学术英语论文

学术英语论文题目：CarbonDioxideandGlobalWarming姓名：学号：老师：日期：CarbonDioxideandGlobalWarmingAbstractCarbondioxideplaysaveryimportantroleintheprocessofglobalwarming.InordertoreducethelevelofCOintheatmosphere,twomainmeasurescanbetaken,carbondioxideemissionreductionandutilizationofCO.IntroductionSince1985,scientists'Villachmeetingonglobalwarminganditsconsequentclimatechange,greateffortshavebeentakentostudyglobalwarming(Houghton,1990).Accordingtotheirresearches,globalwarmingisunequivocal,asismanifestedinthreeinternationallyglobaltemperaturerecordswiththeglobalaveragetemperaturerisingatarateof0.70-0.75℃per100yearsduring1910-2009(Wenetal.,2011).Globaltemperatureincreasewillcauseaseriesofnegativeeffectsonnaturalsystems,includingsnowandicemelting,sea-levelrisingandintermingleinthehydrologicalcycle.AtthesametimetheincreaseinCOconcentrationswillleadtotheacidificationofseawater.Sucheffectswilldirectlyorindirectlythreatenterrestrialandmarineecosystemsandsocialsystems(FANGJing-Yunetal,2011).Asamaingreenhousegas,carbondioxidehasattractedmanycountries’attentionsince1980.Statisticsindicated,becauseoftheburningofthefossilfuels,185-242

billiontonCOwerereleasedintotheatmosphereperyear(YuTian-Jieetal.,2008).Recently,withthedevelopment

ofnaturalgas,thecontentofcarbondioxideinthenaturalgasisalsoincreasingyearbyyear.ThelargenumberofCOemissions,notonlycauseswasteofcarbonresource,butalsocontributestotheglobalwarming.Inordertoimprovethesituation,"KyotoProtocol"wasputforwardtolimitdevelopedcountriestoreducetheemissionofCO.Therefore,American,BritainandGermanyallresearchedtomakeareductionsystem.Meanwhile,JapanstartedtoincreasethespeedofstudyofCO,planedtobuildanindependentindustrysystemtotakeCOasthechemicalmaterial(YuTian-Jieetal,2008).Carbondioxide

iscloselyrelatedtoglobal

warming,itsemissionreductionandutilizationarenodelay.TherelationshipofcarbondioxideandglobalwarmingCarbondioxideisanimportantreactorofglobalwarming.In2008,ShiGuang-YuworkedinChinese

AcademyofSciences’InstituteofPhysicssummarizedthatifdoubletheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,thedensitywillincreaseabout3.75W／m(ShiGuang-Yu,2008.).Carbondioxideaffectsglobalwarminginmanyways,forexampleitcanmakethesolarshortwaveradiationpassedfreelyandabsorbsthelongwavefromthesurfaceofearth.

Howevercarbondioxideisnottheonlyreasonresultinginglobalwarming.CaoGen-HuaandhispartnersputforwardtwoevidencestoprovethatglobalwarmingwasnotentirelycausedbyCOintheirliterature“DiscussionontheCarbonDioxide

andGreenhouseeffect”.Firstly,basingonthelongresearchofclimatechange,scientistsdiscoveredthattherecordsoftemperaturewerenotentirelyconsistentwiththecontentchangeofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.Althoughthecarbondioxideisincreasing,thetrendwasstoppedthreetimesbycoldperiodwhiletheincreasingoftemperaturewasnotstopped.Secondly,if

excessivecarbondioxideemissions

entirelycause

globalwarming,thecloudcoverwillalsoincreaseandtemperaturerisingwillbeoffsetbyreducingtheearth’ssurfaceheatfromthesun.(CaoHua-Genetal,2008)TheutilizationtechnologiesofcarbondioxideTechnologiesofphysicsutilizationCarbondioxideiswidelyusedinpsychics,suchfireextinguishingagent,refrigerantandcleaning

agent.InmidMay,

2004,

China'sfirst

liquid

carbondioxidedrycleaning

machine

locatedinBeijing.Asanewcleaningagent,carbondioxidehasagreateffectoncleaningtextiles.Comparedwithtraditionalmethods,ithasfourmainadvantages：1.Usingcarbondioxideas

thesolvent,

drycleaning

equipment

canrealizetruegreendrycleaning;2.Theuseof

liquid

carbondioxidecanhelpdrycleaning

machine

reduceoperatingcostsandsave

energy;3.Liquidcarbondioxidehasgoodwashing

effect;4.The

mechanicalpropertyofliquidcarbondioxidedrycleaning

machineissuperior.(QiDa-Tong,2004)Carbondioxidealsohasmanyapplicationsinthefoodindustry.Theycanbesummarizedthree

categories.1.Highdensity

ofcarbondioxidehasgreateffectsonthesterilization

disinfection.2.

Carbondioxideisan

inertmedium.Foritdoesn’tdamagethe

various

rangeoffoodcomponents,the

carbondioxide

andcarbondioxidegas

inpuffedfoodproduction

arevery

popular.3.Carbondioxidecanalsobeusedtoproduceakingofpopulardrinks-sodas.TechnologiesofchemicalutilizationExpectforphysics,carbondioxideisalsousedinthechemicalindustryasachemicalmartial.Forexample,thesynthesisofurea,ureaisaveryimportant

fertilizer,under

certain

conditions.ItcanbesynthesizedfromNHandCO.Thechemicalequationisasfollows:

2NH+CO→NHCOONH→CO(NH)+HObasedontheequation,740kgofcarbondioxidewillbeconsumedtoproduceonetonurea.Becauseallofthecrops’growthsneedurea,itisinagreatdemand.Largeamountofcarbondioxidecanbeconsumed.Besidesthesynthesisofurea,manyotherdevelopedtechnologiestakingCOasthematerialhavebeenusedintheSynthesisofsalicylicacid,

productionofsodiumcarbonate,

calciumcarbonate

andotherinorganic

carbonate.Inaddition,asaresourcerichincarbonandoxygen,peoplearealsotryingtousecarbondioxideintheproductionsofhydrocarbon,

methanol,

ethylenecarbonate,

diethylcarbonateandpolycarbonateEtc.InadditiontoresearchingthetechnologiestouseCO,tryingtoreducetheemissionofCOisalsoveryhelpfultogovernglobalwarming.TheemissionreductionofcarbondioxideinchemicalengineeringTheutilizationof

carbondioxideinchemicalengineering

isoneofthemostimportantmeansintheemissionsreductionofcarbondioxide,

especially

inlarge-scale

chemicalproduction,thelarge

useofcarbondioxide

playingadecisiveroleontheemissionreduction.Takeanexample:Currently,thequantityofammoniaplantprobablyreachesto500.Takethemedium-plantasanobject.Ifthecarbondioxideemissionscanberecycle,eachplantwillget30000-50000tonscarbondioxideproductsandthetotalwillreach1.65-2.75millionstonperyear.Thesynthesisofurea

isthemostsuccessfulexampletofixedanduselargemassofcarbondioxide.Withthecontinuousprogress

ofchemical

engineeringutilizationtechnologiesofcarbondioxide,

chemicalengineeringofcarbondioxide

hasbecomethemain

meansofcarbondioxideemissionsreduction.Then

howtousethedeveloped

chemical

technologytoreduce

carbondioxideemissionsandhowtoachievethe

reliablecombinationof

thetechnologiestodealwithcarbondioxideandreducecarbondioxideemissions,

areparticularlyimportant.AdjusttheprocessofproductionandreducetheemissionofcarbondioxideOneofthemainsources

ofcarbondioxide

fromthechemicalindustry

istheby-productgasintheproductionofhydrogen.

Syntheticgaswithhydrogen,

carbonmonoxide

asmaincomponentwillbeproducedafteroil,coalandnaturalgasvaporizationatthehightemperature.Thenthecarbonmonoxidewillbeconvertedintohydrogenandcarbondioxide.Inreality,withthechemicalindustrychainofonecarbonkeepsondeveloping,carbonmonoxide,astherawmaterial,willhavegreatervaluebeusedmorewidely.

Ifpeopleadjusttheprocessandstructureofproductionandutilizethecarbonmonoxideresourceappropriately,theamountofcarbonmonoxide’sconversionwillreduceandthegenerationandemissionofcarbondioxidewillbeundercontrol.（YuTian-Jie，2008）ConclusionGlobalwarmingisahugechallengewemankindarefacingtoday.Reducingthecontentofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereisoneoftheimportantmeasurestoimproveglobalwarming.Theutilizationandemissionreductionofcarbondioxidearethetwomainwaystoreducethelevelofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.Realizingthewideutilizationofcarbondioxideisstillfarawaytous.Currently,makingfulluseofcarbonmonoxideandreducingthecarbondioxideconversedfromcarbonmonox