Module12HelpUnit3课件英语八年级上册

Unit

31.祈使句

祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、建议、请求或命令等。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化。

（1）动词原形构成的祈使句：暗含的主语是you，通常省略。否定句往往由do

not

（don’t）或never开头。祈使句的句首或句末有时加please,还可以加上称呼语，用逗号与句子主体隔开。

请看下列例句:

Have

a

nice

day!

玩得开心！

Don’t

waste

your

time!

不要浪费时间！

Come

this

way,

please.请来这边。

Make

sure

he’s

warm.确保他温暖。（2）Let’s构成的祈使句：肯定形式为“Let’sdosth.”，否定形式为“Let’snotdosth.”。例如：Let’sspendthisweekendinthecountryside.我们这周在乡下过周末吧。Let’stakeataxi,shallwe我们坐出租车吧，可以吗？

（3）无动词祈使句：在请求、命令和口号中，常用无动词祈使句，但它实际上是省略了动词，从而使语句更简洁有力。例如:

Just

a

minute,

please!请等一分钟！

This

way,

please!请这边走！2.情态动词表示推测

情态动词中must，can，

could,

may,

might这五个词常用于表示推测，而且推测的可能性依次减小。must的可能性最大，can

/

could次之，may

/

might最小。

（1）must意思是“一定、准是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。must表示推测只用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时，用can’t或couldn’t。例如：

He

must

be

American.

他准是个美国人。

He

can’t

know

my

address.

他肯定不知道我的地址。

（2）can/could表示推测“可能性”，可能性比must小，但仍然有潜在可能。can往往用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中表示现实可能性通常用could。例如：

That

can’t

be

true.

那不可能是真的。

You

could

be

right,

but

I

don’t

think

you

are.你可能是对的，但是我不认同。

（3）may,

might表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“可能、也许”，

might在语气上比may更委婉，表示的可能性更小。may,

might表示推测时，可以用于否定句，意思是“可能不、也许不”，但不用于疑问句。例如：

He

may

be

American.

他可能是美国人。

He

might

not

be

at

home.

他也许不在家。基础达标一、单项选择。1.—My

brother

won

the

first

prize

in

the

speech

competition.—Congratulations!

You

________

be

excited

about

that!(

)

BA.need

B.must

C.would2.The

lady

in

this

photo

________

be

over

fifty!

She

looks

so

young!

(

)

CA.mustn’t

B.must

C.can’t3.This

toy

Mickey

Mouse

________

be

Amy’s.

She’s

the

only

kid

at

the

picnic.(

)

AA.must

B.can

C.can’t4.I’m

very

________

that

our

country

is

becoming

stronger

and

stronger.(

)

BA.full

B.proud

C.careful5.—Look!Amanislyingontheroad.Shallwe________—No.Let’scall120first.()CA.cheer

him

on

B.lift

up

him

C.lift

him

up6.Tom,________,

or

you’ll

get

heavier.(

)

AA.don’t

eat

so

much

meatB.doesn’t

eat

so

much

meatC.don’t

play

football

any

more7.—Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow—Idon’tknow.It________bewindy,rainyorsunny.()BA.must

B.might

C.should8.It’s

too

dangerous.

You

must

________

the

fire.(

)

AA.keep

away

from

B.lift

up

C.look

after能力训练二、根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，完成短文。部分单词需要进行词形转换。fall

protect

keep

if

hidehurt

open

wall

cause

away

An

earthquake

usually

comes

without

warning.

It

is

dangerous,

but

you

can

do

something

to

1.

.

yourself

when

it

happens.protect

If

you

are

inside

when

the

earthquake

starts，you

can

2.

.

under

a

bed.

You

need

to

have

something

strong

around

you

to

protect

you

from

3.

.

things.

Don’t

stand

near

4.

.

or

windows.

If

you

are

outside,

get

to

an

5.

.

area

as

fast

as

you

can.

6.

.

away

from

buildings

and

trees.

7.

.

you

are

in

a

car,

stay

in

the

car.

If

you

are

close

to

the

sea,

try

to

get

as

far

8.

.

from

the

water

as

possible.

Earthquakes

can

9.

.

huge

waves

（海浪）.

The

waves

can

really

10.

.

the

people

around.hidefallingwallsopenKeepIfawaycausehurtfall

protect

keep

if

hidehurt

open

wall

cause

away素养提升三、阅读理解。Ahurricane（飓风）isabigstormthatstartsfromthesea.ThehurricaneseasonisusuallyfromJune1sttoNovember30th.HowdoesahurricanehappenAsthesunshines（照耀）onthesea,thewatergetshot.Thehotwaterstartstoevaporate（蒸发）.Asthecloudsgetbigwithevaporatedwater,theairaroundthecloudscanstarttomovefast.Whenthewindsaremovingat74milesperhourorfaster,thestormiscalledahurricane.

Many

hurricanes

never

reach

land.

But

when

a

hurricane

reaches

land,

it

can

damage

（损坏）

buildings,

trees

and

cars.

The

hurricane

can

also

cause

floods.

When

there

are

floods

in

villages,

there

will

be

a

lot

of

water

covering

the

ground,

making

houses

and

fields

under

water,

and

people

have

to

leave

their

homes

or

they

may

die.

You

should

be

careful

when

a

hurricane

is

coming.

☆

Listen

to

the

radio

or

watch

TV

for

important

information.

☆

If

your

house

isn’t

on

higher

ground,

go

to

a

higher

place

quickly.

☆

Have

enough

food

and

water

for

at

least

3

days

and

stay

indoors

until

it

is

safe

to

go

out.

☆

If

you’re

told

to

go

to

a

safer

place,

go

there

at

once.

根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。1.Inwhatseasondoesahurricaneusuallyhappen()BA.Spring.

B.Summer.

C.Winter.2.Whatistheorder（顺序）ofmakingahurricanehappen()B①The

clouds

get

big.②The

hot

water

evaporates.③The

air

around

the

clouds

moves

fast.④The

sea

water

gets

hot

because

of

the

sun.A.②④③①

B.④②①③

C.③①②④3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“floods”meaninChinese()AA.洪水

B.海啸

C.堰塞湖4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhelpyougetthroughahurricanesafely()AA.Enough

food

and

water.B.A

house

on

lower

ground.C.A

broken

TV.5.Wherecanyoufindthepassage()CA.In

a

dictionary.

B.In

a

storybook.

C.In

a

safe

guide.四、书面表达。

你们学校学生会准备办一期英语墙报，主题为“面对火灾如何自救”。请你根据下面提示，写一篇70词左右的英语短文。

内容提示：1.

保持镇定，不要大喊大叫；

2.当火势小时，第一时间用灭火器（fire

extinguisher）和水灭火（put

out

the

fire）；

3.有浓烟（thick

smoke）时，压低身体（lower

your

body），同时用湿毛巾（wet

towel）捂住口鼻，尽快逃离；

4.不要使用电梯，不要从高楼跳下；

5.最后不要忘记拨打119。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Whenyouareinafire,doyouknowwhattodoHere’ssomeadviceforyou.Firstofall,keepcalmanddon’tshoutorcry.Whilethefireissmall,trytoputitoutwithfireextinguishersandwater.Ifthereisthicksmoke,tryyourbesttoloweryourbody,andatthesametimeuseawettoweltocoveryourmouthandnose.Runawayasquicklyasyoucan.Don’tusetheliftanddon’tjumpoutofhighbuildings.Atlast,don’tforgettocall119.知识清单重点短语1._________急救firstaid2._______________在……的底部atthebottomof3.______________发出响声makeasound4._______痛苦inpain5.___________首先firstofall6.________找到findout7.____________________________做某事有困难havetrouble（in）doingsth.8._____________大声呼救shoutforhelp13.____________确保makesure14._____________用……覆盖……cover…with…15._____________如此……以至于……such…that16._________________警告某人某事warnsb.aboutsth.17._____________跳下jumpoutof18.__________保持冷静keepcalm9._____________________让他舒服些makehimcomfortable10._________扶某人起来liftsb.up11.________________让某人坐椅子上sitsb.onchair12.__________________________做一些基本的医疗训练dosomebasicmedicaltraining19.________________远离stayawayfrom20.____________不要靠近keepclearof21.______________停止摇晃stopshaking22.____________小心，当心becarefulof23.______________落石fallingrocks24.__________在沙滩上onabeach25.________________跑离runawayfrom26.________总而言之inshort重点句型1.______________________让我们来想象一次意外事故。Let’simagineanaccident.2.__________________________________一个男孩正躺在楼梯的下面。Aboyislyingatthebottomofthestairs.3.________________________________________________但是他有可能听不见你的问话或者无法跟你说话。Buthecouldhavetroublehearingyouorspeakingtoyou.4.________________________________________