverythingwecan____ourcity.
A.tosave
B.save
C.saving
D.saved
11.TheairqualityinBeijingaswellasintheneighboringcitiesweoncespentmuchtime____betterandbetter.
A.ingetting
B.havinggot
C.inisgetting
D.hasgot
12.Whodidtheteacher,aswellasthemonitor,____anarticleforthewallnewspaper
A.haswrite
B.haswritten
C.havewrite
D.havewritten
13.Whatdoyouconsider____toher
A.tohappen
B.happening
C.happened
D.happens
14.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto____someschoolsforpoorchildren.
A.setup
B.settingup
C.havesetup
D.havingsetup
15.Tohisjoy,thedayhelookedforwardto____atlast
A.coming
B.come
C.came
D.havecome
16.Howlongdoyouthinkitis____shearrivedhere
A.when
B.that
C.before
D.since1-5BCDAB
6-10BDBCA
11-16CCCBCD一、Languagepoints
1.
owesbsth=owesthtosb:欠某人某物
owesthtosb/sth:将…归功于…
owingto…:由于…
=thanksto/becauseof/dueto…2.
thinkhighly/poorly/little/alot+ofsb/sth
speakhighly/well/badly+ofsb/sth
singhighpraiseforsb/sth3.
apologizetosbfor(doing)sth
makeanapologytosbfor(doing)sth
excusesbfor(doing)sth
forgivesbfor(doing)sth
pardonsbfor(doing)sth4.
makeanimpressiononsb
haveanimpressionofsth
impresssthon/uponone’smind5.serveinthearmy
ontheoffice
servethepeople/thedish
servesbwithsth=servesthtosb
serveasthechairman6.makejokesabout:取笑,拿…开玩笑
=makeajokeabout
laughat:讪笑
haveajokewithsb:开某人的玩笑
playajokeonsb=playtricksonsb:戏弄
injoke:闹着玩,开玩笑
7.It’stime+forsth/todo
It’stime+Forsbtodosth
It’stime+That-clause〔一般过去时〕8.
theone/ones:替代同类事物中特指一个或一些
one:替代上文提到的同类名词中的一个,表泛指
it:指上文提到的同一个事物
that:替代上文出现的带定冠词的名词或不行数名词9.
none:用来答复howmany/howmuch引导的问句,常及of连用
noone:只能指人,用来答复who引导的问句
neither:两者都不,表单数
nothing:用于指物,用来答复what引导的问句10.
cloth
布(u.):apieceofcloth
表示某种特殊用处的布块〔桌布〕:Wipeupthewaterwithacloth.
clothes:衣服,服装。是一个没有单数形式的复数名词:
Asuitofclothes注:不能干脆用数词修饰,但可用many,few,his,my,thse之类的词修饰,作主语时谓语动词用复数。
clothing:服装,穿着。是一个无复数形式的物质名词,除衣服外,还包括幌子,手套,鞋袜之类的东西,作主语时谓语动词用单数。Apieceofclothing,anartcleofclothing
dress:指穿在外面的衣服,尤指在社交场合穿的礼服及妇女的连衣裙。
suit:成套的衣服。11.
live:活着,有生命的(作定语,主要用来指鸟或其他动物),实况直播的
lively:活泼的,有生气的,生动的
alive:活着的,还有气儿的,是表语形容词,在句中作表语或后置定语
living:活着,健在的,现行的12.
receive:收到,接到(客观动作);accept:承受,领受(主观意愿)
承受教化、惩处、支持,遭遇不幸,接待客人:只用receive
承受某条件、建议:只用accept13.turn+adj:常表示从某种状态向其他状态变更的自然现象
Theweatherhasturnedmuchcolder.
go+adj:常表示由好变坏的状况:Themilkwentwrong/bad.
become+adj:强调施动者的作用或变更的结果
Pleasedon’tgetangry.
come+adj:一般表示向好的方面变更。
Mydreamhascometrue.14.含有插入语的疑问句:
Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtohim
Howdoyousupposethefilmwillend
Whydoyoubelieveheisunfitfortheoffice15.主从复合句的反意疑问句:疑问部分根据主句确定,但是主句的主语是I/we,谓语是think/suppose/believe/hope/imagine/expect/guess/know/feel/besure/betold时,疑问部分根据从句确定,否认转移时,疑问部分用确定语气。
Shethinkitisagoodidea,doesn’tshe
Ithinkitisagoodidea,isn’tit
Idon’tthinkitisagoodidea,isit二、语法专题──代词的考点
1.不定代词:(1)all,any,none,both,either,neither;(2)another,other,theother,others,theothers;(3)复合不定代词:someone,anyone,everyone,noone;something,anything,everything,nothing.
2.it的用法:
(1)it作实意代词,代替日期、时间、季节、间隔;代替身份不明的人,心目中的人和事以及代替上文已提到的或下文将要提到的人、物或某种状况;代替指示代词this,that。
(2)it作引导词:作形式主语和形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词和从句;it用于强调句型。
3.替代词one,ones,theone,theones,that,those的用法。
4.人称代词在运用中要留意主格和宾格的区分,反身代词则要留意和主语一样。三、题型归纳──习语、搭配型单项填空
语言的习惯表达是语言在长期运用过程中的结果,不能随意变更。其表现形式主要在介词短语、名词短语及非谓语动词短语的习惯搭配等方面。习语、搭配型单项填空主要考察对英语习语及搭配的驾驭和运用,这就须要在平常多加留意和积累,切不行想当然。1.介词后的宾语:介词后面常接名词、代词、动名词作宾语,但是,在考试时要留意一些习惯用法。如:farfromsatisfied/over;takesthforgranted;inhospital及inthehospital;atsea及atthesea。.冠词的增删:固定搭配中名词前的冠词的有无都是习惯用法,假设去掉或增加,都会使其意思发生变更。如:inprison及intheprison;inbed及onthebed;inschool及intheschool;inpossessionof及inthepossessionof;inchargeof及inthechargeof;infrontof及inthefrontof。3.非谓语动词短语的考察重点:一是非谓语动词及逻辑主语的关系;二是非谓语动词及谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后关系;三是非谓语动词的习惯用法。另外,有些非谓语动词短语已经从非谓语动词短语中游离了出来,而成为表达某种意思的固定搭配。如:tobetrue;totellyouthetruth;tobeexact;judgingby/from;exactlyspeaking;franklyspeaking;comparedto/with等。4.动词的搭配。如:meantodosth/meandoingsth;forgettodosth/forgetdoingsth;beusedtodoingsth/usedtodosth;headfor/goto;lendto/borrowfrom;setabout/setout;writedown/takedown/putdown等。
5.动词短语。如:haveacold/catchcold;takeplace/takeone’splace等。
6.短语动词。如:runout/runoutof;stickto/keepon;bringin/bringon等。
7.形容词短语。如:bestrictwith/in;differentfrom/in;becarefulof/with等。
8.名词短语。如:thenumberof/anumberof;aknowledgeof等。1.Nomatterwhatyousee,don’ttakeitfor____,butuseyourheadtothinkitover.
A.grant
B.granting
C.granted
D.grantness
2.Whenwriting,heoftenkeepsadictionary____.
A.inhand
B.onhand
C.athand
D.handin
3.Hiswifeoftengoesto____onSundays.
A.church
B.achurch
C.thechurch
D.churching
4.Itisgoodforyouinyourfuturelife____English.
A.havegoodknowledgeof
B.tohavegoodknowledgeof
C.tohaveagoodknowledgeof
D.hasagoodknowledgeof
5.____whathesaid,hehasbeentoAustralia.
A.Judgeby
B.Judgedby
C.Judgingfrom
D.Tojudgefrom
6.Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothersandaskingfornothing____.
A.inreturn
B.incase
C.inaddition
D.inturn
7.Theyheldaceremony____thosekilledinthebattle.
A.insteadof
B.infavorof
C.bymeansof
D.inhonorof
8.Theman____theshopsaidwecouldhavetwodaysoff.
A.inchargeof
B.inthechargeof
C.takechargeof
D.takethechargeof
9.WhentheygottoAmerica,theynearly____money.
A.ranout
B.ranoutof
C.ranaway
D.ranawayfrom
10.WordcamethatBrown____therecordinyesterday’smatch.
A.made
B.stroke
C.beat
D.hit
11.Look,littleBettyisgivingatalktothechildrenandis____ateacher.
A.somebodyof
B.anybodylike
C.somethingof
D.likeanything
12.MrWangisveryold,butheworkslikeayoungman.Indeed,Ican’tadmirehim____.
A.verymuch
B.sowell
C.toomuch
D.quitewell1-6CCACCA
7-12DABCCC一、Languagepoints
1.prepare+sth
prepare+sthforsth
prepare+forsth
prepare+todosth
bepreparedfor
bepreparedtodosth
makepreparationsfor2.Theytiedforfirstplaceinthegame.
Wetiedwiththevisitingteaminthebasketballmatch.
Thedogistiedtoatree.3.
affectvt.影响
effectn.效果,作用
haveagood/badeffecton
ineffect事实上
causeandeffect因果
takeeffect生效,起作用
comeintoeffect生效,实行
effortn.努力
withouteffort毫不费劲
makeeveryeffort尽一切努力
sparenoeffort不遗余力3.weighvt.称…的重量
vi.重达…,重量为…
putonweight
loseweight
byweight
inmeters/pounds/calories
bytheday/theweek/theyard/thedozen/theton4.in…参与…竞赛
compete+with/against…及…竞赛/竞争
compete+for…角逐…,为获得…而竞赛5.Wherethereisariver,thereisacity.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
Wherethereislife,thereishope.6.dosth
wouldrather+notdosth
wouldrather+dosththandosth
=woulddosthratherthandosth
=prefertodosthratherthandosth
wouldrather+that-clause+did─表如今或将来
wouldrather+that-clause+haddone─表过去7.dodamagetosth
liveone’sdream
inruins/inpieces
underattack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatment8.almost:差距比nearly小。可及never,no,noone,none,
nobody,nothing,nowhere等否认词连用,但不能
及not连用。
nearly:不行及上述否认词连用,但可及not连用,构成
Not…nearly,意为“远非…,远不及…〞二、语法专题──形容词和副词的考点1.形容词和副词的辨析:一般无规律可循,只能在于平常时多积累。我们应留意这几点:(1)分清形容词和副词各自的语法功能,即形容词常用作定语,而副词常用作状语;(2)驾驭详细的形容词、副词的根本含义和语法功能。如therefore意为“所以〞,在句中起关联作用。(3)有些副词有两种形式,其中一种形式及形容词一样,另一种形式是在形容词后加-ly,意义不太一样,应加以辨别。常见的有:close接近──closely细致地,亲密地;high高──highly高度地;free免费──freely自由地,自如地;late晚,迟──lately近来;deep深──deeply深入地,深化地;near邻近──nearly几乎;
hard努力地──hardly几乎不;most最──mostly主要地;
wide宽敞──widely广泛地;easy镇静地──easily简洁地
(4)有些副词及形容词的词形完全一样。换言之,有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。常见的有:early,straight,slow,enough,fast,hard,long,firm等。2.形容词和副词的词序:
(1)enough用作形容词修饰名词时,可前可后;用作副词修饰形容词或副词时,只能位于之后。例:enoughtime/timeenough;strongenough。
(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置,somethingimportant。
(3)as,how,so,too修饰单数名词时,其词序为:as/how/so/too+adj.+a/an+n.,toolargearoom;howinterestingafilm;MikeisascleveraboyasTom。
(4)such修饰单数名词时,其词序为:such+a/an+adj.+n.,suchalargeroom;但名词前是one,some,many,all,no等修饰时,其词序为:one/some/many/all/no+such+adj.+n.。
(5)多个形容词作定语时的词序为:县官行令宴国才──限定词+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、上下等形容词+新旧+颜色+国家、地区+材料+用处+被修饰名词。限定词包括:前位限定词,如:倍数词、分数词及all,both,half,double等;中位限定词,如:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、全部格及some,any,no,every,each,either,neither,enough,much,whose等;后位限定词,如:基数词,序数词及little(表示少),few,last,next,other,another,more,less,most,several,least,plentyof等不定量代词;限定词的排列依次:前位+中位+后位+中心词。
(6)倍数的表示法:
AisntimesbiggerthanB.
Aisntimesasbigas
Aisntimesthesizeof
Johnhasfivetimesasmanybooksasmine.3.形容词和副词的比较等级:
(1)当A>B时,比较级+than
(2)当A>B,且B包含A时
Heisolderthananyoftheotherboys(=anyotherboy)inhisclass.
当A>B,但B不包含A时
Heisricherthananyofthepeoplehere.
I’mtallerthananystudentofyourclass.
(3)比较级+and+比较级:表示自身的变更
The+比较级,the+比较级:表示随之变更。
(4)“否认词+谓语+比较级〞相当于最高级
I’veneverseenanicerbirdthanthisone.
Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.
(5)常见的无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词有:cpmparative(ly),relative(ly),particular(ly),special(ly),excellent(ly),extreme(ly),perfect(ly),complete(ly)等。
(6)more+原级+than:及其说…不如说…。
(7)可以修饰比较级的副词有:any,even,far,much,rather,still,yet,abit,alittle,alot,byfar,但不行加very,many,more,fairly,quite(但quitebetter除外)。4.形容词和副词的成分区分:
(1)不能作定语的形容词(大多数以a开头):afraid,alike,alive,alone,ashamed,asleep,awake,ill,well,假设要作定语,则分别改用frightened,similar,living,lone,shy,sleeping,waking,sick,healthy;有时这些形容词也可以作定语,但一般作后置定语。
(2)作状语一般用副词,但有时形容词可作伴随状语。
Hehurriedhome,fulloffear./Allmenallcreatedequal.三、题型归纳──语境、语境+语法型单项填空
在题干上附加一些语言信息,将词法、句法等学问融入到语境之中,使试题语境化,其特点是:假如单独看空白和选项,各个选项都是正确的。然而,将题干和选项联络起来考虑,就只有一个最正确选项。常见的题型有:(1)对话语境;运用对话语境命题是高考的一种趋势,应当正确理解对话双方的语气、时态、语态,从而确定正确的选项;(2)句中的语境:有些试题选项中的一个或几个好像都适用这个问题,但是,根据句子的语境的意义,就可推断出只有一个是最正确答案;(3)动词的时态和语态,情态动词及语气,形容词和副词的级。1.----WhyTom,yourshirtissodirty
----Mom,I____mystoreroomdownstairs.
A.cleaned
B.havecleaned
C.wascleaning
D.havebeencleaning
2.----IthinkGorgedoesn’treallycareforTVplays.
----Right,____hestillwatchestheprogram.
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
3.Ifyoucan’tcometomorrow,we’ll____havetoholdthemeetingnextweek.
A.yet
B.even
C.rather
D.just
4.I’mgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____toyourbrotherthere
A.totake
B.tobetaken
C.taken
D.take
5.Wearesureeverythinghere____bythetimeyoucomebackfromabroadinafewyears.
A.hadchanged
B.willhavechanged
C.hadbeenchanged
D.willhavebeenchanged
6.Hello,you____323-65668.I’msorrybutI’munabletoansweryourcallrightnow.
A.reached
B.arereaching
C.havereached
D.hadreached
7.Themeetingisnotover,andyou____notleave.
A.will
B.shall
C.may
D.need
8.HadIlearntEnglishwell,I____theinterviewforthejobtomorrow.
A.wouldtake
B.wouldhavetakenC.shalltake
D.couldbetaken
9.Bobis____honestboy,andhewon’ttelllies.A.most
B.themost
C.amost
D.verymuch
10.Withthedoctor’streatment,Sallyfeels____betternow.
A.very
B.fairly
C.so
D.quite
11.Thoughtheshipsunk,allthepeopleonher____beresuced.
A.could
B.should
C.hadto
D.wereableto
12.Wewillallappreciate____youcancometojoinusindevelopingmyhometown.
A.thatif
B.itif
C.itthat
D.thatwhen
13.____hesaidtousyesterday____true
A.Whatcan,was
B.Thatcan,was
C.Canwhat,be
D.Canthat,be
14.HetoldmethathewouldrememberthedaysinBeijingUniversityforever____hegotmuchhelptherefromProfessorZhu.
A.where
B.which
C.that
D.when
15.____iswhathedid,notwhathesaid,thatmovedusgreatly.
A.It
B.This
C.Which
D.As1-5DBDBD
6-10BBACD
11-15DBCDA一、Languagepoints
1.
agree+sth:及…一样/符合
agree+sb:同意某人
agree+with
one’sidea/opinion
同意某人的意见
agree+whatsbsaid(观点,所说的话)
agree+toon’splan/arrangement/suggestion
[同意某人的方案、支配、意见]
agree+about/on/uponsth同意做某事
agree+todosth
agree+that-clause2.remindsbof/aboutsth
提示
remindsbtodosth
remindsbthat-clause
使人回忆起…3.
add…to…:把…加上(在)…
addto=increase:增加,增进
addup(to):加(起来是),总计达…4.
success
n.(U)胜利,(C)胜利者/事
succeed
v.
successful
a.
successfully
ad.
besuccessfulin(doing)sth
succeedindoingsth胜利做某事
havesuccessindoingsth
Sb/sthisasuccess.5.be/stay/keep+intouchwith表状态
beoutoftouchwith
getintouchwith
表动作
losetouchwith6.
incaseof+短语
incase+从句
innocase决不
inanycase无论如何
inthatcase假如那样7.expensive/cheap
valuable/valueless
priceless=veryexpensive:无价的8.respond(vi)+to…:对…回应
respond(vi)+with/by:以…(方式)答复,响应
resonse(n.)9.beharmfultosb/sth
dosb/sthharm
doharmtosb/sth
dosb/sthgood
dogoodtosb/sth10.dieout:(家族、物种等)死光,灭亡;
(风俗、做法、观念)消逝,过时;(火)熄灭
dieaway:(风、声音、光线等)渐渐停顿(消逝)
diedown:(指炉火等)渐熄;(指骚动等)渐平静;(指闹声)消逝
dieoff:先后死去了;…死去
dieof:死于内因(如疾病、老、饥饿、情感等)
diefrom:死于外因(如损伤、事故、天灾等)11.asa/theresultof:由于…
asaresult:结果,因此
resultfrom:因…而引起
resultin=cause:导致,致使…12.takemeasurestodosth:实行措施
makeclothestoone’sownmeasure:量体裁衣13.late:晚,迟,不久前
lately=recently:近来
last:最终,最终的
latest:最近的,最新的
later:后来;构造常为:一段时间+later:过了…之后14.adapttosth/sb:适应某物/某人
adaptsth/sbtosth/sb:使某物/某人适应某物/某人
adaptoneselfto:使自己适应某事
adaptfrom:根据…改写/改编
adapt:指修改或变更以适应新条件
Youshouldadaptyourselftthenewenvironment.adjust:是指“调整、调整〞使之适应
Youcan’tseethroughthetelescopeuntilitisadjustedtoyoureyesfit:多指“大小合适〞,引申为“吻合〞
Theshoesfittedmewell.suit:多指“符合要求、口味、性格、状况〞等
Nodishsuitsalltaste.match:指“大小、色彩、形态、性质等〞相配或相称
Aredjacketdoesn’tmatchgreentrousers.
adoptsb:收养
adoptsth:采纳15.devoteoneself/time/lifeto
lookforwardtodoingsth
be/getusedto
stickto/getdownto/objectto16.freeofcharge
forfree
befreefrom
setsb/sthfree17.byforce:靠武力,强行
beinforce:生效
come/gointoforce:生效
forceone’sway:强行前进或进入18.It’sone’sturntodosth:轮到某人干某事
takeone’sturn:依次,轮到某人
inturn:依次,轮番,反过来,转而
byturns:轮番,交替
taketurns(at)doingsth/todosth:轮番干某事二、语法专题──介词的考点
1.常用介词的意义区分
(1)表示时间
at+时间点:在…时刻,在…点钟,在…岁时
on+某天或某天的某个时间:在某日、星期几、某日早中晚等
in+时间段:在…期间,在…以后,在…时间内
by+时间:在…之前,不迟于…,常及完成时连用
(2)表示方位:in/on/to/off
(3)表示部位
on+thehead/shoulder/back/nose:表示拍打较硬或凸形的部位
in+theface/ear/stomach/eye::表示拍打较软或凹形的部位
by+thearm/hand/nose:表示牵、拉、抓某部位
(4)表示之间:between/among
(5)表示方式
by:乘…(交通工具),通过…(方法),常接无冠词名词或动名词
with:以…工具/手段,用身体某部位,常接带冠词的详细某工具
in:表示表达的方法、媒介、工具、材料等
through:通过…途径/方式/方法
(6)表示穿越
through:表示从物体里面穿过,还可表示沿着街道、河流走
across:表示从物体外表经过,还可表示横过街道河流
over:表示从物体上方越过,还可表示挎在肩上2.“介词+关系代词〞引导的定语从句3.with的复合构造4.含有介词的固定搭配
①有无冠词,意义不同
infrontof/inthefrontof
inchargeof/inthechargeof
outofquestion/outofthequestion
attable/atthetable
onearth/ontheearth②有无介词,意义不同
knowsb.相识某人/knowaboutsb.理解某人
shootsb.击中某人/shootatsb.向某人射击
searchsb.搜身/searchforsb.搜寻某人
believesb.信任某人的话/believeinsb.信任某人的人格
benefitsb.使某人受益/benefitfromsb.从某人那里得到好处③不要画蛇添足
serveforthepeople为人民效劳
enterintotheroom进入房间
followbehindme跟在我后面
atthemoment……就…
inthis/that/last/nextyear今/那/去/明
inone/any/each/every/some/allyear
一/任何一/每/每/某/全
marrywithsb.及某人结婚
gotoabroad出国
liveinupstairs住在楼上④不要张冠李戴
becaughtintherain被雨淋着〔不用by〕
leaveforsomeplace动身去某地〔不用to〕
setanexampletosb为某人树立典范〔不用for〕
inthedirection朝着…方向〔不用to〕
doafavorforsb帮某人一个忙〔不用to〕
differentfrom和…不同〔不用with〕
withthehelpof在…的扶植下〔不用under〕
stealsthfromsb偷某人的东西〔不用of〕⑤别丢三落四
dropinonsb探望某人〔别丢了on〕
dropinatsomeplace参观某地〔别丢了at〕
lookdownupon瞧不起〔别丢了upon〕
thinkof…as认为…是〔别丢了of〕
lookon…as认为…是〔别丢了on〕
rxplaintosbsth向某人说明某事〔别丢了to〕
frombehindthedoor从门后面〔别丢了behind〕
beworthlisteningto值得一听〔别丢了to〕三、题型归纳──逻辑型单项填空
这类题型主要从句子的形式、句子的意义来考察对英语句子的把握和理解状况,详细表如今主谓一样、意义一样、人称一样、非谓语动词及介词的逻辑主语一样等方面。1.QiongYaowithherworks____verypopularwithusyoungpeople.
A.be
B.are
C.were
D.become
2.WhatIlikebest,totellyouthetruth,____,inmyopinion,thebooksmybrotherboughtmeasmybirthdaypresentlastweek.
A.are
B.is
C.have
D.existed
3.Theteachertoldusthatpractice____perfect.
A.make
B.makes
C.made
D.making
4.Hurryup,ifyou____therewithus.
A.go
B.willgo
C.wouldgo
D.couldgo
5.Attheageofseven,____.
A.hisfatherdied
B.helosthisfather
C.hisdogfollowedhim
D.hisparentsdivorced
6.____,hismothersawhimplayinggameswithotherchildren.
A.Onhiswayhome
B.Fromhisroom
C.Fromheroffice
D.Underhisnose
7.Shehaslongbeenexpectingachancetostudyabroadandatlastshegot__
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