2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT4Scientistswhochangedtheworld单元检测含解析译林版必修第三册

PAGEPAGE15单元综合检测(四)第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分；满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheadvancementofhumancivilizationispossiblejustbecauseofenormouscontributionmadebyscientists.Theyareoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleoftoday'sworld.Withpracticaladvantagesinengineering，medicineandtechnology，theyhavehelpedustogrowbetterunderstandingabouttheworldanddifferentworkingphenomenonthatgovernsus.Theirnamesarerememberedinthesandsoftimefortheirworkinthewelfareofmankindwithdifferentinventionsthathasmadeourmodernliveseasy.Hereisalistofthefourgreatscientistswe'veeverseenwhochangedtheworld.LouisPasteur(1822－1895)Pasteurcontributedgreatlytowardstheadvancementofmedicalsciencesdevelopingcuresforrabies，anthraxandotherinfectiousdiseases.Healsoinventedtheprocessofpasteurization(加热杀菌法)tomakemilksafertodrink.Heprobablysavedmorelivesthananyotherperson.OttoHahn(1879－1968)HahnwasaGermanchemistwhodiscoverednuclearfission(裂变)in1939.Hewasapioneeringscientistinthefieldofradio­chemistry，anddiscoveredradioactiveelementsin1921.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1944.NikolaTesla(1856－1943)Teslaworkedonelectro­magnetismandACcurrent.Heobtainedaround300patentsworldwideforhisinventionsfromelectricitytoradiotransmission，butmanyinventionsdevelopedbyTeslawerenotputintopatentprotection.Heplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentofmodernelectricity.JamesClerkMaxwell(1831－1879)Maxwellmadegreatprogressinunderstandingelectro­magnetism.Hisresearchinelectricityandkineticslaidthefoundationforquantum(量子)physics.EinsteinsaidofMaxwell，“TheworkofJamesClerkMaxwellchangedtheworldforever.”【语篇解读】本文介绍了四位伟人，四个人都为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。1．WhatcontributiondidLouisPasteurmaketosociety?A．Thedevelopmentofmedicine.B．Radio­chemistry.C．Modernelectricity.D．Quantumphysics.A[细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Pasteurcontributedgreatlytowardstheadvancementofmedicalsciencesdevelopingcuresforrabies，anthraxandotherinfectiousdiseases.”可知，LouisPasteur促进了医学的发展。所以A选项是正确的。]2．WhowasthoughthighlyofbyEinstein?A．LouisPasteur.B．OttoHahn.C．NikolaTesla.D．JamesClerkMaxwell.D[细微环节理解题。依据最终一段“EinsteinsaidofMaxwell，‘TheworkofJamesClerkMaxwellchangedtheworldforever.’”可知，爱因斯坦对JamesClerkMaxwell的评价很高。所以D选项是正确的。]3．Whatcanweinferaboutthefourpeople?A．Theyaremedicalpioneers.B．TheyareNobelPrizewinners.C．Theyaregreatcontributorstosociety.D．Theyarefoundersofmodernphysics.C[推理推断题。依据文章内容可知，他们四个人都是社会的重要贡献者，为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。所以C选项是正确的。]BMadameCurie，theyoungestofthefivechildren，wasborninWarsaw，Polandin1867.MarieCurie'smaidennamewasManya.Herparentswereteachers，andshelearnedtheimportanceofeducationataveryearlyage.NohighereducationwasofferedtowomeninPolandatthattime，soManyatookajobasatutor.ShesentpartofherincometoParistohelppayforhereldersister'smedicalstudies.Hersisterqualifiedasadoctorandmarriedafellowdoctorin1891.ManyawenttojoinedtheminParis，changinghernametoMarie.SheenteredtheSorbonne(nowtheUniversityofParis)andstudiedphysicsandmathematics，graduatingatthetopofherclass.Fortheresearchshewantedtodo，shewasintroducedtoanotheryoungscientist，PierreCurie.Later，theyfellinlovewitheachother.AftershewasrewardedtheNobelPrize，fametroubledMarieCurieandalsoherhusband，becausesciencewastheirworldandinthisworldofscience，fameandhonortopersonshadnovalue.OnedaywhenawriterforanewspapertriedtoaskMarieaboutherself，herthoughtsandherbeliefs，sheansweredhim，“Insciencewemustbeinterestedinthings，notinpersons.”Muchoftherealcharacterandspiritofthisunusualwomanwasfoundinthesefewwords，whichshewaslateroftentorepeat.Oneevening，atabigparty，afriendaskedifshewouldliketomeettheKingofGreece，whowasalsoaguest.Sheansweredinhersimplemanner，“Idon'tseethevalueofit.”Then，seeingthatshehurtthefeelingofherfriend，shequicklyadded，“But...but...ofcourse，Ishalldowhateveryouplease.Justasyouplease.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。居里夫人是一位宏大的科学家。本文简要介绍了她成为科学家前后的生活。从她的言辞中可以看出她淡泊名利的特性和人品。4．WhatdidMarieCurieoncedotohelppayforhereldersister'smedicalstudies?A．Shewasateacher. B．Shewasadoctor.C．Shewasatutor. D．Shewasawaitress.C[细微环节理解题。依据第一段第四句和第五句可知，居里夫人曾经做过家庭老师，并用自己的部分收入资助姐姐上学。]5．WhatwasvaluabletoMarieCurie?A．Scienceandresearch. B．Fameandhonor.C．Characterandspirits. D．Personsandthings.A[推理推断题。依据第三段首句可推知，居里夫人和她丈夫更看重科学和探讨，名利对他们来说没有任何价值。]6．Thewriterforanewspaperwasinterestedin________．A．things B．MarieCurieC．Marie'shusband D．personsD[推理推断题。依据第三段其次句可知，给报社写稿的人试图向居里夫人了解有关她的状况，故可推知，这个人关注的是“人”。]7．WhatdoyouthinkmighthavehappenedbetweenMarieCurieandtheKingofGreece?A．TheKingwasangrywithMarieCurie.B．ForthesakeofherfriendMarieCuriemettheKingofGreece.C．TheKingofGreecewrotealettertoinviteMarieCurietomeethim.D．MarieCurieheldanotherpartyfortheKing.B[推理推断题。依据最终一段最终两句可推知，居里夫人不忍心损害挚友的感情，她会听从挚友，去见希腊国王。]CWhatarethebiggestproblemsthatsocietywillhavetodealwithinthenewage？TherearediseaseslikeAIDSandcancer.There'sclimatechange，ofcourse.Andwhataboutproducingenoughcheapfoodandenergyfortheworld'sgrowingpopulation？Who'sgoingtosolvealltheseterribleproblems？Yes，politiciansandworldleaderswillhaveabigparttoplay.Yes，businesseswillneedtocreatetheeconomicwealthtopayforsomeofthesethings.Butwho'sgoingtomakeamuchgreaterdifferencetosomethinglikeAIDSorclimatechange.It'sgoingtobeascientist.Itisthescientistwhocanturnsomenewbitofscienceintoanewtechnologytosolvetheseproblems.Ifyoulikethinkingabouttheworldaroundyou，whynotbecomeascientist？Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetowearawhitecoatandplasticglassesandspendallyourtimeinalabasmostpeopleoftenimagine！Scientistsdoallkindsofamazingthingsthatareactuallyinteresting!Militaryscientistsdevelopnotonlynewweaponsbutnewmilitarytechnologiesthatcouldhelpmakewarsoutofdate.Forensic(法医的)scientistsworkwiththepolicetofindquitesmallcluestocatchcriminals.Scientistsworkinschoolsandcollegesastheteachersandprofessorswhowilltraintomorrow'sscientists.Don'tthinkascientistisfaraway！Maybeyoulikecooking？Youcouldbeafoodtechnologisthelpingtokeepfruitandvegetablesfresherforlonger.Perhapssportisyourthing？Doyouknowthatmosttopathletesworkwithsportsscientistsinordertoimprovetheirperformance？Youcouldevenbethesciencewriterwhogetstospendthelifestudyingthelatestadvancesandsharingthemwiththeworld.Lookingforsomethingtodofortherestofyourlife？Myadvice？Takealongandhardlookatscience.Itisinterestingandever.【语篇解读】本文提出在新时代社会必需解决的最大问题，科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。其实每个人都可以成为某个领域的科学家。8．Manyproblemsarementionedinthefirstparagraphto________．A．suggesttheyareimpossibletobesolvedB．introducethecausesoftheseproblemsC．showthewriter'sworryaboutthefutureworldD．showscientistsplayanimportantpartinsolvingthemD[推理推断题。依据第一段最终三句“Butwho'sgoingtomakeamuchgreaterdifferencetosomethinglikeAIDSorclimatechange.It'sgoingtobeascientist.Itisthescientistwhocanturnsomenewbitofscienceintoanewtechnologytosolvetheseproblems.”可知，第一段中提到的很多问题是为了说明科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。故选D。]9．Whatisneededtosolvetheseproblems?A．Advancedweapons.B．Enoughenergy.C．Newtechnologies.D．Agrowingpopulation.C[细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句“Militaryscientistsdevelopnotonlynewweaponsbutnewmilitarytechnologiesthatcouldhelpmakewarsoutofdate.”可知，解决这些问题须要新科技。故选C。]10．Mostpeoplethinkthelifeofscientistsis________．A．amazing B．boringC．colorful D．unrealB[推理推断题。依据其次段其次句“Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetowearawhitecoatandplasticglassesandspendallyourtimeinalabasmostpeopleoftenimagine！”可知，多数人认为科学家的生活是无聊的。故选B。]11．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Owingtomilitarytechnologies，therehasbeennowars.B．Forthoseinterestedincooking，foodtechnologiesmaybeachoice.C．Forensicscientistsplayanimportantpartindealingwithcrimes.D．Mostathletescanachievegreaterachievementwiththehelpofsportsscientists.A[细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句“Militaryscientistsdevelopnotonlynewweaponsbutnewmilitarytechnologiesthatcouldhelpmakewarsoutofdate.”可知，A项(Owingtomilitarytechnologies，therehasbeennowars.由于军事技术，没有发生斗争。)是错误的，故选A。]DEvercalledamovietheatretofindoutshowtime？Orcalledacustomerservicecentreforhelp？Chancesareyoudidn'tspeaktoahumanbeing.YouprobablygavecommandstoanAutomatedSpeechRecognition(ASR)system.Thesetypesofsystemsareefficientmoney­savingtoolsthatallowcompaniestoaddressmanycustomerconcernswithminimumhumanintervention.Thetechnologyforsuchasystemhasadvancedgreatlysinceitsappearanceinthe1950s.Onesignificantrecentachievementisthelaunchingofvirtualpersonalassistants(VPAs)onmobilephones.Themostwell­knownoftheseisApple'siPhoneVPA，Siri.IfyoutellSirithatyouwanttoschedulelunchwithafriend，“she”cansettheappointmentonyourphoneinseconds.TheVPAcanalsoholdabasic“conversation”withasenseofhumor.However，itcanonlybesetoffwhenthehumanuserspeakscertainkeyphrasesorwords.Whilethepotentialforcommunicationbetweenahumanandamachinemayseemexciting，thispossibilityconcernssomepeople.Someexpertsworryaboutpeople'sattachmenttothesemachinesandfearthattheartofsuccessfulhuman­to­humanconversationwillbeundevelopedinyoungergenerations.Theyworrythatpeoplewon'tbeabletodisplaytherightemotionortoneinconversationsbecausetheyhaven'tbeenpracticingthoseskills.Othersfearthatmachineswilltakeoverfunctionsthatweretraditionallyperformedbyhumans，suchascustomerservice.Anotherconcernoftenassociatedwiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologyistheinvasionofprivacy.Whenpeopleusecertainspeechrecognitionapplications，theyleavebehindanaudiotrackoftheirspeech.WhenyouaskaVPAfordirections，yourspeechisoftensentandsavedtoaremoteserverforprocessing.Thisdigitalinformationmayleadtodatamining，orthecollectionoflargequantitiesofpersonaldata.Fornow，however，thecontinuingevolutionofASRsoftwareisthrillingtobehold.Askingforandacquiringinformationfromanautomatedsourcehasneverbeeneasier.Leadingcompaniesinthespeechrecognitionworldwillmakehumancommunicationwithmachinesasseamlessaspossible—inotherwords，justlikecommunicatingwithanotherhuman.【语篇解读】本文是一篇争论文。文章在开头提到了ASR(AutomatedSpeechRecognition)自动语音识别的概念，进而在下文的论述中提到了该技术在运用中存在的问题和将来的前景。12．WhatcanwesayaboutApple'sSiri?A．It'sahelpfulVPA.B．Itfirstappearedinthe1950s.C．It'sthemostadvancedASRsystem.D．Ithasthesamesenseofhumorashumans.A[细微环节理解题。依据题干关键词Apple'sSiri定位到文章其次段第三句“Themostwell­knownoftheseisApple'siPhoneVPA，Siri.”其中最闻名的是苹果虚拟助理Siri，依据下一句“IfyoutellSirithatyouwanttoschedulelunchwithafriend，‘she’cansettheappointmentonyourphoneinseconds.(假如你告知Siri你想和挚友一起吃午饭，她可以在几秒钟内在你手机上设置约会时间。)”可得出，Siri对手机运用者的帮助意义。选项A“这是一个很有用的VPA”符合题意。故选A项。]13．WhatareParagraphs3and4mainlyabout?A．ThebroaddefinitionofASR.B．PotentialproblemswithASR.C．ThefastdevelopmentofASR.D．MovementsagainstusingASR.B[段落大意题。第三段首句为本段的主题句“Whilethepotentialforcommunicationbetweenahumanandamachinemayseemexciting，thispossibilityconcernssomepeople.(虽然人类和机器之间的沟通的可能性看起来令人兴奋，但这种可能性使一些人担忧。)”本段接下来讲的就是一些人机沟通出现的问题；第四段第一句“Anotherconcernoftenassociatedwiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologyistheinvasionofprivacy.(另一个担忧的问题是与新技术发展相关的对隐私的侵扰。)”可知，第四段同样说明的是人机相互沟通之间的问题。所以两段可以作为同一个话题来讲解并描述，即讲解并描述人机相互沟通之间的问题。选项B“ASR的潜在问题”符合题意。故选B项。]14．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofASR?A．Worried. B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful. D．Indifferent.C[观点看法题。依据最终一段第一句“Fornow，however，thecontinuingevolutionofASRsoftwareisthrillingtobehold.(然而，眼下ASR的软件的持续进化令人兴奋。)”可以看出，尽管上文提到了ASR的运用中存在的问题，但其将来的发展是光明的。由此可知，作者对ASR的将来充溢希望，选项C符合题意。故选C项。]15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TalkingtoTechnologyB．TheApplicationofSiriC．TheArtofConversationD．VPAsonMobilePhonesA[标题归纳题。文章在开头提到了ASR(AutomatedSpeechRecognition)自动语音识别的概念，进而在下文的论述中提到了该技术在运用中存在的问题和将来的前景。选项A“和技术对话”充分说明白文章的重点，适合作文章题目。故选A项。]其次节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Scientistsoftenseethefirsttenyearsofachild'slifeasthe“windowofopportunity”．16．Andstudiesshowthatthefollowingactivitiescanbegoodfortheirbraingreatly.17Freeplaytimehasalwaysbeenanimportantpartof“beingakid”，butitisalsoimportanttoachild'sdevelopment.“Freeplay”notonlyhelpskidsdevelopdifferentskills，butalsohelpsthemdevelopintohappyhealthyadultsinthefuture.ReadwithkidsReadinghaslongbeenknowntoimprovechildren'sintelligence.18．Forparentswhodon'thavemuchtime，justkeepingyourkidsaroundbooksgoesalongwaytoo.Putkidstobedearly19．Preschoolchildrenshouldgetatleast11hoursofsleepandkidsuptoage12shouldtrytogetatleast10hoursofsleep.LearnasecondlanguageEarlystudiesinthisfieldhaveshownthatbilingual(会说两种语言的)kidscanperformbetterunderpressure.Youngchildrencanlearnnewlanguageswithnearlyperfectfluencyandpronunciation.PraisegoodeffortnotintelligenceYourkidsmaybesmartbutyoushouldmainlypraisetheefforttheyputintotasks.Kids，whoarepraisedonintelligence，oftenfeelitisafixedquality，andmistakesorfailuresbadlyhurttheirself­confidence.Kidswhoarepraisedoneffortoftenfocusmoreonlearning.20．A．PlaysomehelpfulgamesB．GivekidsenoughplaytimeC．AndtheyarenotafraidtofailandtryagainD．KidsstillneedtimeawayfromtheTVtodohomeworkE．KidswhoreadoftendevelopearlierwritingandnumberskillsaswellF．Everythingatthistimeisveryimportanttothedevelopmentofaperson'sbrainG．Studiesshowthatkidswithregularbedtimesarebetteratlanguages，mathandreading【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明白人生的前十年被看作是“机会之窗”，在这个时期，每件事情都对孩子的大脑发育起重要作用。文章列举了几条有利于孩子的大脑健康发展的建议。16．F[依据上句可知，科学家们常常把孩子生命的前十年看作是“机会之窗”，这说明人生的前十年很重要，F项“这个时期的每一件事情对人脑的发育都很重要”符合语境。故选F。]17．B[依据本段内容，尤其是“Freeplaytimehasalwaysbeenanimportantpartof‘beingakid’”可知，自由玩耍的时间对孩子来说特殊重要。故B项最适合作本段的小标题。故选B。]18．E[依据上句可知，人们很早就知道阅读有助于提高孩子的智商。E项“常常阅读的孩子也会发展早期的写作和数字技能”说明阅读对孩子有主动的影响。故选E。]19．G[依据下句可知，学龄前儿童每天应当有至少11个小时的睡眠，12岁的孩子应当尽量有至少10个小时的睡眠。G项“探讨显示睡眠时间有规律的孩子在语言、数学和阅读方面发展得更好”与下句共同说明睡眠的重要性。故选G。]20．C[空前提到被表扬努力的孩子常常会把更多的精力集中在学习上，C项“而且他们不胆怯 失败，不胆怯 再次尝试”与本段中“被表扬聪慧的孩子会因为错误或失败而使自信念受到打击”形成对比，符合语境。故选C。]其次部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhatdoyouthinkofBillGates？Youmightthinkofhimasahard­working21ofMicrosoftoratechnologicalgenius，butonethingyoumightnotknowabouthimisthathe'soneoftheworld's22menwholeftMicrosofttodonatebillionsofdollarsand23theworldbycreatingnewinventions.In2014BillGates'wife，MelindaGates，24BilltoquitMicrosoftandworkwithhertohelpwhatBillGates25theBottomTwoBillion.TheBottomTwoBillionconsistsofathirdoftheworld'spopulationthatlivewithlessthan2USdollarsaday.Thesepeople26liveinareaswhereelectricityisrareanddiseaseisfarandwide.Oneofthe27todiseasesarevaccines(疫苗)，whichhelpthebodygetoverthedisease.Aproblemappearswithvaccinesbecausetheyneedtobekept28toremainfunctional.Whenelectricityisrare，it'softenveryhardtokeeprefrigerators29．OnewayGateshasproposedissomethinghecallsthe“SuperThermos”．It'sastrongheat­resistantthermosmadefromthesamematerialspaceshipsusetomeetthe30．Thisthermoscankeepvaccinescoldfor50days.AnotherproblemfortheBottomTwoBillionis31．Fromthe1960sto1980s，therewasanagriculturalrevolution，whichhas32alotofnewwaystoproducecropsfaster.Thismeantthattheworldthoughtthefood33probleminAfricawasgonebutthiswashardlythecase.ThewayGatesplanstosolvethisproblemistotalktoeachfarmeronebyone，discusstheirunique34，andgivethefarmersheartierseedsthatgrowbetteronthe35soilinthatarea.Doingthiswillhelpthefarmersgrowcropsfasterandbetter.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。我们熟知的世界首富比尔·盖茨并不仅仅是一个金钱持有者，他还为世界慈善事业做出了很大的贡献，为世界上须要帮助的人带来了希望。21．A．officer B．officialC．millionaire D．founderD[依据常识可知，比尔·盖茨是微软公司的创始人，所以此处用founder。]22．A．richest B．busiestC．kindest D．hardestA[结合生活常识和空后的内容可知，比尔·盖茨是世上“最富的”人之一，他离开了微软公司，去做慈善。]23．A．watching B．helpingC．missing D．visitingB[依据后文内容，尤其是后文中的“helpthebodygetoverthedisease”及文章最终一句“Doingthiswillhelpthefarmersgrowcropsfasterandbetter.”可知，比尔·盖茨是通过创建新的独创而“帮助”世界的。]24．A．permitted B．forcedC．persuaded D．requiredC[依据空后的“quitMicrosoftandworkwithher”和下文中的行动可推知，比尔·盖茨的妻子劝服(persuade)了他与自己一起做慈善。]25．A．sells B．plansC．designs D．callsD[依据下文介绍的theBottomTwoBillion的意思可知，此处指被比尔·盖茨称作BottomTwoBillion的事物，故用call。]26．A．probably B．originallyC．recently D．mainlyD[联系上下文的意思可知，此处指这些人主要居住在电力稀缺、疾病流行的地方。故选D项。]27．A．medicines B．effortsC．solutions D．secretsC[依据下文中的“helpthebodygetoverthedisease”可推知，这里指的是解决疾病的方法。故选C。]28．A．cold B．coversC．safe D．warmA[依据下文出现的“refrigerators”和本段最终一句中的“keepvaccinescoldfor50days”可推知，疫苗必需在低温下保存。故选A项。]29．A．racing B．flyingC．running D．restingC[依据空前的内容可知，当电力稀缺时，冰箱很难正常运转。故选C项。]30．A．requirements B．satisfactionsC．opportunities D．deadlinesA[依据疫苗的保存要求可知，“超级保温瓶”选用特殊材料制造是为了满意疫苗的保存要求。故选A项。]31．A．science B．educationC．industry D．agricultureD[依据下文介绍的农业方面的变革可知，此处指另一个问题是有关农业的。]32．A．delayed B．introducedC．imagined D．recordedB[依据空后的“alotofnewwaystoproducecropsfaster”可知，这里指农业方面的变革引进(introduce)了很多快速生产粮食的新方法。]33．A．supply B．healthC．quality D．cleannessA[依据上一句可推知，农业变革引进了新的增产粮食的方法，这样能提高粮食产量。这样全世界都认为非洲的粮食“供应”问题已经解决了。]34．A．dreams B．drugsC．crops D．needsD[依据上下文可推知，比尔·盖茨通过和每个农夫闲聊了解他们特有的须要，然后赐予帮助。]35．A．rich B．poorC．narrow D．highB[结合常识可知，非洲的土地较为贫瘠，所以很难长出优质的庄稼。这里用poor形容土地贫瘠。]其次节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。StephenHawking，whotried36.________(explain)someofthemostcomplicatedquestionsoflifewhilehimselfworkingundertheshadowofapoorphysicalcondition，hasdiedattheageof76.Hedied37.________(peaceful)athishomeinCambridgeintheearlyhoursofWednesday.TheUK'sPressAssociationreportedhis38.________(die)，citing(引用)aspokesmanforthefamily.“Mr.Hawkingandhiscontribution39.________(remember)forever，”ForeignMinistryspokesmanLuKangsaidonWednesday.“Hewasanoutstandingscientistandafighterwhostruggledagainstthediseaseandcontributedgreatly40.________mankind'sunderstandingofscience”．BorninOxford，Englandon8January，1942，theBritishtheoreticalphysicist41.________(know)forhisgroundbreakingworkwithblackholesandrelativity，andwastheauthorofseveralpopularsciencebooks，42.________(include)ABriefHistoryofTime.His43.________(child)，Lucy，RobertandTim，said：“Wearedeeplysaddenedthatourbelovedfatherpassedawaytoday.Hewasagreatscientistand44.________extraordinaryman，45.________workandlegacy(遗产)willliveonformanyyears.”Theypraisedhiscourageandpersistenceandsaidhistalentandhumorinspiredpeopleacrosstheworld.【语篇解读】本文为人物传记。主要对宏大的物理学家霍金进行了简洁的介绍。36．toexplain[考查固定搭配。trytodosth.为固定搭配，意为“尽力做某事，试图做某事”。故填toexplain。]37．peacefully[考查副词。句意：星期三凌晨他在剑桥的家里安静地死去。此处在句中修饰动词died，修饰动词要用副词，故填peacefully。]38．death[考查名词。句意：英国新闻协会报道了他的死亡……分析本句可知，动词die前有形容词his修饰，可知要用其名词形式death，故填death。]39．willberemembered[考查时态和语态。句意：霍金先生和他所作出的贡献将被恒久牢记。空格处应为一般将来时的被动语态，故填willberemembered。]40．to[考查固定搭配。句意：他是一位杰出的科学家和战士，他奋力抗击疾病，极大地促进了人类对科学的相识。contributeto为固定搭配，意为“促进，有助于”，故填to。]41．wasknown[考查时态和语态。beknownfor...为固定搭配，意为“以……出名”。依据文章可知，霍金已经去世，所以要用一般过去时，故填wasknown。]42．including[考查介词。句意：他还是几本科普读物的作者，包括《时间简史》。分析本句可知，几本书“包括(including)”《时间简史》。故填including。]43．children[考查名词复数。分析本句可知，他有三个孩子，故填child的复数形式children。]44．an[考查冠词。句意：他是一位宏大的科学家，他是一位了不得的人。分析句子可知，extraordinary是以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。]45．whose[考查定语从句。分析本句可知anextraordinaryman是先行词，空处在从句中作定语，修饰workandlegacy，故填whose。]第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假如你是红星中学高一(1)班的李华，你校《英语报刊》人物专栏征稿。请你用英语介绍一位你仰慕的人物。内容包括以下三个部分：1．对该人物的简洁介绍；2．仰慕该人物的理由；3．从该人物身上得到的启示。留意：词数80左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】ThomasEdison，wasagreatscientistandinventorIadmireverymuch.Iadmirehimbecauseofhiscontributionstotheworld.Inhislife，hewasalwaystryingoutnewideasandhadmorethan1，000inventions，manyofwhichstillhaveagreatinfluenceonourlifetoday.Hewasalsoverydiligentandbelievedthatgeniusisonepercentinspirationandninety­ninepercentperspiration.Alltheseexplainedwhyhehadsomanygreatinventionsandwhathedidinspiresmetobecreativeinmywork.其次节(满分25分)阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasawarmandsunnymorningattheCentralParkZoo.Maryandherclassmateswerebuzzingwithexcitementastheirschoolbusenteredthezooparkinglot.Today，Mary'sclasswasgoingonafieldtriptothezootolearnmoreabouttheanimalsandtheirnaturalhabitats.“Beforeyouleavethebus，pleasemakesureyouhaveyourbuddy！”MrsBrownannounced.Tomakesurenoonegotlostinthezoo，eachstudenthadabuddy(companion/friend)．Mary'sbuddywasnamedJohn.Johnlovesanimalsandlikestogotothezoo.Butsometimes，Johndoesnotfollowtherulesandgetsintrouble.Maryhopedthattoday，Johnwouldfollowtherulessotheywouldnotgetintrouble.Whentherestofthestudentsgotoffthebus，MaryandJohnquicklyranofftoexplore.Theyfoundtheexhibitsformanydifferentkindsofanimalsandlearnedalotabouttheirnaturalhabitats.Theysawtheelephantsplayingandtheysawgiraffeseating.Theysawthepolarbearssleepingandthemonkeysleaping.MaryaskedJohn，“John，whatisyourfavoriteanimal？”“Ithink