高中英语必修二Unit知识点讲解及答案

必修二第四单元Ⅰ.词汇短语过关1．respondvi.答复，答复；响应，作出反响responsen.答复，回复；反响respondtosb./sth.答复(比answer,replyto正式)respondtosb./sth.(with/bysth.)用……回应某人(事)respondto(疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反响responsetosb./sth.(对人/物)的答复/回复/反响inresponseto作为对……的反响[即学即练1](1)Theystillhaven't____________myletter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。(2)He____________mysuggestion________alaugh/______laughing.他对我的建议报以一笑。(3)Hisillnessdidn't____________treatmentbydrugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反响。(4)Mymotheropenedthedoor____________________theknock,buttherewasnooneoutside.听到敲门声后，我妈妈翻开了门，但外面一个人都没有。respondedto,respondedto,with,by,respondto,inresponseto2．certainadj.确定的；无疑的；某(种)(1)作“某(种)〞讲时，同义于some.但some前不加冠词。foracertainreason＝forsomereason由于某种缘由certainprofessors＝someprofessors某些教授acertainamountoftime相当一段时间(2)作“确信的，有把握的〞讲时，同义于sure.但是certain的主语既可以是人，也可用于Itiscertainthat...句型，而sure主语只能是人。“becertain/sure＋从句〞(人)有把握/确信……(表示主语的信念)becertain/sureof/aboutsth.(人)确信(表示主语的信念)becertain/suretodosth.必定/确定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念)“makecertain/sure＋从句〞弄清晰/确保……makecertain/sureof/aboutsth.把某件事情弄清晰forcertain/sure确定地，准确地(做状语)Itiscertainthat...确定会……(不能用sure)[即学即练2](1)Therewas_________________inhismanner.他的看法有点冷淡。(2)Areyou____________________it？你对此有把握吗？(3)Heis__________________hisduty.他确定会尽职。(4)_________________hehaswrongedme.我确信他冤枉了我。(5)_________________theirteamwillwinthematch.他们队确定会赢得竞赛。acertaincoldness,certainabout/of,certaintodo,I’mcertainthat,It’scertainthat3．containvt.包含；包容(＝hold)；抑制(＝control)[即学即练3](1)Hispaper___________nomistakesatall.他的试卷没有一点错误。(2)Orangejuice____________thingswhichhelpkeepyouhealthy.橘汁里含有有益于安康的东西。(3)Thisbottle___________twoglassesofbeer.这个瓶子可包容两杯啤酒。(4)Hecouldn't____________forjoy.他不胜高兴。contained,contains,contains,containhimself4．affectvt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭begreatly/deeplyaffected很/深受感动beaffectedbyheat/cold中暑/着凉beaffectedwithhighfever发高烧[即学即练4](1)Theamountofrain______thegrowthofcrops.降雨量干脆影响庄稼生长。(2)Oneofherlungs____________alittlesothatshehastorest.她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。(3)Theaudience____________________byhisspeech.听众被他的演讲深深打动了。affects,isaffected,weredeeplyaffected5．appreciatevt.观赏；感谢；喜爱appreciationn.观赏；感谢appreciatesth.(thanksb.)感谢某事或某人Iwouldappreciateitif...假如……，我将不胜感谢。[即学即练5](1)Hehighly__________________________.他特别感谢他的扶植。(2)Weshall___________________________youagain.我们将很欢乐再次收到您的来信。(3)Ireally____________________________totheparty.你能来参与这次聚会我太欢乐了。(4)Iwould______________________youcouldhelpme.假如你能扶植我，我将不胜感谢。appreciatedhishelpappreciatehearingfromappreciateyourcomingappreciateitif6．succeedv．胜利successn.[U]胜利；成就[C]胜利的人或事successfuladj.胜利的successfullyadv.胜利地succeedindoingsth.havesuccessindoingsth.achievegreatsuccess获得宏大的胜利sb./sth.isasuccess胜利的人或事[即学即练6](1)Weall_____________________themid－termexamination.我们都胜利地通过了期中考试。(2)Failureisthemotherof__________.失败是胜利之母。(3)Hewas_________________________asanovelist.他是特别胜利的小说家。succeededinpassing,success,asuccess7．harmvt.&n．损害；危害beharmfulto＝doharmto……有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.＝Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.做某事是个好办法(或没有害处)。[即学即练7](1)Thedogseemsfierce,butitwon’t______anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会损害任何人。(2)Fruitjuicecan______________________children’steeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(3)Hemaysayno,but___________________________asking.他可能回绝，但问一问也无妨。harm,beharmfulto,thereisnoharmin8．dieout灭亡，渐渐消逝dieout绝种，灭亡；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)渐渐消逝dieoff(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死dieaway(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息，平静diedown(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音)静下来dieof指死于疾病、苍老、饥饿、哀痛等diefrom指由于外伤、外界缘由、马虎、不留意、劳累过度等而死[即学即练8](1)Scientistssaidthatthoseplants______acenturyago.科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。(2)Manyoldcustoms___________________________.很多古老的风俗正渐渐消逝。(3)Ifthesnowstormdoesnotblowover,thecattlewill______________.假如暴风雪不停息，家畜就要死掉了。(4)Opentheairhole;thefireis___________________.把气孔翻开，火要熄了。diedout,aredyingout,dieoff,dyingdown(5)Everywintersomeoldpeople_______________hypothermia.每冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。(6)Nowadaysmanypeople________________cancer.如今有很多人死于癌症。diefrom,dieof9．indanger(of...)处于危急之中outofdanger脱离危急[即学即练9](1)Thedrownedgirlwasobviously_________________________.很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。(2)Theoldhouseis_________________collapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危急。(3)Theyweretoldatthehospitalthattheirgrandmotherwas_________________.他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危急了。inimmediatedanger,indangerof,outofdanger拓展：与in/outof搭配的短语inorder有秩序insight看得见introuble在逆境中inline成行(队)inplace合适/当infashion时尚outoforder出故障(机器等工作不正常)outofsight看不见outoftrouble摆脱逆境outofline不成始终线outofplace不相宜outoffashion过时10．protect...from/against...爱护……免受……(的损害)defend...from/against...保卫……以反抗……keepsb.fromdoingstopsb.(from)doingpreventsb.(from)doing阻挡某人做[即学即练10](1)Youngplantsshouldbewell______________thecold.幼苗必需被很好地爱护以免受冻。(2)Thehen___________itsyoung___________beingattackedbythecat.母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的攻击。(3)Everyoneshouldtakeuparmsto__________ourcountryfrominvasion.每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵扰。(4)Nothingcan______us______realizingourdreams.什么也不能阻挡我们实现幻想。protectedfrom,protected,against,defend,stop,from提示：(1)protectagainst和protectfrom意思相像，有时可互换。但是，对于较大的事情，如：敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用protectagainst,对于较小的事情常用protectfrom.(2)在protect...from/against...构造中，from和against后面常跟sth.，有时against后跟beingdone来强调动作的被动性。(3)主动句中prevent/stop...from...中的from可省略，在被动句中from不行省略，而keep...from...中的from无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。11．payattentionto留意Attention,please!请留意！(演讲用语)(＝MayIhaveyourattention,please？)attract/catch/draw/getone'sattentionto吸引某人的留意fix/focus/concentrateone'sattentionon将留意力集中于devoteone'sattentionto用心致志于callone'sattentionto唤起某人对……的留意提示：以上短语中的to、on都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。[即学即练11](1)She______________________________herappearance.她很留意外表。(2)Agreatdealofattentionhasbeen______________protectingtheenvironment.人们已对爱护环境投入很多精力。paidmuchattentionto,paidto12．comeintobeing出现；形成；产生obeing使形成；使产生forthetimebeing短暂；眼下[即学即练12](1)Wedon'tknowwhentheuniverse________________________.我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。(2)Suchacustom______________________longago.这种风俗很久以前就有了。cameintobeing,cameintobeing提示：comeintobeing是不与物动词短语，无被动形式，无进展时。类似短语有：comeintopower当权comeintoeffect生效comeintoaction开始行动comeintooffice就职comeintosight看得见comeintouse开始运用易错点拨自我完善•误区备考1.contain/include(1)contain意为“包含，含有，包容，里面装有〞，指的是包含的全部内容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系，不用于进展时态。(2)include意为“包含；连……在内，计入，算入，包括〞，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。常用“including＋被包括部分〞或“被包括部分＋included〞。如：Manypeopleliketennis,includingme/meincluded.很多人喜爱网球，也包括我/我也在内。[应用1]用contain和include的适当形式填空。(1)TheChinesedietisconsideredtobethehealthiestintheworld.It_____________alotoffruitandgreenvegetables.(2)Everyonetookpartinthefightagainsttheflood,_____________oldpeople.(3)The__________can__________100litresofwater.includes,including,container,contain2.affect/effect/influence(1)affect常做与物动词，“影响，感动，感染〞。(2)effect常做名词，“结果，效果，作用，影响〞，常用于词组：haveaneffecton/uponsb.对……有影响，takeeffect生效，实行，come/gointoeffect开始生效，开始施行。(3)influence可做动词也可做名词，表示“影响、感染〞的意思时，是指使思想、行为、性质或开展和成长等发生改变的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响经常是潜移默化的。[应用2](1)Probablywe______________eachother.(2)To_________apolicyistohavean_________onit.influenced,affect,effect高效作业自我测评•技能备考Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Thishatwillgivep_____________againstthehotsun.2．Mywalletc______________twohundredyuanandmypassportwaslostwhenIwasshopping.3．MrsBrown'sdogb______themailmanwhenhewasdeliveringnewspapersyesterdayafternoon.4．Bothbeesandbutterfliesbelongtoi__________.5．Themotherisr________herbabyagainstmosquitoes.6．You'dbetter__________(存留)themoneyforfutureneed.7．We'llgo_____________(打猎)tomorrow.8．Wegreatly___________(感谢，感谢)yourtimelyhelp.9．Sheturnedher____________(留意力)tonewproblems.10．Thedoglooks__________(凶狠).You'dbetterkeepawayfromit.Ⅱ.单项选择1．Thedriverwasat______losswhen______wordcamethathewasforbiddentodriveforspeeding.A．a;theB．/;/C．the;theD．a;/2．Itis______thathisEnglishis______perfect.A．sure;veryB．right;ratherC．exact;fairlyD．certain;quite3．Stop______thiskindofsnakes.Theyare______.A．hunting;dyingoutB．tohunt;dyingoutC．hunting;dyingawayD．tohunt;dyingdown4．I'dliketoarrive20minutesearly______Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A．assoonasB．asaresultC．incaseD．sothat5．Areyoudrivingtotheairport,sirI'dappreciate______ifyoucouldgivemealift.A．thatB．youC．thisD．it6．Moreattentionshouldbe______equipmentinourfactorysothatwecanincreaseourproduction.A．paidtoimprovingB．paidtoimproveC．takentoimproveD．takentoimproving7．－Howmanypassengerswereintheplane－It______100,20Chinese______.A．contained;includedB．contained;includingC．included;containedD．contained;containing8．Thediseasefailedto______tothenewdrugsthedoctorapplied.A．respondB．turnC．replyD．refer9．Much______bythestoryofCongFei,Iamalsodeterminedtobeavolunteerworker.A．affectedB．appreciatedC．admiredD．effected10．Theremaybekindsofinfectious(传染的)diseasesinpublicplaces.Youshouldkeepyourchildren______totheplaceswherepeoplearecrowded.A．notgoB．nottogoC．goingD．fromgoing11．Afteraheateddiscussionatthemeeting,anewplancame______being,whichwouldhaveagreateffect______theculturallifeofthepeople.A．into;forB．to;toC．from;atD．into;on12．Nobodyknowsexactlyhowmanyyearsitwillbe______theChinesefootballteamentersthefinalstageoftheWorldCup.A．whenB．sinceC．beforeD．until13．Shewasknocked______byacarandnowwasstill______.A．down;indangerB．off;dangerousC．down;dangerousD．off;indanger14．—Excuseme,whattimeisitnow—Sorry,mywatch______.It______attheshop.A．isn'tworking;isbeingrepairedB．doesn'twork;isbeingrepairedC．isn'tworking;isrepairedD．doesn'twork;isrepaired15．—Mycarstartedupatlast.—Youshouldhavei