高中英语外研版必修第二册Unit 4 Period 3　Using language--ing as adverbial

Period3Usinglanguage—-ingasadverbial感知以下课文原句，并完成方框下面的练习1．HavingseenquiteafewproductionsofHamletandreadtheplaymanytimes，Iwasfullofconfidence—untilthePekingOperacametotown!2．Datingbacktothe18thcentury，PekingOperahasovertwohundredyearsofhistory.3．Usingsuchtechniques，theoperahadtransformedasmallstageintothewholeuniverse.1．加黑部分组成的短语在句子中作时间状语的是句2；作原因状语的是句1；作方式状语的是句3。现在分词作状语往往可以和状语从句进行转换。2．句1中，v.-ing形式为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。句2和3中现在分词与句子谓语动词动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生。3．观察句1－3可知，现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的主语，现在分词所表示的动作和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。一、现在分词的基本形式1．现在分词的一般式：doing表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生。Hearingthenewsofwar，soldierstookuparmstodefendtheircountry.听闻战争的消息，士兵们拿起武器保卫自己的国家。2．现在分词的完成式：havingdone表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。Havingreturnedfromalongbikeride，hewastiredandsweaty.骑了很长时间的车回来后，他很疲惫，汗流浃背。3．现在分词的否定式，在其前加not。Nothavingheardfromhersonforalongtime，themotherworriedagreatdeal.由于长时间没有收到儿子的信，母亲非常担心。4．现在分词的被动式：beingdone表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生的被动动作；havingbeendone表示发生在谓语动词的动作之前的被动动作。Beingreconstructed，thetowerisnotavailablenow.塔楼正在重建，现在不能参观。Havingbeeninvolvedinthecrime，hewasputintoprison.由于被卷入犯罪，他被投进监狱。二、现在分词作状语的基本用法现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1．时间状语现在分词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when，while，after引出。Hearingtheresult(＝WhenIheardtheresult)，Icouldn'thelpjumping.听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。Havingmadefullpreparations(＝Afterwehavemadefullpreparations)，wearereadyfortheexamination.做了充分的准备之后，我们准备好参加考试了。2．原因状语可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换。Beingsoexcited(＝Ashewassoexcited)，hecouldn'tgotosleepthatnight.由于非常激动，那晚他无法入睡。Havinglivedinthecityformanyyears(＝SinceIhadlivedinthecityformanyyears)，Iknewitwell.因为在这座城市住了许多年，所以我对它很了解。3．条件状语可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。Workinghardatyourlessons(＝Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons)，youwillsucceed.如果你努力学习，就会成功。Notmakinggooduseofthetime(＝Unlessyoumakegooduseofthetime)，you'llregret.如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。4．方式或伴随状语不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。Thegirlscameintotheclassroom，singinganddancing(＝andtheysanganddanced)．女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。Helayonthegrass，staringattheskyforalongtime(＝andstaredattheskyforalongtime)．他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。5．结果状语表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。Hisparentsgotkilledintheearthquake，leavinghimanorphan(＝andlefthimanorphan/whichlefthimanorphan)．他的父母在地震中丧生，使他成了孤儿。不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别：现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，常与only连用，表示一种失望、惊讶的感情色彩。Fifteenmilliontreeswereblowndownbythehighwinds，blockingroads，pathsandrailwaylines.1500万棵树被狂风刮倒，把大小道路和铁路都堵塞了。Ihurriedtothebookingoffice，onlytobetoldthattheticketshadbeensoldout.我匆忙赶到售票处，结果却被告知票已售罄。6．让步状语可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。Knowingallthis(＝Although/Thoughtheyknewallthis)，theystillmademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。Havingmadeupmymind(＝Although/ThoughIhadmadeupmymind)，Istillwantedtoplay.尽管我已下定决心，我仍然想玩。三、现在分词作状语的注意事项1．逻辑主语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。Beingill，hedidn'tattendthewedding.因为生病，他没有出席婚礼。(he与beingill是逻辑上的主谓关系→Hewasill.)2．独立主格结构有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语，这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的，因此又叫独立主格结构，其构成形式是“名词/代词＋v.-ing”。Shebeingill，hermotherhadtolookafterherathome.她生病了，她母亲不得不在家照顾她。3．独立成分作状语有些现在分词作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：generallyspeaking一般说来strictlyspeaking严格说来judgingfrom/by根据……来判断considering.../oconsideration考虑到……supposing假设；如果providing如果assuming假使Generallyspeaking，asaforeignlanguage，ChineseismoredifficulttolearnthanEnglish.一般说来，作为一门外语，汉语要比英语更难学。Judgingfrom/byhistone，there'snodoubtheisagainstit.听他的话音便知，毫无疑问他是反对的。4．连词＋现在分词由when/while/after/before/once/if/though/unless等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋现在分词”的结构形式。Thoughlackingmoney，hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.＝Thoughtheylackedmoney，hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。教材听力训练(见课堂精彩PPT)根据汉语提示补全短文IparticipatedintheEnglishspeechcontestheldinourschoolyesterday.Atfirst，Ididn'thavethecouragetosignupforitbecausemyspokenEnglishispoor.However,1.havingbeenencouragedbymybestfriendMaisy(被我最好的朋友Maisy鼓励)，Idecidedtohaveatryatlast.2.SpendingaboutthreehoursadaypracticingwithMaisy(每天花大约三个小时与Maisy一起练习)，Imadegreatprogress.Beforethecontest，Maisygavemeabighug,3.givingmeconfidence(给了我信心)．Unexpectedly，themicrophonedidn'twork,4.makingmeawkward(使我尴尬).5.Feelingextremelynervous(感到极其紧张)，Ididn'tknowwhattodo.Luckily，MaisygavemeanothermicrophoneandIcontinuedwithmyspeech.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhilecrossing(cross)thestreet.2．Shecameintotheroom，carrying(carry)apieceofequipment.3．Hearing/Havingheard(hear)thenews，hecouldn'tholdbackhisanger.4．Havingbeenpraised(praise)forthejob，Tomfeltproudofhimselfandworkedharder.5．Turning(turn)totheright，youwillfindapathleadingtohishome.6．Hewascaughtintherainonhiswaybackhome，making(make)himselfcatchacold.7．Nothavingbeeninvited(not，invite)totheparty，shefeltratherdisappointed.8．Hehurriedtotheairport，onlytofind(find)thattheplanehadalreadytakenoff.9．Icanassurethatworking(work)harderatEnglish，you'llmakeyourlifeabroadeasier.10．Thepolicearemakingeffortstosearchforthelostboy，giving(give)hisparentsarayofhope.Ⅱ.句型转换1．Shedidn'tfinishherworkintime.Thebossfiredher.→Nothavingfinishedherworkintime，thebossfiredher.2．Whilehewasreadingthebook，hefellasleep.→Whilereadingthebook，hefellasleep.3．Hedroppedtheglassontotheground，andasaresultbrokeitintopieces.→Hedroppedtheglassontotheground，thusbreakingitintopieces.4．Afterwehadbeenshownaroundthelabs，weweretakentoseethelibrary.→Havingbeenshownaroundthelabs，weweretakentoseethelibrary.5．Ifyousetoffearlier，you'llgettothetownatdusk.→Settingoffearlier，you'llgettothetownatdusk.Ⅲ.阅读理解Areyouamoviegoer?If，likeme，you'reafanoffilm，thenthere'snobetterplacetowatchsomethingthanonthebigscreenatthecinema.Youenterthedarktheatreandtakeyourseat，readytobeentertained.Butwhileyouareabsorbedinsomemoviemagic，manyothersarenowgettingtheirfilmfixedathome.Overthelastfewyears，cinemashaveseenacomeback.Customershavebeenattractedbycomfortableseats，andlotsofchoiceofthingstowatch.Multiplexes(多映厅影院)inparticularcanscreenuptotwentyfilmsatthesametime，suitingalldifferenttastes.Inaddition,3Dandeven4Dmoviescangivetheaudienceanextraimmersiveexperience.Sowhat'snottolikeaboutatriptothecinema?Oneanswertothatquestionisconvenience.Ratherthangoingout，it'ssomucheasiertostayinandwatcharomanticcomedyoractionmovieonahigh-definitionTVscreenviaastreamingservice.There'splentyofchoice，andit'srelativelycheapaswell.But，personally，Ifindtherearetoomanydistractions，andwatchingathomeisnotsuchanevent.Imissthecinema!Thecoronaviruspandemichasputthefutureofcinemaunderthespotlight.Somehavehadtoclosebecauseofreducedticketsales.IntheUK，it'sbroughtaboutasurgeinTVwatchingandonlinestreaming.It'sreportedthathalfofUKadultswillkeepandcontinueusingtheirnewstreamingsubscriptions.Thisisn'tgreatnewsforcinemas.Theyrelyonthereleaseofabigblockbuster(大片)tobringthecrowdsback，butthelaunchofnewfilms，suchasJamesBond:NoTimeToDie，arebeingdelayed.Disneyhasreleasedits$200mblockbuster，Mulan，onlineinsteadofinmovietheatres.JohnFithian，fromtheNationalAssociationofTheatreOwners，toldVarietyMagazine：“Thisideaofwaitingoutthepandemictomakeyourmoviesmoreprofitabledoesn'tmakesensetome.Therewon'tbeasmuchofanindustrylefttoplayyourmoviesinifyoudothat.”语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在电影院看电影的一些好处以及新冠肺炎给电影院行业带来的一些影响。1．What'smainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2?A．Whypeopledon'tliketogotocinema.B．Whathashelpedcinemasmakeacomeback.C．Howcinemashavedevelopedinthelastfewyears.D．Whethercinemascanremainpopularinthefuture.答案B解析段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Customershavebeenattractedbycomfortableseats，andlotsofchoiceofthingstowatch.Multiplexes(多映厅影院)inparticularcanscreenuptotwentyfilmsatthesametime，suitingalldifferenttastes.Inaddition,3Dandeven4Dmoviescangivetheaudienceanextraimmersiveexperience.”可知，第二段主要讲了电影院再次兴起的原因。故选B。2．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwatchingfilmsathome?A．Itcanhardlysuitalldifferenttastes.B．It'stime-consumingduetovariousdistractions.C．Itoffersaudienceavarietyoffilmsfreeofcharge.D．It'snotasenjoyableanexperienceasgoingtocinemas.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But，personally，Ifindtherearetoomanydistractions，andwatchingathomeisnotsuchanevent.Imissthecinema！”可推知，作者认为在家看电影不像去电影院看电影那样令人愉快。故选D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surge”inParagraph4mean?A．Potentialinfluence.B．Short-termbenefit.C．Suddenincrease.D．Fiercecompetition.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句上文“Thecoronaviruspandemichasputthefutureofcinemaunderthespotlight.Somehavehadtoclosebecauseofreducedticketsales.”以及后文“It'sreportedthathalfofUKadultswillkeepandcontinueusingtheirnewstreamingsubscriptions.”可知，新冠肺炎导致了在线流媒体的激增和电视观看量的突然增加，画线词意思是“突然增加”。故选C。4．WhichviewwouldJohnFithianagreewith?A．Thereleaseofblockbusterscannotbringthecrowdsback.B．Releasingfilmsonlineisanalternativeduringthepandemic.C．Thepandemichasn'thadagreatimpactonthefilmindustry.D．Delayingthereleaseofblockbusterscanbringinmoreprofits.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“JohnFithian，fromtheNationalAssociationofTheatreOwners，toldVarietyMagazine：‘Thisideaofwaitingoutthepandemictomakeyourmoviesmoreprofitabledoesn'tmakesensetome.Therewon'tbeasmuchofanindustrylefttoplayyourmoviesinifyoudothat.’”可推知，JohnFithian会同意B选项“在大流行病期间在网上放映电影是一种替代选择”的观点。故选B。Ⅳ.完形填空AroundtwentyyearsagoIwaslivinginNewYork.1IhadalotofexperienceandaMaster'sdegree，Icouldn'tfinda2job.Iwasdrivingaschoolbustomakeendsmeetand3withafriend，forIhadlostmyflat.Ihad4fiveinterviewswithacompanybuttheysaidIdidnotgetthejob.“Whyhasmylifebecomeso5？”Ithoughtpainfully.AsIpulledthebusoverto6alittlegirl，shehandedmeanearring，7Ishouldkeepit8somebodyclaimed(认领)it.Theearringwaspaintedblackandsaid“BEHAPPY”．AtfirstIgotangry.Thenithitme—Ihadbeengivingallofmy9towhatwasgoingwrongwithmy10ratherthanwhatwasright！Idecidedtomakea11offiftythingsIwashappywith.Later，Idecidedto12morethingstothelist.Thatnighttherewasaphonecallformefromadirectoratalarge13.SheaskedmeifIwouldgivealecture14stressmanagementto200medicalworkers.Isaidyes.My15therewentverywell，andbeforelongIgotawell-paidjob.TothisdayIknowthatitwasbecauseIchangedmywayofthinkingthatIcompletelychangedmylife.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者二十年前在纽约居住时找不到满意的工作，以开校车为生，但一位小女孩捡到的一只耳环让他醒悟，作者改变了对生活的看法，最终找到了理想的工作。1．A.As B．ThoughC．If D．When答案B解析句意为：尽管我阅历丰富，也有硕士学位，但我还是找不到令人满意的工作。as正如；though尽管；if如果；when当……的时候。though表示让步关系，故选B。2．A.successful B．extraC．satisfying D．convenient答案C解析见上题句意解析。successful成功的；extra额外的；satisfying令人满意的；convenient方便的。故选C。3．A.working B．travellingC．discussing D．living答案D解析句意为：我靠开校车来维持生计并且和朋友住在一起。work工作；travel旅游；discuss讨论；live居住。故选D。4．A.preparedfor B．attendedC．askedfor D．held答案B解析句意为：我参加了五次面试。preparefor为……做准备；attend参加；askfor询问；hold举行。故选B。5．A.hard B．busyC．serious D．short答案A解析句意为：我的生活为什么会变得如此艰难？hard艰难的；busy繁忙的；serious严重的；short短的。故选A。6．A.waveat B．dropoffC．callon D．lookfor答案B解析句意为：当我停车让小女孩下车时，她交给我一个耳环。waveat朝……挥手；dropoff下车；callon号召；lookfor寻找。故选B。7．A.ordering B．promisingC．saying D．showing答案C解析句意为：小女孩交给我一个耳环，说让我保管以备有人来认领。order命令；promise答应；say说；show展示。故选C。8．A.incase B．orelseC．asif D．nowthat答案A解析见上题句意解析。incase万一，以防；orelse否则；asif好像；nowthat既然。故选A。9．A.feelings B．attentionC．strength D．interests答案B解析句意为：我把一切注意力都用来关注生活中的不顺而没有关注好的方面。feeling感觉；attention注意；strength力量，力气；interest兴趣。giveattentionto意为“关注……”。故选B。10．A.opinions B．educationC．experiences D．life答案D解析见上题句意解析。opinion观点；education教育；experience经验；life生活。故选D。11．A.list B．bookC．check D．copy答案A解析句意为：我决定列出50件快乐的事情。makealistof意为“列出……的清单”，此处与后文中的“morethingstothelist”呼应。故选A。12．A.connect B．turnC．keep D．add答案D解析句意为：我决定在清单上增加更多的事情。connect连接；turn转向；keep保持；add增加。故选D。13．A.hospital B．factoryC．restaurant D．hotel答案A解析hospital医院；factory工厂；restaurant餐厅；hotel旅馆。由下文中的“to200medicalworkers”可知，此处指接到了医院领导的电话。故选A。14．A.for B．withC．on D．beyond答案C解析句意为：她问我是否能给200名医务人员做有关压力管理的讲座。介词on在此表示“关于”，符合句意。故选C。15．A.plan B．choiceC．day D．tour答案C解析句意为：那一天我过得很快乐。plan计划；choice选择；day一天；tour旅游。故选C。Ⅴ.语法填空Itookashortflighttheotherday.Thepassengersontheplane1.(offer)anin-flightsnack—asandwichwhichcontaineddairyandmeat.SinceI2.(feel)totallyfullatthattimeoftheday，Iputitinmybag.Ihopedlaterthatday，Imaycomeacrossahomelessperson，to3.thissandwichma