2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）UNIT 4 Grammar and usage教学课件

Unit4NevertoooldtolearnGrammarandusageAnalysisofcomplicatedsentencesThinkaboutthefollowingquestions.1.Haveyoueverknownvocationaleducation?2.Whatwillstudentsreceivingvocationaleducationlearn?3.Whatisyourattitudetowardsvocationaleducation?Lead-inExploringtherulesVocationaleducationgenerallypreparespeopletoworkinaspecificoccupationbyteachingtheoryintheclassroomandofferinghands-ontrainingintheworkplace.1.ReadthearticleonPage48andanswerthefollowingquestion.Whatisvocationaleducation?2.Findsimplesentences,compoundsentences,complexsentencesandcompound-complexsentencesinthetextandfillinthetableofPartA.Simplesentence1,2,Compoundsentence4,7Complexsentence3,5,6,8,9Compound-complexsentence10Exploringtherules3.Readandcomparethefollowingsentences.Accordingtoonevocationalschoolstudent,theyarenowencouragedto“learnbydoing”and“learnthroughtrialanderror”,andtheyfocusmoreonhowtocompleteanassignmentratherthanjustmemorizingwhatteacherssayinclass.(2)Accordingtoonevocationalschoolstudent,theyarenowencouragedto“learnbydoing”and“learnthroughtrialanderror”.Theyfocusmoreonhowtocompleteanassignmentratherthanjustmemorizingwhatteacherssayinclass.Exploringtherules4.WorkouttherulesonPage48.Asentenceinwhichbothcoordinationandsubordinationoccuriscalledacompound-complex

sentence.Identifyinglinkingwordsanddeterminingthefunctionsofclausesarehelpfulinanalysingcomplicatedsentences.Exploringtherules1.CouldyourewritethesentencesinB1onPage49usingcorrectlinkingwords?(1)Iwasaskedtowritea2,000-wordessay.Idecidedtofinishintwodays.IwouldhavetimetoreaditbeforeIhandeditin.(2)Patrickwasacollegestudent.Heworkedpart-timeinacompany.Hewantedtopayforhiscollegeeducation.ApplyingtherulesWhenIwasaskedtowritea2,000-wordessay,IdecidedtofinishintwodayssothatIwouldhavetimetoreaditbeforeIhandeditin.WhenPatrickwasacollegestudent,heworkedpart-timeinacompanybecausehewantedtopayforhiscollegeeducation.(3)Thevocationaleducationsystemoftencombinesclassroomlearningwithtrainingintheworkplace.Moststudentsgraduatenotonlywithaclearunderstandingoftheirtradebutalsowithworkexperience.Thevocationaleducationsystemoftencombinesclassroomlearningwithtrainingintheworkplace,asaresultofwhichmoststudentsgraduatenotonlywithaclearunderstandingoftheirtradebutalsowithworkexperience.ApplyingtherulesLeonwantedtobecomeanelectrician,(1)____likemanyyoungGermanstudents,hedecidednottogotouniversitybuttochooseavocationaltrainingcourseinstead.InGermany,(2)_________someonewantstobecomeanelectrician,aphotographerorahotelmanager,theywillprobablygothroughthevocationaleducationsystemwhichcombinestheoryintheclassroomwithpracticeintheworkplace.Leonchosetoworkatanelectricalcompany(3)_______hehadtospendthreedaysaweek.Healsohadtoattendschoolfor12hoursaweek.andwhether/ifwhereFinishB2onPage49,andthenanswerthefollowingquestion.ApplyingtherulesAtwork,Leonlearntabouthistrade,whichinvolvedmuchdrilling,andhekeptadetailedjournalofthenewskillsheacquired.Atschool,heattendedclassesrelevanttohischosenoccupation.Theseincludedlessons(4)_________focusedontopicslikeelectricalcircuits.Thecompanyandtheschooloperatedindependentlyofeachother(5)_______Leonhadtoshowhisgradestohismanageratwork.Overthecourseofhisstudies,Leonhadtopasstwoexams.Onewastohighlightanygapsinhisknowledge.TheotherwasthefinalexamLeonsattogainthenecessaryqualificationstobecomeanelectrician.Leongraduatedafterdemonstratingtheappropriatelevelofunderstandingandtechnicalcompetence,(6)_______henowanticipatesalongandhappycareerasanelectrician.that/whichbut/andand/soApplyingtherulesWhatdecisiondidLeonmakebeforebecominganelectrician?LikemanyyoungGermanstudents,Leondecidednottogotouniversitybuttochooseavocationaltrainingcourseinstead.ApplyingtherulesIngroupsofthree,onestudentstartsastoryonthetopicoflearningwithasimplesentence.Thesecondstudentaddsaclausetomakeacompoundorcomplexsentence.Thethirdstudentaddsanotherclausetomakeacompound-complexsentence.Taketurnstocontinuethestory.Applyingtherules(Sampleanswer)A:Ioftenvisitthelibrary.B:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary.C:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary,andIenjoygoingtobookshopstoo.A:Oneday,Imetanoldlady.B:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady.C:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady,andsomethingunexpectedhappened.ApplyingtherulesA:Iwasreadingabook.B:IwasreadingabookthatIfoundinteresting.C:IwasreadingabookthatIfoundinteresting,butthisoldladyaskedtohavealookatthebook.A:Igavetheoldladythebook.B:Igavetheoldladythebookandrealizedshehadafamiliarface.C:Igavetheoldladythebookandrealizedshehadafamiliarface,soIaskedifshelivedinmyneighbourhood.ApplyingtherulesA:Theoldladysmiledatme.B:Theoldladysmiledatmeandshegavemebackthebook.C:Theoldladysmiledatmeandshegavemebackthebookaftershehadaquicklook.A:Icontinuedreadingthebook.B:Icontinuedreadingthebook,butIcouldnotconcentrate.C:Icontinuedreadingthebook,butIcouldnotconcentratebecauseIfeltIknewwhotheoldladywas.ApplyingtherulesA:Ifinishedreading.B:ThemomentIfinishedreading,Iquicklycheckedthetitlepagefortheauthorinformation.C:ThemomentIfinishedreading,Iquicklycheckedthetitlepagefortheauthorinformation,andIgotagreatshock.A:Theauthorwastheoldlady.B:TheauthorwastheoldladyImetjustnow.C:TheauthorwastheoldladyImetjustnow,butImissedararechancetotalkwithher.Applyingtherules1.GothroughtheGrammarnotesonPages101–102.2.FinishPartConPage78.HomeworkGrammarandusage●复杂句分析（句子类型）●在英语中，句子可以分为简单句、并列句和主从复合句（含并列主从复合句）。一简单句简单句只含有一个主谓结构。•Mymother

is

ateacher.

我的妈妈是一名老师。

主语系动词表语•Time

flies.时光飞逝。主语谓语•He

asked

me

aquestion.他问了我一个问题。主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语•I

found

thebook

interesting.

我发现这本书很有趣。主语谓语

宾语宾语补足语【误区警示】

简单句只有一个主谓结构。简单句可以有两个或更多的主语，也可以有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓结构只有一个。•Computersmeanalottohumanbeingsandarepaidmoreandmoreattentiontobypeople.

计算机对人类意义重大，并越来越受到人们的关注。（两个谓语，一个主语）二并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句构成的句子称作并列句。这些独立分句处于平等的、互不依从的并列地位，常用连词或分号连接。►（1）表示并列关系的连词

常见的表示并列关系的连词有：and，both...and...，notonly...but（also）...，neither...nor...等。•TheyarewatchingTVandtheothersarereading.

他们在看电视，其他人在读书。►（2）表示转折关系的连词常见的表示转折关系的连词有：but，yet，whereas等。•Theyrushedtothehospital，buttheyweretoolate.

他们急忙赶往医院，但太晚了。•Thecarisold，butitisingoodcondition.

这辆汽车旧了，但车况很好。►（3）表示选择关系的并列连词常见的表示选择关系的并列连词有：or，either...or...等。•Shallwegotothecinemaorstayathome?

我们是去看电影还是待在家里？

•

Eitherhecouldnotcomeorhedidnotwantto.

他要么是不能来，要么就是不想来。►（4）表示因果关系的并列连词常见的表示因果关系的并列连词有：for，so等。•Heshookhishead，forhethoughtdifferently.

他摇摇头，因为他想得不一样。•Thedoorwaslocked，sowecouldn’tgetin.

门上锁了，所以我们进不去。►（5）含并列连词的特殊句式：

①祈使句+（，）+and/or+简单句；

②名词短语+（，）+and+简单句。•Comehereontimetomorrowmorning，oryouwillmissagood

chance.

明天上午按时来，否则你会失去一个好机会。•Anotherfiveminutes，andI’llfinishthecomposition.

再给我五分钟我就能完成作文。【误区警示】（1）通常，so不能与because

连用。（2）通常，but不与although

连用，但yet，still（副词）可与although

连用。三主从复合句►（1）主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句构成的句子。复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构。主句是复合句的主体。从句需要由一个从属连词（如that/what/why/how/if等）引导，修饰说明主句或主句中的某个词和短语，不能独立存在。从句可以分为三大类：定语从句、名词性从句（包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句）和状语从句（包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句）。•Thisistheroominwhichhelivedfiveyearsago.这就是他五年前居住的房间。（定语从句）•Thathewillcometothediscussioniscertain.他肯定会来参加讨论的。（主语从句）•WhatIhavetoldyouisimportant.我告诉你的事很重要。（主语从句）•Iwanttoknowwhetheryoustillworkinthefactory.我想知道你是否还在这家工厂工作。（宾语从句）•Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishtheworkbytomorrow.问题是我们是否能在明天之前完成这项工作。（表语从句）•Thenewsthathewonthegamewasincorrect.他赢得比赛的消息是不实的。（同位语从句）•Whenhereturns，I’lltellhimthenews.当他回来时，我会告诉他这个消息。（时间状语从句）•Bamboogrowsbestwheretheclimateisveryhot.竹子在气候炎热的地方长势最好。（地点状语从句）•

Aslongaswedon’tloseheart，we’llfindawaytodealwiththe

problem.

只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到解决这个问题的办法。（条件状语从句）•We’lltrytofinishtheworkthoughweareshortofmoney.尽管我们资金短缺，我们还是会努力完成工作。（让步状语从句）•IhadtakenanearlybussothatIgotthereintime.

我乘了早班公共汽车，所以才及时到了那里。（结果状语从句）【联想拓展】其后常接同位语从句的名词有：fact，fear，hope，idea，news，

suggestion，desire，thought，problem，possibility等。►（2）并列主从复合句英语中有些句子既包括并列分句，又含有从句，我们称之为并列主从复合句。要准确理解这种复杂的句子，需要分析句子结构，弄清楚各分句以及主从句之间的逻辑关系。如：•IaminterestedinrobotsandIbelievewecaninventbetterrobotsforthebenefitofpeople，solongaswecontinuetomakeefforts.我对机器人感兴趣，我认为只要我们持续努力，就可以为了人们的利益发明更好的机器人。Iaminterestedinrobots是分句一and

是并列连词Ibelieve…是分句二wecaninvent…是Ibelieve的宾语从句solongas引导条件状语从句Languagepoints1Itgenerallypreparespeopletoworkinaspecificoccupation...它通常使人们为在特定的职业中工作做好准备……occupationn.工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用Pleasestateyourname，ageandoccupation.请写明你的姓名、年龄和职业。【拓展】occupyv.占用，占领；任职；使忙于（做某事）搭配 occupyoneselfwith/in从事/忙于/专心于beoccupiedwith/in忙于，专心于 HeoccupiedhimselfinlearningEnglish.他忙于学英语。Manypeopleinthisareaareoccupiedwithagriculture.在这个地区许多人从事农业。单句语法填空（1）Thestatesmanismuchoccupied

affairsofhisstate.（2）Youwillbeaskedtofillinaformwithdetailsofyourbirthand

（occupy）.（3）Somestudentswere

（occupy）withreviewingtheirlessons.withoccupationoccupied2...itcanqualifyapplicantstoworkinaparticulareld.……它能使求职者有资格在某一特定领域工作。qualifyvt.使合格；使具备资格vi.取得资格（或学历），合格搭配 qualifyas取得……资格；作为……合格qualifysb.forsth.使某人具备……的资格qualifysb.todosth.使某人有资格做某事 HequalifiedasanEnglishteacherlastyear.去年他取得了当一名英语教师的资格。Hisknowledgeandskillsqualifyhimforthejob.他的知识和技能使他有资格担任这项工作。【拓展】（1）qualifiedadj.符合资格；有条件的Idon’tknowmuchaboutit，soIdon’tfeelqualifiedtocomment.关于此事我所知不多，所以我觉得没资格评论。（2）qualificationn.资格；资历；限定条件WeacceptedtheMinister’sproposalwithoutqualification.我们无条件地接受了部长的建议。【词块背诵】withoutqualification无条件地aqualificationcertificate资格证书academicqualifications学术资历单句语法填空（1）Mysonhopestoqualify

alawyer.（2）Hispastexperiencequalifiedhim

（handle）suchadelicatematter.（3）Yourscoresinthistermwillqualifyyou

thenextclass.astohandlefor（4）Theempiricalevidenceconsideredhereissubjecttomany

（qualify）.（5）Apersonwithnoappreciationofartandliteratureisnot

（qualify）forthejob.（6）Iwelcometheamendmenttothebill

qualification.qualificationsqualifiedwithout3...thosewithvocationalqualificationsoftenhavebetterprospectsofpromotionwithinthecompany.……那些有职业资格的人在公司里往往有更好的晋升前景。prospectn.成功的机会，前景；可能性；景色Iseelittleprospectofimprovementinhiscondition.我看他的情况没有什么改进的希望。Greatchangesareinprospectinthisareaduetoforeigninvestment.因为外资的引进，该地区可能会发生很大变化。Inprospectofincreaseindemand，weshouldworkatfullcapacity.预计需求会增加，我们应该开足马力生产。【词块背诵】theprospectof...……的前景；……的展望；……的可能性inprospect（of）可以预料到；有希望；有可能单句语法填空：（1）Amajorchangeofthepoliticalclimateisnot

prospect.（2）Ithasgood

（prospect）onconditionthatthetwosidescooperatewillingly.完成句子（3）Farmersploughandsow

（有……希望）thecomingharvest.inprospectsinprospectof4...motorrepairisoneeldthatallowsforsuchcareerdevelopment.……汽车维修就是一个允许这种职业发展的领域。motoradj.机动车的，汽车的n.发动机，马达；汽车ThemotorindustryinChinadevelopsfast.中国汽车工业发展迅速。Hestartedthemotor.他启动了发动机。【词块背诵】amotorbike/cycle摩托车amotorcar汽车anelectricmotor电动机完成句子（1）Thislawnmowerisdrivenbya____________________（小型电动机）.（2）

（这辆汽车）hasbeenwithusforovertenyears.smallelectricmotorThemotorcar5...educationalinstitutionsandcompanieswillcontinuetoadvocatevocationaleducation...……教育机构和公司将继续倡导职业教育……institutionn.机构；风俗习惯，制度Allthegovernmentinstitutionsarelocatedhere.政府的机构都设在这里。【拓展】institutionaladj.机构的；慈善机构的Someinstitutionalinvesto