北京市昌平区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题

昌平区2023—2024学年第一学期高一年级期末质量抽测英语试卷2024.1本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In2022,my4yearoldson,Tyler,neededtohaveaserioussurgery(手术).MywifeandItookhimtoChildren’sHospital.Therewerealotofworriesinourheartsinthewaitingroom.Whenanursecalledustothedoctor’soffice,our___1___onlygrew.Ayoungdoctortoldusthathewouldperformthesurgeryandbeganto___2___whattheprocess(过程)wouldbeandalltherisksofasurgerylikethis.Mymindwenttothe___3___possibleresult.Ijustcouldn’thelpbutfeellike:WhatwasIgoingtodoifI___4___myson?Buthethendidsomethingthatwasvery___5___.Helookedusbothintheeye,putahandoneachoneofourshouldersandsaid,“Yoursonismyson.”Iwillnever___6___thatbecausethatsentacalmthroughme.Whathesaidwasveryhelpfulandmeaningful.Afterthesurgery,he___7___tous,lookedusonceagainintheeyeandsaid,“Oursonisjustfine,andyoucouldseehimhereinafewminutes.”Ican’ttellyouhow___8___webothwereforhavinghimthereandforwhathesaidtous.I’llneverforgetthatdoctor.Andtothisday,anytimeIhaveachancetovolunteerordonatetoChildren’sHospital,I’llmakesureI’moneofthefirstonesinline.IhopethatIhavethe___9___ofseeinghimagainsomedaytothankhimforhis____10____words.1.A.fear B.shame C.pity D.pride2.A.imagine B.realize C.explain D.challenge3.A.fastest B.latest C.lowest D.worst4.A.trusted B.lost C.scared D.missed5.A.secret B.unexpected C.strange D.creative6.A.accept B.believe C.doubt D.forget7.A.lookedup B.walkedup C.openedup D.droveup8.A.sorry B.angry C.thankful D.regretful9.A.task B.choice C.sign D.chance10.A.kind B.sharp C.boring D.simple【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B5.B6.D7.B8.C9.D10.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者四岁儿子需要做一次严重的手术，在他和妻子感到紧张和不安的时候，医生说会把他们的儿子当做自己的儿子，这安慰到了他们，缓解了当时紧张的情绪，作者十分感激这位医生。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当护士叫我们去医生办公室时，我们的恐惧只增不减。A.fear恐惧；B.shame羞愧；C.pity遗憾；D.pride骄傲。上文“Therewerealotofworriesinourheartsinthewaitingroom.”指出在候诊室里，我们心里充满了恐惧，所以当护士将我们叫到办公室时，应该是更加恐惧。故选A。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的医生告诉我们他将进行手术，并开始解释手术过程以及此类手术的所有风险。A.imagine想象；B.realize意识到；C.explain解释；D.challenge挑战。由上文“Ayoungdoctortoldusthathewouldperformthesurgeryandbeganto”和下文“whattheprocess(过程)wouldbeandalltherisksofasurgerylikethis”可知，医生将要给作者儿子作手术，所以会解释手术过程自己存在的风险，故选C。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始想到了最坏的结果。A.fastest最快的；B.latest最新的；C.lowest最低的；D.worst最坏的。由下文“Ijustcouldn’thelpbutfeellike:WhatwasIgoingtodoifI____4____myson?”和上文提到作者一直很担心害怕可知，当医生向作者解释手术过程存在的风险时，作者由于害怕，想到了最坏的结果，故选D。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是忍不住想：如果我失去了儿子我该怎么办？A.trusted信任；B.lost失去；C.scared害怕；D.missed错过。由下文“Helookedusbothintheeye,putahandoneachoneofourshouldersandsaid,“Yoursonismyson.””可知，医生安慰作者夫妇，这说明作者夫妇很担忧，即作者忍不住会想手术如果失败，作者会失去自己的儿子这样的事，故选B。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但随后他做了一件非常出人意料的事。A.secret秘密的；B.unexpected出乎意料的；C.strange奇怪的；D.creative有创造力的。根据下文“Yoursonismyson.”可知，医生说的话让作者和妻子感到出乎意料。故选B。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记那件事，因为那让我平静下来。A.accept接受；B.believe相信；C.doubt怀疑；D.forget忘记。根据下文“thatbecausethatsentacalmthroughme.Whathesaidwasveryhelpfulandmeaningful.”可知，医生说的话让作者平静下来，缓解了焦虑，所以作者永远不会忘记医生说的话。故选D。【7题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：手术结束后，他走到我们面前，再次看着我们的眼睛说：“我们的儿子很好，几分钟后你们就可以在这里见到他了。”A.lookedup检查；B.walkedup走过来；C.openedup打开；D.droveup开过来。由下文“tous,lookedusonceagainintheeyeandsaid,“Oursonisjustfine,andyoucouldseehimhereinafewminutes.””可知，医生走过来和作者夫妇说话，告诉他们手术很成功，故选B。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我无法告诉你我们是多么感激他的到来以及他对我们所说的话。A.sorry抱歉的；B.angry生气的；C.thankful感激的；D.regretful后悔的。由下文“I’llneverforgetthatdoctor.”和上文提到医生安慰作者夫妇，说出“你的孩子也是我的孩子”，这让作者夫妇平静下来可知，作者很感激医生，故选C。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望有一天能有机会再次见到他，感谢他的善意之言。A.task任务；B.choice选择；C.sign迹象；D.chance机会。由下文“ofseeinghimagainsomedaytothankhim”可知，作者希望能有一天有机会再次见到这位医生，故选D。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望有一天能有机会再次见到他，感谢他的善意之言。A.kind善良的；B.sharp尖锐的；C.boring无聊的；D.simple简单的。由上文“Helookedusbothintheeye,putahandoneachoneofourshouldersandsaid,“Yoursonismyson.””可知，医生对作者夫妇说了善意之言，故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A语法填空TheHangzhouAsianGamesisasignificantsportingevent.Itwasheldin2023inHangzhouChina.It____11____(bring)togethertopathletesfromvariousAsian____12____(country)andregionstopeteinawiderangeofsports,showingtheexcellenceanddiversityofAsiansports.Thedesignofthetorch(火炬)____13____(inspire)bytheLiangzhuCulture.ItpresentstotheworldtheuniquecreativityofChinesedesign.【答案】11.brought12.countries13wasinspired【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杭州亚运会作为一项重要的体育赛事，汇集了来自亚洲各国和地区的顶级运动员，展现了亚洲体育的卓越与多样性。此外，文章还提到了火炬的设计灵感来源于良渚文化，展现了中国设计的独特创造力。【11题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：它汇集了来自亚洲各个国家和地区的顶尖运动员，在广泛的体育项目上竞争，展示了亚洲体育的卓越和多样性。分析句子可知，bringtogether(汇集)是句中谓语，与主语It之间是主动关系，讲述2023的杭州亚运会的事情，用一般过去时态。故填brought。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：它汇集了来自亚洲各个国家和地区的顶尖运动员，在广泛的体育项目上竞争，展示了亚洲体育的卓越和多样性。提示词country作宾语，是可数名词，有形容词various(各种的)修饰，用复数形式。故填countries。【13题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：火炬的设计灵感来自良渚文化。分析句子可知，inspire(赋予灵感)是句中谓语动词，与主语Thedesign之间是被动关系，根据上文可知，文中讲述2023年杭州亚运会的事情，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填wasinspired。B语法填空PapercuttingisoneofthemostpopularChinesetraditions.Wecanseepapercuttingworks____14____walls,windows,doors,mirrorsandsoon.Itispopularbecauseitischeapandeasy____15____(make).Papercuttingworksareusuallymadeofredpaper.RedisthemostpopularcolorinChineseculture.____16____weneedissimplyapieceofpaperandaknifeorapairofscissors.____17____tobegoodatthisartisnoteasyatallbecauseitneedsmuchpracticeandimagination.【答案】14.on15.tomake16.What17.But【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剪纸这个传统艺术。【14题详解】考查介词。句意：我们可以看到剪纸作品在墙上，窗户，门，镜子等。结合句意和空后的walls可知，本空用介词on，意为“在……上”。故填on。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它很受欢迎，因为它便宜而且容易制作。because引导的原因状语从句的系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，故用make“制作”的不定式形式。beeasytodosth.“容易做到，容易做”。故填tomake。【16题详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们所需要的只是一张纸和一把刀或一把剪刀。分析句子结构可知，本空引导主语从句，从句中缺少need的宾语，指物，应用what引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。【17题详解】考查连词。句意：但要擅长这门艺术并不容易，因为它需要大量的实践和想象力。前后句意存在转折关系，应用连词But“但是”表转折，位于句首，首字母大写。故填But。C语法填空Everydaymostofuscanorderandbuyallsortsofitemsonline,thankstoemerceplatformssuchasTaobao,JDandPinduoduo.Thenumberofpeople____18____aretakingadvantageofthisquiteconvenientformofshoppingisgreat.Everythingweorder____19____(e)toourdoor,includingtastyfood____20____ispackagedasfreshasitwouldbeinthemarket.【答案】18.who##that19.es20.which##that【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网上购物的便捷。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：利用这种相当方便的购物方式的人很多。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。【19题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我们点的所有东西都送到我们家门口，包括包装得和市场上一样新鲜的美味食物。e“来”。分析句子结构可知，本空为主句谓语，结合语境可知，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语Everything为第三人称单数形式，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填es。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们点的所有东西都送到我们家门口，包括包装得和市场上一样新鲜的美味食物。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是food，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheendoftheschoolyearisoftenwhenwecelebratestudentgrowth.Iknowhowimportantitisforstudentstolookbackateverythingthey’veachieved.Studentsdon’talwaysrememberhowfarthey’veeovertheyear.Whenwepraisestudentsfortheirgrowth,wehelpthemrememberorseeitthemselves.Thiscanhelpinspirethemtocontinuelearning.That’swhyI’vewrittenthislettertomyfifthgradestudents.DearStudents,Ican’tbelieveit,butwe’reingtotheendofourschoolyear.Let’slookbackatallyou’vedonethisyear.Isawyoulearntosetgoals,focusonlearning,andfindwaystodealwithstress.Isawyourconfidencesoarthroughouttheyear.Isawyouexploreyourinterestsandyoutaughtmeabouttheproblemsyoucaredeeplyabout.Ifeelgoodknowingtheworldisinyourhands!Asyoulookbackatalloftheseachievements,hereareafewthingsIhopeyouremembernextschoolyear.•Lifelonglearnersaskquestions.You’velearnedhowtoaskthisyear,sokeepasking!•Staycurious.Youaresomuchmorethanwhatcaneverbeshownwithatestscoreoragrade.•Don’tbeafraidtomakemistakes.Usemistakesaschancestolearnandgrow.•Continuetogetalongwellwithyourfriendsandteachers.IcantellyouhowluckyIwastobeyourteacher.Yours,LilyIencourageyoutowriteyourownlettertoyourstudents.Personalizeitforeachstudentbyaddingastickynoteorahandwrittenmessagetopointoutspecificgrowthareas.21.Theauthorwrotethelettertostudentsbecause________.A.itisaschooltradition B.shehasmuchtotellthemC.theyrememberhowfarthey’vee D.itcanencouragethemtokeeplearning22.Whatdoestheteacherhopestudentsremember?A.Tosetgoals. B.Tostaycurious. C.Todealwithstress. D.Tobuildupconfidence.23.Thepassageisintendedfor________.A.Teachers B.Parents C.Teenagers D.Schoolleaders【答案】21.D22.B23.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了作为老师，作者给学生写信的原因，以及介绍了书信内容，同时作者鼓励老师要给学生写信。21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thiscanhelpinspirethemtocontinuelearning.That’swhyI’vewrittenthislettertomyfifthgradestudents.(这可以帮助激励他们继续学习。这就是我给五年级学生写这封信的原因)”可知，作者给学生写这封信是因为它可以鼓励他们继续学习，故选D。22题详解】细节理解题。根据表格内倒数第四段“•Staycurious.(保持好奇心。)”可知，老师希望学生记住的是要保持好奇心，故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Iencourageyoutowriteyourownlettertoyourstudents.(我鼓励你给你的学生写一封信)”可推知，这篇文章是写给老师的，故选A。BAsalittleboy,thefirsttimeIsteppedintotheTaekwondodojang(跆拳道道场),IknewthatIhaddiscoveredmyinterest.Thephysicaltraining,mentalfocus,andspiritualdevelopmentofTaekwondodrewmein,andIstartedajourneythatwouldchangemylife.MyjourneybeganasaWhiteBeltfilledwithexcitement.Iwasintroducedtothebasicskills,forms,andprinciplesofTaekwondo.Witheachbeltpromotion(晋级),Ifacednewchallenges.Thetrainingpushedmetotestmylimitsanddevelopmentalstrength.Selfcontrolbecamethemostimportantpartofmytraining.Earlymorningsandlatenightswerespentimprovingskills,perfectingforms,andpushingmyselftotheedgeoftiredness.Taekwondotaughtmevaluablelessons,notjustonthetrainingfloorbutalsoinotherareasofmylife.ThepathtotheBlackBeltwasnotwithoutchallenges.Iexperiencedmomentsoffrustration(挫折)andwantedtogiveup.However,itwasduringthesechallengingtimesthatIdiscoveredthepowerofdetermination(决心).Withthesupportofmyteachersandfriends,Ifoundthestrengthtopushthroughthehardtimes.Eachchallengebecameanopportunityforgrowth.DealingwiththesechallengesstrengthenedmydesiretobeeaBlackBeltandinspiredmetokeeppushingforward.Beyondthephysicalandmentalaspects,thearthastaughtmetotreatotherswithkindness.Ithasallowedmetofacelife’schallengeswithacalmandfocusedmind.Taekwondohasalsotaughtmetheimportanceofleadership,asInowhavetheopportunitytoguideandinspirejuniorstudentsontheirownjourneys.Finally,afteryearsoftrainingandpersonalgrowth,IstandbeforeyouasaBlackBelt.Ihavegrownbothphysicallyandmentally,gainingvaluablelifeskillsalongtheway.AsIcontinuemyjourney,Ilookforwardtomeetingnewchallengesandinspiringothers.24.WhatdrewtheauthorinTaekwondo?A.Thesupportofteachers. B.TheinterestinTaekwondo.C.Thehopetochangehislife. D.Thedecisiontostartajourney.25.Whatisthemostimportantduringtheauthor’straining?A.Selfcontrol. B.Leadership. C.Acalmmind. D.Determination.26.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.Heneverthoughtofgivingup. B.Hisfriendspushedhimforward.C.Heisreadyfornewchallengesinlife. D.Histrainingwasrelaxingandmeaningful.27.Theauthorwrotethispassageto________.A.describethetrainingprocess B.expressthankfulnesstoteachersC.inspireotherswithpersonalgrowth D.showtheimportanceoffriendship【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者的跆拳道之路。【24题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段“Asalittleboy,thefirsttimeIsteppedintotheTaekwondodojang,IknewthatIhaddiscoveredmyinterest.Thephysicaltraining,mentalfocus,andspiritualdevelopmentofTaekwondodrewmein,andIstartedajourneythatwouldchangemylife.(当我还是个小男孩的时候，第一次踏入跆拳道道场，我就知道我发现了自己的兴趣所在。跆拳道的体能训练、精神集中和精神发展吸引了我，我开始了一段改变我一生的旅程。)”可知，作者对跆拳道的兴趣导致作者学习跆拳道。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Selfcontrolbecamethemostimportantpartofmytraining.(自我控制成为我训练中最重要的部分。)”可知，自我控制是作者训练中最重要的部分。故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Finally,afteryearsoftrainingandpersonalgrowth,IstandbeforeyouasaBlackBelt.Ihavegrownbothphysicallyandmentally,gainingvaluablelifeskillsalongtheway.AsIcontinuemyjourney,Ilookforwardtomeetingnewchallengesandinspiringothers.(最后，经过多年的训练和个人成长，我以黑带的身份站在你们面前。我的身心都得到了成长，并在此过程中获得了宝贵的生活技能。在我的旅程中，我期待着迎接新的挑战并激励他人。)”可知，作者已准备好迎接生活中的新挑战。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Finally,afteryearsoftrainingandpersonalgrowth,IstandbeforeyouasaBlackBelt.Ihavegrownbothphysicallyandmentally,gainingvaluablelifeskillsalongtheway.AsIcontinuemyjourney,Ilookforwardtomeetingnewchallengesandinspiringothers.(最后，经过多年的训练和个人成长，我以黑带的身份站在你们面前。我的身心都得到了成长，并在此过程中获得了宝贵的生活技能。在我的旅程中，我期待着迎接新的挑战并激励他人。)”可知，作者写这段话是为了用个人成长激励他人。故选C。CGettingolderofteninvolvesaseriesofchallenges,suchascognitive(认知的)decline,latelifedepressionandsocialisolation.Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbeeimportanttofindwaystopromotesuccessfulagingtopreventandlimitcognitiveandemotionaldisorders.Musicisapromisingtoolforimprovingcognitionandpromotingwellbeing.Cognitivereserve(储备)isthemind’spowertostopagerelatedbraindamage.Researchhasshownthatstimulating(令人兴奋的)lifeexperiencesarelinkedwithhigherpowertopreventagerelatedbraindiseases.Musicisknowntobecognitivelystimulatinganditcouldcontributetobuildingsuchreservethroughoutthelifecourse.Musicmakesuniquedemandsonournervoussystem,likecognitivecontrol.Forexample,lifelongmusicalexpertknowledgeandskillsseemtoreducecognitivedecline.However,itisnotnecessarytobeaprofessionalmusiciantobenefitfrommusicaltraining.Researchshowsthatevenshorttermmusicaltrainingstrengthenscognitionintheelderly.Thebrainisbuilttochangeoverourlifetime,whichcanbeshapedbyexperience.Importantly,thishappensovertimeandinresponsetoaspecificnewskill.Researchstudieshaveidentifiedstructuralandfunctionaldifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmusiciansandnonmusicians,especiallyinregionsrelatedtomotorcontrolandauditoryprocessing.Evidenceshowsthatevenshorttermmusicalinterventions(干预)canpromotebrainplasticityandincreasegreymattervolume.Evenpassivemusiclisteningcanresultinimprovedcognitiveabilities.Musiccanopenforgottendoorstoourmemories—suchasweddings,schooldances,andparties—withlittlecognitiveeffort.Musichelpstorecallallthememoriesthatyouhaveconnectedwithasong.The“reminiscencebump”isusedtodescribeenhancedmemoryforeventsthatoccurduringadolescence(青春期)andearlyadulthoodthatareoftensharp.Asongbeesasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasduringasummerhangingoutwithaspecificgroupoffriends.Musichasagreatpowertobringstrongemotionsandintensepleasureintoyourmind,thuschangingmood.Musiccanbeusedasanaidforescapingfromeverydaylifethroughimaginationofyourownmemories.Moreover,musicalactivitiesofteninvolvesocialfunctionspromotingsocialcontact,cooperation,andasenseofbelongingwithothers.Insum,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstagingrelatedemotionalandcognitivedisorders.Musicisalsoconsideredasasocialactivity,accessibletoanyoneregardlessofbackground.So,thisinterventionshouldbeeamajorpolicypriorityforhealthyaging.28.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutmusic?A.Theeffectofmusiconmusicians. B.Thebenefitofmusicforcognition.C.Thepowerofmusicoverloneliness. D.Thedemandofmusiconnervoussystem.29.Theauthoruses“reminiscencebump”inParagraph4to________.A.introduceatopic B.provideanopinionC.parewithmusic D.explainanargument30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Shorttermmusicaltrainingdoesn’twork.B.Thebraincan’tbeinfluencedbyexperience.C.Musiccanbeusedtolimitemotionaldisorders.D.Musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging.【答案】28.B29.D30.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了音乐如何成为一种有效的工具，用于预防和减缓与衰老相关的认知和情感障碍。文章指出，音乐具有刺激认知、促进情感健康、增强社交联系的作用。同时，它强调了音乐对大脑塑造和促进脑可塑性的重要性，无论是长期的音乐训练还是短期的干预都可以带来益处。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Cognitivereserve(储备)isthemind’spowertostopagerelatedbraindamage.Researchhasshownthatstimulating(令人兴奋的)lifeexperiencesarelinkedwithhigherpowertopreventagerelatedbraindiseases.Musicisknowntobecognitivelystimulatinganditcouldcontributetobuildingsuchreservethroughoutthelifecourse.Musicmakesuniquedemandsonournervoussystem,likecognitivecontrol.Forexample,lifelongmusicalexpertknowledgeandskillsseemtoreducecognitivedecline.However,itisnotnecessarytobeaprofessionalmusiciantobenefitfrommusicaltraining.Researchshowsthatevenshorttermmusicaltrainingstrengthenscognitionintheelderly.(认知储备是大脑阻止与年龄相关的脑损伤的能力。研究表明，刺激的生活经历与预防与年龄有关的脑部疾病的能力有关。众所周知，音乐具有认知刺激作用，有助于在整个生命过程中建立这种储备。音乐对我们的神经系统提出了独特的要求，比如认知控制。例如，终身的音乐专业知识和技能似乎可以减少认知能力的下降。然而，从音乐训练中获益并不一定要成为一名专业音乐家。研究表明，即使是短期的音乐训练也能增强老年人的认知能力)”可知，第二段主要介绍了音乐具有认知刺激作用，终身的音乐专业知识和技能似乎可以减少认知能力的下降，即使是短期的音乐训练也能增强老年人的认知能力。所以本段主要告诉我们音乐对认知的好处。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。第四段中上文“Musiccanopenforgottendoorstoourmemories—suchasweddings,schooldances,andparties—withlittlecognitiveeffort.Musichelpstorecallallthememoriesthatyouhaveconnectedwithasong.(几乎不需要认知上的努力，音乐就可以打开我们遗忘的记忆之门，比如婚礼、学校舞会和派对。音乐可以帮助你回忆起与一首歌有关的所有记忆)”提出“音乐可以很容易地帮助我们回忆起过往记忆”。而下文“The“reminiscencebump”isusedtodescribeenhancedmemoryforeventsthatoccurduringadolescence(青春期)andearlyadulthoodthatareoftensharp.Asongbeesasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasduringasummerhangingoutwithaspecificgroupoffriends.(“回忆凸起”被用来描述对发生在青春期和成年早期的事件的记忆增强，这些事件通常是剧烈的。一首歌会成为某个特定时刻的配乐，比如在夏天和一群特定的朋友出去玩的时候)”提出“回忆凸起”这一概念来对其作出解释，说明音乐会成为某个特定时刻的配乐，有助于唤醒“回忆凸起”。所以作者在第四段中使用了“回忆凸起”来解释其观点。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Gettingolderofteninvolvesaseriesofchallenges,suchascognitive(认知的)decline,latelifedepressionandsocialisolation.Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbeeimportanttofindwaystopromotesuccessfulagingtopreventandlimitcognitiveandemotionaldisorders.(变老通常会带来一系列挑战，比如认知能力下降、晚年抑郁和社会孤立。在一个快速老龄化的社会中，找到促进成功老龄化以预防和限制认知和情感障碍的方法变得非常重要)”和最后一段中“Insum,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstagingrelatedemotionalandcognitivedisorders.(总之，音乐是对抗与衰老相关的情绪和认知障碍的有力工具)”可推知，音乐可以用来对抗与衰老相关的情绪和限制情感障碍。故选C项。DWheneveranyoneasksmewhattechI’dliketoseeinvented,Ialwayssaytheuniversaltranslator,whichletsyouunderstandandspeakanylanguage.MetaAIrecentlyannouncedthestartoftheuniversalspeechtranslator(UST)project,whichaimstocreateAIsystemsthatenablerealtimespeechtospeechtranslationacrossalllanguages,eventhosethatarespokenbutnotmonlywritten.Metasaysthattoday’sAItranslationmodelsarefocusedonwidelyusedwrittenlanguages,andthatmorethan40%ofprimarilyspokenlanguagesarenotcoveredbysuchtranslationtechnologies.AccordingtoMeta,themodelisthefirstAIpoweredspeechtranslationsystemfortheunwrittenlanguageHokkien(闽南语),aChineselanguagespokeninsoutheasternChina.ThesystemallowsHokkienspeakerstoholdconversationswithEnglishspeakers,asignificantsteptowardbringingpeopletogetherwherevertheyarelocated.TobuildUST,MetaAIfocusedonoveringthreeimportanttranslationsystemchallenges.Itaddresseddatascarcitybygettingmoretrainingdatainmorelanguagesandfindingnewwaystousethedataithadfound.Itsolvedthemodelingproblemsthatariseasmodelsgrowtoservemanymorelanguages.Anditsoughtnewwaystoimproveonitsresults.MetaAIclaimsthatthetechniquesitpioneeredwithHokkiencanbeextendedtomanyotherunwrittenlanguages—andeventuallyworkinrealtime.Forthispurpose,MetahasreleasedtheSpeechMatrix,alargecollectionofspeechtospeechtranslations,whichenablesotherresearchteamstocreatetranslationmodelsforotherlanguages.Artificial(人工的)speechtranslationcouldplayasignificantroleinourworld.Forinteractions,itwillenablepeoplefromaroundtheworldtomunicatewitheachothermoresmoothly,makingthesocialnetmoreinterconnected.Forcontent,usingartificialspeechtranslationallowsyoutoeasilylocalizecontent.YasharBehzadi,CEOandfounderofSynthesisAI,believesthattechnologyneedstoenablemorenaturalexperiencesifthedigitalworldistosucceed.HesaysthatoneofthecurrentchallengesforUSTmodelsistheputationallyexpensivetrainingthat’sneededbecauseofthewiderangeandveryslightdifferencesinmeaningorsoundoflanguages.Also,totrainstrongAImodelsrequiresvastamountsoftypicaldata.AsignificantbottlenecktobuildingtheseAImodelsinthenearfuturewillbetoensuretrainingdatacollecttheprivacyinagreementwithrulesandlaw.31.WhatisthefeatureoftheUSTproject?A.Itchangesspokenlanguagestowrittenforms.B.Itattractswiderattentiontowrittenlanguagesintranslation.C.Itadds40%ofspokenlanguagesintotranslationtechnology.D.Itenablesrealtimespeechtospeechtranslationacrossalllanguages.32.Whatdoestheword“scarcity”underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Lack. B.Mistake. C.Recovery. D.Management.33.WhatdoweknowaboutUST?A.Itisexpensivetocollecttypicaldata.B.Itincreasestheuseofacertainlanguage.C.ItstechniquesarefinallydevelopedforHokkien.D.Ithelpsinspireinteractionsandcontentlocalization.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AITranslation:MakeTranslationFasterB.AITranslation:MeetYouinAllLanguagesC.UnwrittenLanguage:BringPeopleTogetherD.UnwrittenLanguage:TranslationChallenge【答案】31.D32.A33.D34.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了MetaAI最近宣布启动通用语音翻译器项目，该项目旨在创建能够跨所有语言进行实时语音到语音翻译的人工智能系统。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“MetaAIrecentlyannouncedthestartoftheuniversalspeechtranslator(UST)project,whichaimstocreateAIsystemsthatenablerealtimespeechtospeechtranslationacrossalllanguages,eventhosethatarespokenbutnotmonlywritten.(MetaAI最近宣布启动通用语音翻译器(UST)项目，该项目旨在创建能够在所有语言内进行实时语音到语音翻译的人工智能系统，甚至是那些口语但不常用的书面语言。)”可知，UST项目支持所有语言的实时语音到语音翻译，故选D。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“bygettingmoretrainingdatainmorelanguagesandfindingnewwaystousethedataithadfound.(通过用更多的语言获取更多的训练数据并找到使用所发现数据的新方法。)”可知，用更多的语言获取更多的训练数据是为了解决数据不足的问题，由此可知，划线单词“scarcity”意为“缺少”，与A项“Lack(缺少)”意思一样，故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中“Artificial(人工的)speechtranslationcouldplayasignificantroleinourworld.Forinteractions,itwillenablepeoplefromaroundtheworldtomunicatewitheachothermoresmoothly,makingthesocialnetmoreinterconnected.Forcontent,usingartificialspeechtranslationallowsyoutoeasilylocalizecontent.(人工语音翻译可以在我们的世界中发挥重要作用。在交互方面，它将让世界各地的人们能够更加顺畅地交流，让社交网络更加互联。对于内容，使用人工语音翻译可以让您轻松本地化内容。)”可推知，UST有助于激发互动和内容本地化，故选D。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“MetaAIrecentlyannouncedthestartoftheuniversalspeechtranslator(UST)project,whichaimstocreateAIsystemsthatenablerealtimespeechtospeechtranslationacrossalllanguages,eventhosethatarespokenbutnotmonlywritten.(MetaAI最近宣布启动通用语音翻译器(UST)项目，该项目旨在创建能够跨所有语言进行实时语音到语音翻译的人工智能系统，甚至是那些口语但不常见的书面语言)”和第三段中“ThesystemallowsHokkienspeakerstoholdconversationswithEnglishspeakers,asignificantsteptowardbringingpeopletogetherwherevertheyarelocated.(该系统允许说闽南语的人与说英语的人进行对话，这是让人们无论身在何处都能聚集在一起的重要一步。)”可知，文章主要介绍了MetaAI最近宣布启动通用语音翻译器项目，该项目旨在创建能够跨所有语言进行实时语音到语音翻译的人工智能系统，这可以将人们聚集在一起，C项“非书面语言：将人们聚集在一起”适合作文章标题，故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Overthepastcentury,theaveragelifespan(平均寿命)indevelopedcountrieshasincreasedby30years,fromroughlyage50to80.____35____Buttheyhavealsocreatedanewandimportantgap:Healthspan(健康寿命),usuallyexplainedastheperiodoflifefreeofdiseaseordisability,doesnotalwaysmatchlongerlife.Whilelifespaniscertainlyanimportantmeasureofhealthandwellbeing,itisnottheonlyone.____36____Thatisbecauseitemphasizestheimportanceofnotonlylivingalonglifebutalsolivingahealthyandproductivelife.ByastudybasedontheWorldHealthOrganization,anAmericanwhoexpectstoliveto79mightfirstfaceseriousdiseaseat63.____37____Indeed,agingisthebiggestriskforcancerandheartdisease.Duringthepast10years,medicinehasstartedtotakeadifferentwaybasedonthebiologyofaging.Thefocusshouldbeonalongerhealthyliferatherthanjustlengthoflife,andslowingagingisthetooltodoit.Lengtheninghealthspanstartswiththinkingaboutagingwelloverall,meaningputtingphysicalhealth,mentalhealth,anddailylifestyleallinone.____38____Itcanreducestressandtheriskofchronichealthconditions.Fornow,therearesomefamiliarstepstoextendhealthspan:monsensenutrition,sleep,exerciseandsocialconnectionarethefourmainfactors.____39____Forexample,regularexercisehelpstopreventmanydiseases.A.Somediseaseislesslinkedwithlifestylehabits.B.Italsomeanstakingwaystofeeljoyandconnection.C.Itisimportanttorememberthatagingisanaturalprocess.D.Longerlifespansoverallhavebeenapublichealthsuccess.E.Thatcouldmeanhewillliveinsicknessforatleast15years.F.Healthspanisincreasinglybeingknownasanimportantidea.G.Thereasonthosethingsworkisthattheyimprovethebiologyofaging.【答案】35.D36.F37.E38.B39.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要健康寿命的含义，重要性以及影响因素。【35题详解】上文“Overthepastcentury,theaveragelifespan(平均寿命)indevelopedcountrieshasincreasedby30years,fromroughlyage50to80.(过去一个世纪，发达国家的平均寿命增加30岁，从大约50岁增加到80岁)”指出发达国家的平均寿命增加30岁，下文“Buttheyhavealsocreatedanewandimportantgap:Healthspan(健康寿命)(但他们也创造了一个新的重要差距：健康寿命)”和上文是转折关系，引出健康寿命这一话题，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，D项“总体而言，更长的寿命是公共卫生领域的一项成功”符合语境，对上文进行总结，同时和下文是转折关系，故选D。【36题详解】上文“Whilelifespaniscertainlyanimportantmeasureofhealthandwellbeing,itisnottheonlyone.(虽然寿命确实是衡量健康和福祉的一个重要指标，但它并不是唯一的指标)”指出寿命并不是衡量健康和福祉的唯一指标，空处