Unit4Readingandthinking分层练习高一英语

Unit4Readingandthinking分层练习语言知识一、（2024·高一课时练习）单句语法填空1.Themother,alongwithhertwochildren,______(rescue)fromthesinkingboat.2.AsfarasI’mconcerned,stayinguplateeverydayiscertain_____(affect)yourheathseriously.3.Theoldmanwentthroughalotof_____intheolddays.What’sworse,he______fromheartattackwhenhewasinhiseighties.(suffer)4.Thenews______(shock)thepublic,leadingtogreatconcernaboutstudents’safetyatschool.5.Arescueworkerriskedhislife_____(save)twotouristswho_______(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.6._____(bury)instudy,hedidn’tnoticethatalltheothershadleft.7.HetreatsmeasifI______(be)hisowndaughter.8.Whatyousaidleftus_____(lose)inthought.9.Iwonderwhyyourefused_____(deliver)myletterstomyhomelastweek.10.Inmyopinion,playingtamegamesoutdoorswithyourfriendsisan______(effect)waytogetridofanger.【答案】1.wererescued

2.toaffect

3.sufferings;suffered

4.shocked

5.saving,weretrapped

6.Buried

7.were

8.lost

9.todeliver

10.effective二、（2024·高一课时练习）重点词组1．volcaniceruption

2．asif

3．inruins

4．inshock

5．intheopenair

6．firstaidkit

7．onhand

8．sweepaway

【答案】1．volcaniceruption火山喷发2．asif似乎；好像；仿佛3．inruins严重受损；破败不堪4．inshock震惊；吃惊5．intheopenair露天；在户外6．firstaidkit急救箱7．onhand现有(尤指帮助)8．sweepaway消灭；彻底消除三、（2024·高一课时练习）根据汉语意思填写单词1．Janecaughtsightofherfriendand

(挥手)toher.2．Itisimportanttokeep

(镇定的)infaceofdanger.3．Protestersattackedthepolicewithstonesand

(砖头).4．Thecollapsewasdisastrous,requiringthe

(紧急情况)medicalteamandgoodteamwork.5．Wemovedintoacabinwith

(电)butnorunningwater.6．Shewassonervousthatshecouldn’t

(呼吸)freely.7．Everythingwasgoingsmoothlyuntilsuddenlythe

(灾难)struck.8．Theoldtreewasonce

(击中)bylightning.9．Chinesepeoplearewellknownforhardworkand

(智慧).10．Whatfollowsisabrief

(总结)oftheprocess.11．Thewholecitywasin

(废墟)afterthebigearthquake.12．Theyhavereceivednoticeofanapproaching

(台风).13．Rescuersbuilt

(避难所)forsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.14．You

(挽救)mefromanembarrassingsituation.15．Asweallknow,thefloodreallydidgreat

(损害)tothecropsthere.【答案】1．waved【详解】考查动词。句意：简看见了她的朋友，向她挥了挥手。根据汉语提示可知应用动词wave，结合上文caught可知为一般过去时。故填waved。2．calm【详解】考查形容词。句意：在危险面前保持镇定是很重要的。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词calm，作表语。故填calm。3．bricks【详解】考查名词。句意：抗议者用碎石和砖头袭击警察。根据中文提示，“砖头”可用brick表示，可数名词；需要与stones保持一致，用复数形式。故填bricks。4．emergency【详解】考查名词。句意：坍塌是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗小组和良好的团队合作。“紧急情况”为名词emergency作定语，修饰名词短语medicalteam，名词作定语，往往是说明材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。故填emergency。5．electricity【详解】考查名词。句意：我们搬进了一间有电但没有自来水的小木屋。“电”应用名词electricity，是不可数名词，作with的宾语，表示有电但没有自来水的小木屋。故填electricity。6．breathe【详解】考查动词原形。句意：她紧张得喘不过气来。根据汉语提示可知应用动词breathe，作谓语，且情态动词couldn't后跟动词原形。故填breathe。7．disaster【详解】考查名词。句意：一切都很顺利，直到灾难突然降临。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词disaster，特指那场灾难，应用名词单数形式，作从句的主语。故填disaster。8．struck/striken【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：这棵老树曾经被闪电击中过。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，动词strike符合题意，主语和动词之间是被动关系，故空处填动词的过去分词形式和was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填struck/striken。9．wisdom【详解】考查名词。句意：中国人民以勤劳智慧著称。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用不可数名词wisdom，和hardwork并列，作介词for的宾语。故填wisdom。10．summary【详解】考查名词。句意：下面是对这一过程的简要总结。根据汉语提示可知应用名词summary，不定冠词提示用单数。故填summary。11．ruins【详解】考查名词。句意：大地震后，整个城市成了一片废墟。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词ruin，在句中作介词宾语，表示“残垣断壁；废墟”，常用复数形式；inruins是固定短语，意为“破败不堪，严重受损”。故填ruins。12．typhoon【详解】考查名词。句意：他们已收到一个台风即将来临的通知。根据汉语提示可知，此处用名词typhoon，作宾语。故填typhoon。13．shelters【详解】考查名词。句意：救援人员为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词shelter，可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式，表泛指，作宾语。故填shelters。14．rescued【详解】考查动词。句意：你把我从尴尬的境地救了出来。本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。根据汉语提示“挽救”和句子结构可知，此处可用动词rescue的过去式作谓语。故填rescued。15．damage【详解】考查名词。句意：我们都知道，洪水确实给那里的庄稼造成了很大的损失。根据汉语提示可知，“损害”是damage，dodamageto表示“对...有损害”，名词作宾语。故填damage。知识应用四、（2024·皖豫名校联盟）阅读理解InGeorgiastudentswillberequiredtobuild“backgroundknowledge”byrecitingallorpartofsignificantpoemsandspeeches.TheArkansesplancallsforstudentstoreciteapassagefromawellknownpoem,playorspeech.That’sit:anoldfashioneddemandthatstudentsmemorizetheGettysburgAddressorHamlet’s“Tobeornottobe”orGwendolynBrooks’sWeRealCoolandreciteittoanaudience.Mostparentswouldprobablycallthisaworthyexerciseonceabandonedforlong,gatheringthecouragetospeakinpublicandfiringtheadolescentimagination.Whocouldobjecttostorememorablewordsinteenageheadsotherwisepackedwithshortvideos?Englishteachers,that’swho.Moderneducatorsviewmemorizationasemptyrepetition,mechanicalandprescriptive（规定的）ratherthancreativeorthoughtful.Recitingtextsfrommemory,theysay,merelydropsinformationintostudents’minds.It’srepetitivelearninginsteadofcriticalanalysis.That’swrong.Recitationallowsstudentstoexperienceatextasalivingthing,readytobetakenupbyanewgeneration.mittingapoemorspeechtomemorymeanssteppingintotheauthor’sshoesandponderingwhathemeant.Decidingwhichwordstostresswhenrecitingmeansthinkingaboutwhatthosewordsmean.Inourageofsocialmediaandartificialintelligence,thepracticeofrecitationhasneverbeenmoreneeded.Memorizingclassicwordsremindsusthattheyarealive.WatchthefacesofparentsastheylistentotheirchildrenurgingusalltowardwhatMartinLutherKingcalled“adreamdeeplyrootedintheAmericandream,”orsayingwithRobertFrost,“Ihavebeenoneacquaintedwiththenight,”orwithShakespeare,“Tomorrowandtomorrowandtomorrow...”Whenyoungrecitersreturntotheirseats,theyknowtheyhavemadeagelesswordstheirown.Whatparentsandstudentsfeelatthatmomenttranscends（超越）agoodgrade.Forafewminutes,hardworkingteensbeeKing,FrostorShakespeare.28.Whyareeducatorsagainststoringmemorablewordsinteenageheads?A.Memorizationisnothingbutthoughtfullearning.B.Memorizationisanythingbutrepetitivelearning.C.Memorizationdoesinjureteenagers’heads.D.Memorizationdoesnogoodtocriticalanalysis.29.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardrecitation?A.Supportive. B.Objective.C.Opposed. D.Unclear.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pondering”inparagraph4mean?A.Learningfrom. B.Reflectingon.C.Bringingout. D.Arguingagainst.31.HowdoestheauthorstresstheimportanceofrecitationinthesocialmediaandAItimes?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byanalyzingcauses.C.Bydisplayingmethods. D.Bylistingfigures.【答案】【C篇大意】本文为说明文。主题为“人与自我”。在乔治亚州，学生将被要求通过背诵全部或部分的要诗歌和演讲来建立“背景知识”。阿肯色州的计划要求学生背诵一段著名的诗歌、戏剧或演讲。尽管英语教师和现代教育家认为记忆是空洞的重复，机械的和规定性的，而不是创造性或深思熟虑的，但家长可不这样认为。28.D【解析】细节理解题。由第三段Moderneducatorsviewmemorizationasemptyrepetition…It’srepetitivelearninginsteadofcriticalanalysis.可知答案为D.Memorizationdoesnogoodtocriticalanalysis。29.A【解析】作者态度题。由第四段的首句That’swrong.以及随后4段都表达了作者对“背诵有好处”的认同和支持。故答案为A.Supportive。30.B【解析】猜测词义题。根据后一句Decidingwhichwordstostresswhenrecitingmeansthinkingaboutwhatthosewordsmean“（在背诵时）决定重读哪些单词意味着要思考这些单词的意思”可推至“pondering”意为本句中的thinkingabout“思考”，故答案为B.Reflectingon。31.A【解析】推理判断题。文章最后2段通过举例“家长亲眼目睹背诵给孩子带来的好处”来说明“…thepracticeofrecitationhasneverbeenmoreneeded.Memorizingclassicwordsremindsusthattheyarealive”，故答案为A.Bygivingexamples。五、（2024·豫北名校大联考）语法填空Inrecentyears,therehavebeenmanyattempts___41___(record)thedetailsofthesurfaceoftheMoon.However,nonehasbeenasprehensiveasthemapreleasedbytheChineseAcademyofSciencesonJune14,2022.Thismap___42___(create)using15yearsofdatawhichwascollectedfromtheongoingChineseLunarExplorationProgram.Chinesegeologists(地质学家)alsousedinformationfromlunarexplorationmissions(任务)___43___(conduct)bytheUS,Japan,andIndia.Themapidentifiesthepreciselocationsofeveryknownlunarrock,basin,andstructure.Geological___44___(discovery)madeatthesamplingsitesofthehistoric1969—1972Apollomission___45___thelandingsiteofthe2020Chang’e5mission—wheretheyoungestlunarrockknowntodatewasfoundarealsomarked.Theresearchersbelievethethoroughlunarmapwillcontribute___46___(significant)toscientificresearch.Themapwillalsobe___47___reliabletoolforfindingsafelandingplacesforfuturelunarmissions.Meanwhile,theEuropeanSpaceAgencyfocuseditsefforts___48___creating“themostaccuratepletemultidimensionalmapoftheMilkyWay.”Itsinformationwillgiveastronomersa___49___(far)understandingoftheevolutionofourgalaxy.Itwillalsohelp___50___(they)betterunderstandthelifecycleofstars.【答案】41.torecord42.wascreated43.conducted44.discoveries45.and46.significantly

47.a48.on49.further50.them【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲介绍的是一张中国科学院于2022年6月14日发布的月球地图。【41题详解】考查不定式。句意：近年来，人们进行了许多尝试，试图记录月球表面的细节。attempt意为“尝试”，后跟不定式作后置定语，故填torecord。【42题详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这张地图是用15年的数据绘制的，这些数据是从正在进行的中国月球探测计划中收集的。地图是被绘制，map和create之间是逻辑动宾关系，句子用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语map是单数，因此空格处是wascreated。故填wascreated。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国地质学家还使用了美国、日本和印度进行的月球探测任务的信息。句中谓语是used，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填conducted。【44题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：在历史性的19691972年阿波罗任务的采样点和2020年嫦娥五号任务的着陆点（迄今为止已知最年轻的月球岩石的发现地点）的地质发现也被标记出来。由后面的are可知，此处discovery用复数，故填discoveries。【45题详解】考查连词。句意：在历史性的19691972年阿波罗任务的采样点和2020年嫦娥五号任务的着陆点（迄今为止已知最年轻的月球岩石的发现地点）的地质发现也被标记出来。“samplingsitesofthehistoric1969—1972Apollomission”和“thelandingsiteofthe2020Chang’e5mission”之间是并列关系，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。【46题详解】考查副词。句意：研究人员认为，完整的月球地图将对科学研究做出重大贡献。空格处用副词significantly修饰动词contribute，意为“显著地”，故填significantly。【47题详解】考查冠词。句意：该地图还将成为未来月球任务寻找安全着陆点的可靠工具。tool是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，reliable是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。【48题详解】考查介词。句意：与此同时，欧洲航天局把精力集中在绘制“最精确、最完整的银河系多维地图”上。focus...on是固定短语，意为“把……集中在……上”，因此空格处是介词on，故填on。【49题详解】考查比较级。句意：它的信息将使天文学家进一步了解我们星系的演化。根据语境可知，句子表示“它的信息将使天文学家进一步了解我们星系的演化”，空格处意为“进一步的”，是further。故填further。【50题详解】考查代词。句意：这也将帮助他们更好地了解恒星的生命周期。空格处用宾格them作宾语，故填them。六、（2024·皖豫名校联盟）完形填空Mr.VedderhasimpactedmylifeinwaysevenIcannotimagine.Inmyseventhgradeyear,Iwas__41__toMr.Vedder,anEnglishteacherbeyondanyother.WhenIwasyounger,I42beingfamouslikeeveryotherstudentofmyage.WhenI__43__intoMr.Vedder'sclassroomonthefirstdayofschool,hemademe__44__whatItrulywantedtodo:write.Helikedwriting,andpushedmetosharehis__45__.Andinfacthisenthusiasmgreatly__46__me.Afterthat,Ialways__47__myselfwitha__48__inmyhandorastorytowrite.Intheclassroom,Mr.Vedderwasa(n)__49__rolemodel.Evenonthedarkest,__50__andlongestdays,Mr.Vedderwastheretomakeallofusfeelthatthedaywasgoingtoofast,andwedidn'twantitto__51__.Actually,inhisclass,everyonegenuinelywantedtolearn.IfoneweretoapproachMr.Vedder,theywouldknowthathewasinvolvedin__52__.Thisisduetohis__53__withstudents.UnlikeanyotherteacherIhaveeverseen,Mr.Veddercanconnectwithhisstudentsbetterthanthestudentsthemselves.HavingMr.Vedderasateacheris__54__tohavinghimasafriend.Mr.Vedderhaschangedmylifeforeverandforthebetter,andI'm__55__forwhathehasdoneforme42.A.insistedon44.A.remend55.A.gratefulB.limitedB.allowedforB.steppedB.forgetB.weaknessB.influencedB.rewardedB.bagB.curiousB.safestB.occurB.entertainmentB.argumentB.equalB.responsibleCmittedC.dreamedofC.lookedC.