北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量检测英语试题2

北京市朝阳区2023~2024学年度第一学期期末质量检测高一英语(考试时间100分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Onawinterafternoon,afriendandIwerethrowingstonesontotheroofofanoldlady’shouse.Weaimedtoseehowthestones___1___tofallingstarsastheyrolledofftheroofandshotintotheyard.Ifoundaperfectlysmoothrock.Itwastoosmooth,however,soitslipped(滑落)frommyhandasIthrewitandit___2___forasmallwindowofthehouse.Hearingthesoundofbreakingglass,IknewIwas___3___.Iwastooscaredaboutgettingcaughtthatnighttobe___4___abouttheoldladywiththebrokenwindowinsuchacoldwinter.However,afewdayslater,Istartedtofeelsorryforher___5___.Shestillgreetedmeeachdaywithasmile.ImadeupmymindthatIwouldsavemypaperdeliverymoneytomakeupforwhatIdid.Finally,Imadeit.IputthemoneyinanenvelopewithanoteexplainingthatIwassorryforbreakingherwindowandhopedthatthesevendollarswouldbeenoughto___6___thecost.Iwaiteduntilitwasdark.Iwentuptoherhouse___7___andputtheletterIdidn’tsigninherdoorinsecret.Atthatmoment,IfeltthatIcouldhavethe___8___,onceagain,tolookintotheoldlady’skindeyes.Thenextday,Ihandedherthepaperandwasableto___9___herwarmsmile.Shethankedmeandgavemeabagofcookies.Afterseveralcookies,Ifeltanenvelope.WhenIopenedit,Iwas____10____toseethesevendollarsandashortnotethatsaid,“I’mproudofyou.”1.A.ran B.jumped C.changed D.added2.A.waited B.headed C.looked D.called3.A.introuble B.intears C.inrelief D.indanger4.A.nervous B.careful C.serious D.concerned5.Achallenge B.suffering C.pressure D.sadness6.A.cover B.cut C.raise D.count7.A.humbly B.painfully C.quietly D.proudly8.Apatience B.desire C.courage D.inspiration9.A.record B.return C.reward D.realize10.A.eager B.excited C.stressed D.surprised第二节选词填空(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。duetobeaddictedtoliveuptoratherthanmakeanefforttakeadvantageofrepresenthaveanimpactonenabledealwith11.Theredlinesonthemap______railways.12.Thismoneywould_____metoopenmyownbusiness.13.Thesmokeintheairwas______awildfireinthenearbyforest.14.Youshould______thehotel’sgymandpoolwhileyou’rethere.15.One’sgeneralknowledgeabouthealth______theirlifestylechoices.16Tim______coffeeandcan’tdoanythinginthemorninguntilhe’shadsome.17.Thegirlhasfailedto______theproblemofhomesicknesswhiletravelingabroad.18.Afterlosingthegame,he______tohidehisdisappointment,butweallsawitinhisface.19.We’veheardlotsofgoodnewsabouttherestaurantanditsfood______ourexpectationtoo.20.______drivingaroundalldaylookingforplacestopark,whydon’tyoutakeabusintotown?第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式琪空。21.Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessor________viewsarewidelyrespected.（用适当的词填空）22.Thelittlegirl______(cry)herheartoutbecauseshehadlosthertoybear.(所给词的适当形式填空)23.Tomwasmyleaderandhepromisedthathe______(help)meifnecessary.(所给词的适当形式填空)24.Wewere______(amaze)toseeJohnlookingsowell,sosoonafterhisoperation.(所给词的适当形式填空)25.WhenIwenttopayhimavisitinthehospital,he______(examine)bythedoctor.(所给词的适当形式填空)26.Heimaginedallsortsof______(excite)thingsaboutstudyingandlivingincollege.(所给词的适当形式填空)27.Afteraheateddiscussion,wecameupwiththeway______(solve)thefundingproblem.(所给词的适当形式填空)28.WhenababyisonemontholdinChina,aFullMoonceremony______(hold)tocelebrateit.(所给词的适当形式填空)29.Theywereimpressedbytheschools______theyhadvisitedinthepoorvillageanddecidedtohelpthem.(用适当的词填空)30.Itisabigchallenge______(find)andkeeptherightbalancebetweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsites.(所给词的适当形式填空)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATePapaTongarewaTePapaTongarewaisthemuseumofart,science,andthenaturalhistoryofNewZealand.Thenametranslatesto“ourcontaineroftreasuredthingsandpeoplethatspringfrommotherearthhereinNewZealand”.TePapaisopeneverydayfrom10amto6pm,exceptonChristmasDay.Admissionisfreeforeveryone,butchargesapplytocertainexhibitionsandevents.·GuidedtoursIntroducingTePapaTourwillgiveyouagreatopportunitytounderstandthevariousviewsandculturesyouwillmeetthroughoutNewZealand.TePapa@TwilightTourisanexcellentchoicetoavoidthecrowdsanddiscoverTePapa’shighlightsasthesunbeginstoset.Youcandiscussourdiversenaturalenvironment,andthecontinuedgrowthofMaoriculturewithaprivateguide.TakeajourneywithMaoriExperienceKinakiTour,todiscoverhowfirstpeoplesofthelandhaveformeduniquefoodsprovidedbythenaturalworld.Thetourwillconcludewithasharedkai,traditionallyinspiredfoodtasting.·PlananeducationvisitIfyouareaneducator,choosefromourrangeofeducationprogrammes.Eachcanbeadaptedtoyourneeds.Bothinpersonandvirtualvisitsareaccessible.Weremendbookingatleasttwoweeksaheadoftime.Duringthevisit,werequireyoutobringadultstosupervise(管理)studentscloselyasyouareresponsiblefortheirsafety.Foodanddrinks(exceptbottledwater)arenotallowedinexhibitionareasSchoolsareweletoeatlunchintheoutdoorcourtyard.Youmayalsochoosetobuylunchesfromourcaféandareweletousecafespacetoeat.31.Accordingtothepassage,TePapaTongarewa______.A.showslocalcollections B.isfullofworldwidetreasuresC.hostsalltheeventsforfree D.isopenthewholeyearround32.WhichtripofTePapaofferstypicaltraditionalfood?A.IntroducingTePapaTour. B.TePapa@TwilightTour.C.Aneducationprogramme. D.MaoriExperienceKinakiTour.33.ForaneducationvisittoTePapa_____.A.bookingaweekaheadisrequired B.themuseumensuresstudents’safelyC.eatinginexhibitionareasisaccepted D.themuseumsupportspersonalizedserviceBHanselEnmanuel,a19yearoldbasketballplayer,hasdrawnattentionaftervideosspreadquicklyshowinghisawesomeskills,likemaking3pointshotsanddunking(灌篮)withease.Allwithjusthisrightarm.Itlooksalmosteffortlesswhenheplays.However,it’snot.Itneverhasbeen.Enmanuelwas6whenhewasclimbingawall.Itfelloverhim,bricksandblocksonhisleftarm.Hewasrushedtothehospital,butthedoctorcouldn’tsavehisarmanditwascutoffseveralinchesbelowtheshoulder.ItwasadarktimeforEnmanuelandhisfamily.Slowlythingsgotbetterforthelittleboy.Hestillremembersthefirsttimehetiedhisshoes.Just7,Enmanuelwaswaitingforhismothertodoitforhim,butshewasbusycooking.“Iwaslike,nevermind,I’mgoingtostart,”hesaidinarecentinterview.“Itoldmyselfletmetry.Iwastrying.ThenImadeit.”“SoIwasexcited,excitedlikecrazy,”headded.Smallthingsbecamehugevictories.Monthsafterthat,Enmanueltriedbasketball,too.Butit’snotaneasypath.Hismissingarmlefthimlackingbalance.Everytimehetriedtorun,he’dcrashtotheground,fallingondebris(碎片)coveredacrossthecourtsheplayedon.Thesefallslefthimwithnumerousscars(疤痕).Intheinterview,Enmanuelpointedtothescarafterscardownthelengthoftheleg,remindersofahardtimethathasbroughthimtoexcellenceinbasketballskills.Enmanuelfirstdunkedat14,anditwasn’tlongbeforehispopularitygrewwiththeviewsonhisvideos.Butitwasn’tthehighlightvideosthatinterestedhiscoach,CoreyGipson.HelikedEnmanuel’sattitudeandthewayhecarriedhimselfonthecourt.“Hanselisaverytoughperson,”Gipsonsaid.“Whenyouseehimonthefloor,youjustseeanunstoppableforcethatdoesn’ttakeanythingforgranted(理所应当).”“I’mnotspecial,”Enmanuelsaid.“I’mnotdifferentthannobody.TheonlydifferenceisthatI’vegotonearm,butthat’snotdifferent.”34.WhatfirstencouragedEnmanueltorecoverfromtheaccident?A.Thehelpfromhisdoctor. B.Managingtotiehisshoes.C.Videosonhisshotsanddunking. D.Theattentionfromhismother.35.Enmanuelpointedtoscarsonhislegmainlytoshowhis______.A.success B.health C.efforts D.petence36.WhatinterestedEnmanuel’scoachmost?A.Hisresponsetodifficulties. B.Hisgreatsenseofbalance.C.Hisconfidenceonthecourt. D.Hispopularityonsocialmedia.37.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.B.Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.C.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.D.Youcanmakeadifferencebybeingdifferent.CEarlierfindingsaboutsharkshaveshownthattheycouldlearnskillsfromeachother.Recently,VeraSchluesselattheUniversityofBonninGermanyandhercolleagueshavedoneresearchonhowwell12bamboosharkscouldrecognize(认出)differentnumbersofobjects.Eachsharkwasputinatrainingpoolwithpicturesoftwodifferentgroupsofgeometric(几何图形的)shapesprojectedontoawallTheteamthencycledthroughatleast40objectsofdifferentshapesandshadestoensurethesharksweren’tsimplypickinguponthedarknessoftheobjectsortheareaofwalltheycovered.Aroundhalfthesharkslearnedtoreliablypresstheirnoseagainsttheimagewiththemostobjects,afterwhichtheywererewardedwithfood.Thesesharksonlyseemedabletopickoutthebiggergroupifitcontainedatleasttwomoreobjectsthanthesmallerone.Thismaybebecausethedifferencebetweensixandsevenfishorpredators(捕食者)isunimportantinthewild,saysSchluessel.Thereasonnotallthesharkslearnedhowtodothetaskcouldbethatthey,likeallanimals,havedifferencesinintelligence(智力).Sharksjoinagrowingnumberofanimalsthathavebeendiscoveredtohavesimilarskillsatdistinguishingquantities,includingblackbears,guppiesandrhesusmonkeys.Inoneexperiment,dogsandwolveswereabletoreliablypickthelargeroftwogroups.Butdogscouldonlydosowhenoneofthegroupshadfarmoreobjects.Somesharkspeciesaresociallearnersandcanperformataskinatankmorequicklyiftheywatchanothersharkthathasalreadybeentrainedtodoit.Thischallengestheimageofsharksasmindless,solitarycreatures.Justlikehumans,sharkslearnfromtheirownexperiencesandfailures.Andjustaswedo,sharkscanlearnfromeachother’sexperiencestoo,saysCatarinaVilaPoucaatMacquarieUniversityinAustralia.“Beingabletolearnfromothersisenormouslybeneficial.Notonlydoesitsavetime,butwatchinganothershark’ssuccessatfeedingorfailuretoescapepredatorscouldbeamatteroflifeordeath.”Schluesselandhercolleagueshavealsopreviouslyfoundthatbamboosharkshaveanadvancedabilitytorecognizecategories,suchassnailsorfish,enablingthemtogetatreatevenifpictureslookremarkablysimilar.Thisissimilartoourabilitytolookatagoldfishandasalmonandknowthattheyarethesametypeofthing,eventhoughoneis30timesthesizeoftheother.38.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesharksintherecentresearch?A.Theyaretrainedtorecognizetheshapes.B.Theyarecapableoftellingmorefromless.C.Theycanidentifyobjectsduetotherewards.D.Theyarenobetterthandogsintellingnumbers.39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solitary”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Selfish. B.Lonely. C.Risky. D.Lazy.40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toshowhowsharkslearnfromeachother.B.Toexplainhowsharksandhumansarealike.C.Toprovethatsharksaresmarterthantheylook.D.Topresenttheimportanceofnumbersforsharks.DDespitedecadesofresearch,disordersofthebrainhaveprovedespeciallydifficulttotreat.Thereisschizophrenia(精神分裂症),whichhasnotseenabreakthroughformorethan60years,sincethediscoveryofchlorpromazine—whichhappenedlargelybychance.Butthestoryofchlorpromazineoffersapowerfullesson:originallyanantihistamine(抗过敏药),itwasrepurposedasamedicineforschizophrenia.Asascientistwhohasstudiedschizophreniafordecades,Iamconvincedthatwecouldhavesimilarsuccesseswithothermedicinesalreadyonourshelves.BecauseanexistingdrughasalreadypassedFoodandDrugAdministrationtests(FDAapproved),successfullyrepurposingitcouldtakelessthanhalfoftheestimated13yearsandsignificantlylessthantheaverage$2billionto$3billioncostofdevelopingasingledrugfromnothing.ThethousandsofFDAapproveddrugsthusrepresentavastresourcethatcanpossiblybeadaptedtotargetanynumberofconditions.Butthispossibilityislargelyunexplored,inpartbecausedrugpaniesalwayshavetorestructuretheirResearchandDevelopment(R&D)programstolookatotherdiseases.TherearealsothousandsofdrugsthatarenotFDAapproved.Whenapanydiscontinuesdevelopmentofadrug,whateverresearchersknowislockedupinthatpany’sfilesandmightaswellbelost.Scientistsneedaccess(使用机会)tothisinformation.Ifthisinformationcouldbedirectedintoacentralizedresource,itwouldbegreatnews.Researcherscouldemploythelatesttoolsinbioinformatics,datascienceandmachinelearningtouncovermonmolecular(分子的)themesamongorbetweendiseasesandpromisingdrugs.Yetmanydrugpaniesarestillunwillingtorevealanythingthatmightputtheircopyrightsatrisk.Evenacademicsmayhesitatetosharewithpetinglaboratories.Tocopewiththis,organizationsliketheFDAmustdevelopmotivationsforsharingdata,suchasbycreatinglegalsafeguardsforprivacyandmercialinterests.Thesemotivationscouldthenopenthefloodgatesforeasytouse,openplatformsforefficientlysharingandminingdata.Thiswouldnothavebeenpossiblefiveyearsago.Butnowisacriticalmoment,andwehaveneverbeenclosertorealbreakthroughs.Inmylab,wearetestingcertaincancerdrugsthatrestoresomeofthebiologicalprocessesthataredisturbedinschizophrenia.Wewanttoseeifthedrugshavethesamerestorativefeaturesinthebraincellsofschizophreniapatients.Thisisaproofoftheideathatasystematicandstrategicapproachtodrugrepurposingcouldactuallymovetheneedle.Thereisnotimetowaste.Whatweneediscooperationfromdrugpaniesandacademicscientistsalike—andaccesstothelifesavingdatatheyhold.41.Whydoestheauthormentionchlorpromazineinthefirstparagraph?A.Tostressthedifficultyintreatingbraindisorders.B.Toexplainmedicalprogresscouldhappenbyluck.C.TointroduceamedicinebreakthroughinmedicalhistoryD.Toshowamedicineforacertainillnesscantreatanotherdisease.42.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Informationarisingfromdrugdevelopmentcanbewasted.B.Theundevelopedfunctionsofpresentmedicinesareovervalued.C.WeshouldtreasureFDAapproveddrugsmorethantheunapproved.D.Studyingexistingdrugsismorelikelytosucceedthandevelopingnewones.43.Asfordrugpanies’beingunwillingtoshare,theauthoris_______.A.supportive B.negative C.understanding D.uncertain44.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.NewDrugsfromOld B.AccesstoLifesavingDataC.BetweenDrugpaniesandScientists. D.BeforeandAfterMedicalBreakthroughs第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Formanypeople,beingconnectedinthedigitalworldisjustapartpfeverydaylife.However,therearemanytimeswhenyoumightwanttogiveupyourdigitaldevices.____45____Whatisadigitaldetox?Adigitaldetoxreferstoaperiodwhenapersonstopsusingtechdevicessuchassmartphones,puters,andsocialmedia.Itisoftenseenasawaytofocusonreallifesocialinteractionswithoutdisturbing.Thereareavarietyofformsofdetoxing.____46____Also,youcantryaspecificdetox—limitingtheuseofoneappordigitaltoolthatistakinguptoomuchofyourtime.Whydoyouneedadigitaldetox?Manyexpertsbelievethattechanddeviceoverusecanleadtophysicalandmentalproblems.OnestudypublishedonGlobalPediatricHealthsuggestedthatchildrenwhouseddigitaldevicesatbedtimehadsignificantlyworseandlesssleep.____47____Besides,heavydeviceusemayberelatedtomentalhealthconcerns.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniarecentlypublishedastudylinkingtheuseofsocialmediatoincreasedstresslevelandsymptoms(症状)ofdepressionandloneliness.____48____Formanypeople,pletelygivingupallformsofdigitalmunicationmightnotbepossible,particularlythosewhodependonthemforworkorschool.So,thefirstkeyistoberealistic.Ifyouneedyourdevicesduringthedayforyourjob,trydoingaminidetoxatnight.____49____Anotherwayistoremovethingsthatdisturbyou.Trytoturnoffpushnotifications(通知)onyourphoneorleaveyourphoneathomewhenyouarehavingdinnerwithfriends.Ofcourse,youcanalsotellyourfriendsandfamilythatyouareonadigitaldetoxandaskfortheirhelp,orkeepajournaltotrackyourprogresstoensureamoresuccessfuldetox.A.Howdoyoudoadigitaldetox?B.Inthiscase,youmightaswelltryadigitaldetox.C.Whatarethekeystogivingupalldigitalmunication?D.Italsofoundaconnectionbetweennighttimetechuseandeyesightproblem.E.Doingaminidetoxisonewaytosetlimitsandreduceyourfearofmissingout.F.Duringthattime,youcanturnoffyourdevicesandspendaneveningfreeofelectronics.G.Oneofthemisadigitalfast,whichmeansgivingupalldigitaldevicesforaperiodoftime.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Nowadays,peoplearespendingmorehoursonwork.However,takingsometimeoffisimportantforrefreshingyourselves.Ifyou’rehavingtroublemakingtimeforabreak,therecentresearchbytheUCLA’sAndersonSchoolsuggeststhattreatingyourweekendslikeavacationcanmakeyouhappier.Thefindingsarebasedonaseriesofexperiments.Inonestudyof441workers,halfofthetestsubjectswereinstructedtohaveanormalweekend,whiletheothershadto“treattheirweekendlikeavacation.”ThenextMonday,theweekendvacationersreportedthattheyfelthappierandweregenerallymoresatisfiedthanthosewhohadhadanormalweekend.Thevacationersalsoreportedtheyspentmoremoneyinvacationmode—about$130paredto$104.Butitwasn’tthemoneythatboughtthemhappiness.Theresearcherscontrolledfortheamountofmoneybothgroupscouldspend.Thevacationerswerestillhappierthantheoneswhohadexperienceda