2021-2022学年上海市徐汇区高一上学期10月考试英语试卷解析版

2021-2022学年上海市徐汇区高一上学期10月考试英语试卷I.ListeningComprehension(22’)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Linda.B.Irene.C.NancyD.Chris2.A.Tovisitamuseum.B.Toattendawedding.C.Togetmarried.D.TogotoIndia.3.A.Policemananddriver.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Bossandclerk.D.Doctorandnurse.4.A.Inateahouse.B.Inaschool.C.Inasupermarket.D.Inagarage.5.A.Themanenjoysdramasverymuch.B.Soapoperasaren’tthewoman’sfavorite.C.Thewomanhaswatchedalotofsoapoperas.D.Themandoesn’twanttowatchadramawiththewoman.6.A.Sheisreportingglobalwarming.B.SheiswatchingaTVshow.C.SheiswritingareportabouttheEarth’sclimate.D.Sheiswritingajobreport.7.A.Shesawtheplaymorethanonce.B.Sheactedintheplay.C.ShevisitedtheEnglishDepartment.D.Sheledthedramaclub.8.A.Thedamagetotheenvironment.B.Thelocationofthehotel.C.Thedemandofthejobmarket.D.Thesolutiontotheissue.9.A.Shewillgotothegaragetogethercarbackfirst.B.Shedoesn’tknowwherethecityhallis.C.Shecan’tdrivethemthere.D.Hercarisingoodcondition.10.A.Skippingthemealtoloseweight.B.Havingthepizzawiththewoman.C.Orderingfoodtobeeatenathome.D.Diningoutinsteadofeatingathome.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Hewastalkingwiththefamilyofhisboss.B.Hewasreadingthenewspaperforwork.C.Hewasputtinganoticeout.D.Hewasplantingtrees.12.A.Womenwerenotgoodattakingcareofplants.B.Hecouldgotoworkinhercompany.C.Therewouldbemanycustomersfromthenewofficepark.D.Hewasgoingoutofwork.13A.Hewillbeproudoftheplantsofhiscompany.B.Hecanbetheownerofthecompanyheusedtoworkfor.C.Hecanhire10moreemployees.D.Hiscompanywillbethebiggestinthefieldinthecity.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Therelationshipbetweenchildren’sstudyandTV.B.TheamountoftimechildrenspendwatchingTV.C.Thequalityofchildren’sentertainmentexperiences.D.ThepositiveeffectofwatchingTV.15.A.WatchingTV.B.Sportsactivities.C.Videogames.D.Shopping.16.A.Itspendstoomuchofviewers’time.B.ThereistoomuchviolenceonTV.C.Itmakesviewersinactiveinbodyandmind.D.Itsellsunwantedthingstoviewers.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(15’)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Goingtothetheaterinsteadofthegymmightsoundlikeyou’relazy.However,anewstudysaidthatanightinthetheatercanhavethesameeffectonyourheart____1____halfanhourofexercise.ResearchbyUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)andtheUniversityofLancasterfoundthat____2____(enjoy)alivetheaterperformanceisgoodforyourcardiovascular(心血管的)system.Thebenefits____3____beasmuchasthoseof28minutesofhealthyaerobicexercise(有氧运动).Atthetheater,theresearchersmonitoredtheheartrateof12individuals____4____(watch)Dreamgirls.They____5____(find)thattheirheartbeatwasattherangeof50to70percentoftheirmaximumheartrateduringtheperformance.AccordingtotheBritishHeartFoundation,thisis____6____idealheartratetopromotecardiofitness.Dr.JosephDevlinatUCLsaidthisclearlyprovedthat“attendingaliveperformancepromotescardiovascularactivity.”Thisstudyiscoupledwithresearch____7____(do)forEncoreTickets.ItisaticketcompanyforLondontheatersandattractions.Thirty-threepercentoftheater-goerssurveyedsaidthefeelingtheliveexperiencegavethemwas____8____(enjoyable)partofgoingtothetheater.AccordingtoDevlin,thisisduetothefact____9____beingpartofaliveaudienceincreasestheemotionalintensity(强度)oftheexperience.Thehighsandlowsofthetheaterperformanceallowformoodswings(情绪波动),thusstimulatingtheheartandcausingheartrateactivity.Butit’snotyettime____10____(say)thatyoushouldn’talsobegoingtothegym.Thesetheatricalhighsonlyactasasupplement(补充)toexercise.Theycan’treplaceyourentirefitnessplan.【答案】1.as2.enjoying3.can4.watching5.found6.the7.done8.themostenjoyable9.that10.tosay【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一项研究：去剧院看现场演出，对人们的心血管系统有好处。带给心脏的好处和半小时有氧运动的效果一样。【详解】1.考查固定结构。句意：然而，一项新的研究表明，晚上去剧院看演出对心脏的影响和半小时的运动（的效果）一样。固定结构：thesame...as...“和……一样”，结合句中anightinthetheatercanhavethesameeffectonyourheart可知，此处要用as。故填as。2.考查非谓语动词。句意：伦敦大学学院和兰卡斯特大学的研究发现，欣赏一场现场表演对你的心血管系统有好处。分析可知，_____(enjoy)alivetheaterperformance在句中为主语，表示一般性的动作，所以要用动名词作主语，故填enjoying。3.考查情态动词。句意：（看现场演出）的好处和28分钟的健康有氧训练带来的好处同样多。结合句中asmuchas可知，此处是拿看现场的演出的有氧运动的好处作对比，所以此处表示推断，can“可能会”表示推断，故填can。4.考查非谓语动词。句意：在剧院里，研究人员监测了12个看”追梦女郎”人的心率。分析可知，_____(watch)Dreamgirls为后置定语。修饰名词12individuals，与名词为主谓关系，所以此处要用现在分词。故填watching。5.考查时态。句意：他们发现在表演过程中，他们的心跳在最大心率的50%到70%之间。空白处在句中为谓语，结合句中thattheirheartbeatwas可知，此处为一般过去时，故填found。6.考查冠词。句意：根据英国心脏基金会的说法，这是促进心脏健康的理想心率。分析可知，句中理想的心率指的就是前一句中attherangeof50to70percentoftheirmaximumheartrate，所以此处为特指，故填the。7.考查非谓语动词。句意：这项研究与EncoreTickets的研究结合在一起。短语：becoupledwith“与……结合在一起”，research与do为动宾关系，因句中已有谓语，所以此处要用非谓语的过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填done。8.考查形容词最高级。句意：33%的被调查者表示，现场体验带给他们的感觉是去剧院最愉快的部分。根据下文beingpartofaliveaudienceincreasestheemotionalintensity(强度)oftheexperience可知，此处指33%的被调查者谈论看现场演出带给他们的感觉，他们认为是最享受的，所以要用最高级。enjoyable“享受的”为多音节词，其最高级为themostenjoyable，故填themostenjoyable。9.考查同位语从句。句意：根据Devlin的说法，这是因为作为现场观众的一部分，增加了体验的情感强度。分析可知，空白处及之后的内容为对名词fact的解释作用，另因beingpartofaliveaudienceincreasestheemotionalintensity(强度)oftheexperience句意完整，成分齐全，所以此处要用只起连接作用的hat来引导同位语从句。故填that。10.考查固定句式。句意：但现在还不能说你不应该去健身房。固定句式：Itistimetodosth.意为“是该干某事的时候”，结合句中it’snotyettime，所以此处要用不定式。故填tosay。SectionB(10’)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.rewardingB.inspiredC.regionalD.valuesE.sharedF.customG.achievingH.coexistI.culturallyJ.deeplyK.traditionalIntheworkplace,theremanydifferentculturesthat____11____—includingthecompanyculture,thelocalcultureofthebusinessandthenationalorregionalculturesofemployees.Thecultureoftheworkplacestartswiththecompany’smissionandcore____12____andhelpstheleadershipteammanagetheemployees.Itaffectsallmajoroperations,includingrecruitingemployees,providingemployeeswithcompensation(赔偿金)andbenefitsand____13____employeesforgoodbehavior.Italsoinformsthewayanorganizationtrainsanddevelopsitsstaff,howitpromotesemployeesandanyworkplacetraditionsitfollows.Theworkenvironmentis____14____affectedbythecultureoftheorganization.Forexample,ifoneofthemainelementsoftheworkplacecultureisteamwork,employeeswillknowhowimportantitistohelponeanother.Theywillbelesscompetitivewitheachother,andwillinsteadfocusonsucceedingtogether.Suchaculturalfeaturecanenableteamstobehighlyproductiveandmotivated.Localcultureaffectsthewaypeoplebehaveintheworkplace.Forexample,ifitisa____15____inlocalculturetospendalotoftimeenjoyingthenaturallandscape,thenmanyemployeeswillplaceimportanceonthatactivityaswell.Employeescanuseelementsoflocalculturetoconnectwithandmotivatetheiremployees.Usingthisexampleofculturalbehavior,theworkplacecanofferoutdooractivitiesasprizesfor____16____businesstargets.Inaddition,havingcompanyfunctionsoutsideatthebeachoratalocalparkcanfurthermaketheemployeesengagedand____17____.Intoday’sglobaleconomy,it’scommonforworkplacestobemadeupofpeoplefromdifferentnationaland____18____cultures.Beingculturallysensitiveandawarehelpsemployeestocommunicateeffectivelywiththeirteammatesandworktoward____19____goals.It’simportantforemployerstotakeculturaldiversityintoaccountwhenestablishingtheirworkplacepolicies.Teachemployeeshowtobe_____20_____sensitivetotheircolleaguesandcustomerswhohavedifferentculturalbackgrounds.【答案】11.H12.D13.A14.J15.F16.G17.B18.C19.E20.I【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了企业文化的重要性，包括对员工和企业本身的影响。【11题详解】考查动词和时态。句意：在工作场所，有许多不同的文化共存——包括公司文化、当地企业文化和员工的国家或地区文化。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，根据句中“manydifferentcultures”可知，应该是许多不同的文化“共存”，“coexist”意为“共存”，动词词性，符合句意。故选H项。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：工作场所的文化始于公司的使命和核心价值观，并帮助领导团队管理员工。分析句子可知，“and”前的“mission”为名词且“core”为形容词，故空格处应用名词，根据句意可知，工作场所的文化应该始于公司的使命和核心“价值观”，“value”作“价值观”讲时，常用其复数形式“values”，名词词性。故选D项。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它影响所有主要业务，包括招聘员工、向员工提供赔偿金和福利以及奖励行为良好的员工。根据句中“forgoodbehavior”可知，应该是“奖励”行为良好的员工，“reward”意为“奖励”，动词词性，句中“including”为介词，后接动名词作宾语，“reward”的动名词形式为“rewarding”。故选A项。【14题详解】考查副词。句意：工作环境深受组织文化的影响。分析句子可知，“affected”为动词，前面应用副词修饰，根据句意可知，工作环境应该是“深受”组织文化的影响，“deeply”意为“深深地”，副词词性，在句中作状语，符合句意。故选J项。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：例如，如果花大量时间欣赏自然景观是当地文化的一种习俗，那么许多员工也会重视这项活动。根据空格前不定冠词“a”可知，空格处应用名词，根据句中“许多员工也会重视这项活动”可知，花大量时间欣赏自然景观是当地文化的一种“习俗”，“custom”意为“习俗”，为可数名词，根据空格前不定冠词“a”可知，空格处应用其单数形式。故选F项。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：利用这个文化行为的例子，工作场所可以提供户外活动作为实现商业目标的奖品。根据句意可知，应该是“实现”目标，才会有奖品，“achieve”意为“实现”，动词词性，“for”为介词，后接动名词作宾语，“achieve”的动名词形式为“achieving”。故选G项。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，在海滩或当地公园举行公司活动可以进一步使员工投入工作并激发员工的灵感。根据句意可知，在户外举行活动应该是为了激发员工的灵感，“inspire”意为“激励，赋予灵感”，动词词性，句中涉及“make+宾语+宾补”结构，“employees”与“inspire”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“inspire”的过去分词“inspired”作宾语补足语。故选B项。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：在当今的全球经济中，工作场所通常由来自不同国家和地区文化的人组成。分析句子可知，“cultures”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，根据句意可知，应该是来自不同国家和“地区”文化的人，故空格处应用“regional”，意为“地区的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语。故选C项。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：具有文化敏感性和意识有助于员工与队友有效沟通，并朝着共同目标努力。分析句子可知，“goals”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，根据句意可知，员工应该是朝着“共同”目标努力，故空格处应用“shared”，意为“共享的，公用的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语。故选E项。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：教员工如何对具有不同文化背景的同事和客户保持文化敏感性。分析句子可知，“sensitive”为形容词，前面应用副词修饰，根据句意可知，应该是保持“文化”敏感性，“culturally”意为“文化地”，副词词性，在句中作状语，符合句意。故选I项。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA(15’)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNome,Onthe20thofthatmonth,Dr.Welch____21____asickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious(传染的)diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbe____22____ifitstruckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.____23____,theclosetsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetown’s____24____wasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldn’tcomebyship.Carsandhorsescouldn’ttravelonthe____25____roads.Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn’texistyet.____26____January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhaddied.Twentymoreweresick.Nome’stownofficialscameupwithaplan.Theywouldhavethemedicinesentby____27____fromAnchoragetoNenana.Fromthere,dogsled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—knownas“mushers”—would____28____ittoNomeinarelay(接力).TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.____29____hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannon’sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.OnJanuary31,amushernamedSeppalahadto____30____afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonSound.Itwasthemostdangerouspartofthejourney.NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewould____31____,andsowouldthesickchildrenofNome.ButSeppalamadeitacross.AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.AmushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisstorm.Atonepoint,hugepilesofsnowblockedhis____32____.Hehadtoleavethetrail(痕迹)togetaroundthem.Conditionsweresobadthatitwasimpossibleforhimto____33____thetrailagain.TheonlyhopewasBalto,Kaasen’sleaddog.Baltoputhisnosetotheground,____34____tofindthesmellofotherdogsthathadtravelledonthetrail.IfBaltofailed,itwouldmeandisasterforNome.Theminutespassedby.Suddenly,Baltobegantorun.Hehadfoundthetrail.At5:30a.m.onFebruary2,KaasenandhisdogarrivedinNome.Withinminutes,Dr.Welchhadthemedicine.Hequicklygaveittothesickchildren.Allofthemrecovered.Nomehadbeen____35____.21.A.examined B.warned C.interviewed D.cured22.A.harmless B.helpless C.fearless D.careless23.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However24.A.airport B.station C.harbor D.border25.A.narrow B.busy C.snowy D.dirty26.A.From B.By C.On D.After27.A.air B.rail C.sea D.road28A.carry B.return C.mail D.give29.A.Though B.Since C.When D.If30.A.enter B.cross C.visit D.move31.A.escape B.swim C.ache D.die32.A.memory B.exit C.way D.destination33.A.find B.fix C.pass D.change34.A.pretending B.asking C.trying D.learning35.A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.developed【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.C26.B27.B28.A29.C30.B31.D32.C33.A34.C35.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个人们接力运送药物来救患病儿童的感人故事。1925年1月份的阿拉斯加北部极其寒冷，由于大雪，诺姆小镇与外界隔绝了。雪上加霜的是，那里的孩子患上了一种致命的传染病。为了拯救孩子们，人们接力运送药品到诺姆。最终，人们通过狗拉的雪橇把药物送到了诺姆。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个月20日，韦尔奇医生检查了一个生病的男孩比利，知道他得了白喉，一种主要影响儿童的致命传染病。A.examined检查；B.warned警告；C.interviewed面试，采访；D.cured治愈。根据谓语动词的主语是Dr.Welch，宾语是asickboy，以及后面的动词knew可知，医生是在检查病童，并发现Billy患了一种传染病。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果这种病在镇上蔓延，诺姆的孩子们将会很无助。A.harmless无害的；B.helpless无助的；C.fearless无畏的；D.careless粗心的。根据“ifitstruckthetown”可知，如果疾病在小镇蔓延，这里的孩子们会很无助。故选B。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，最近的医疗补给是在1000英里以外的安克雷奇。A.Moreover而且，此外；B.Therefore因此；C.Otherwise否则；D.However然而。根据上文诺姆镇急需药品以及下文提到最近的可以取到药品的地方也在一千公里之外可知，前后是转折关系，故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：镇上的港口已经结冰了，所以水路是行不通了。A.airport机场；B.station车站；C.harbor港口；D.border边境。根据“soitcouldn’tcomebyship”可知，这里指港口结冰，故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汽车和马车不能在雪地上行驶。A.narrow狭窄的；B.busy繁忙的；C.snowy被雪覆盖的；D.dirty脏的。根据第一段“Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.”可知，大雪覆盖了道路，汽车和马车都不能通行，故选C。【26题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：到1月26日，比利和另外三个孩子已经去世。A.From从，自；B.By通过，到……时；C.On在……上面；D.After在……之后。By+时间，与完成时连用。后跟过去的时间，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间，用将来完成时。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会用铁路把药从安克雷奇运到内纳那。A.air空气；B.rail铁路，铁轨；C.sea海洋；D.road道路。根据下一段“fromthetrainatNenana”可知，药物被用火车运到内纳那。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那里，被称为“赶狗拉雪橇的人”的多格斯勒司机将接力把它送到诺姆。A.carry运送，携带；B.return返回，归还；C.mail邮寄；D.give给。根据常识可以判断出，药品要由赶狗拉雪橇的人运送到诺姆。故选A。【29题详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：当Shannon把药递给下一个赶狗拉雪橇的人的时候，他脸已经被冻得乌青。A.Though虽然；B.Since因为，自从；C.When当……时；D.If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，所以本句为when引导的时间状语从句。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：1月31日，一个叫塞帕拉的赶狗拉雪橇的人不得不穿过一个叫诺顿桑德的冰冻区域。A.enter进入；B.cross穿过；C.visit拜访；D.move移动。根据“NortonSoundwascoveredwithice”可知，NortonSound是一片冰冻的水域，Seppala必须穿过这片水域，故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会死，诺姆镇生病孩子也会死。A.escape逃脱；B.swim游泳；C.ache疼痛；D.die死。根据上文“Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow”可知，一旦诺顿湾的冰面破裂坍塌，Seppala可能会掉到冰水里死掉。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一次，一大堆雪挡住了他的去路。A.memory回忆；B.exit出口；C.way路；D.destination目的地。根据下文“Kaasen不得不离开雪橇的痕迹、绕过阻挡他的大雪堆”可知，巨大的雪堆挡住Kaasen前进的路。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时环境太糟糕，使Kaasen不可能再次找回雪橇的痕迹。A.find找到；B.fix安装；C.pass通过；D.change改变。根据上文Kaasen离开雪橇的痕迹可知，当时环境太糟糕，使Kaasen不可能再次找回雪橇的痕迹。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Balto把鼻子贴在地上，努力找到其他狗的气味，这些狗曾在这条路上走过。A.pretending假装；B.asking问，要求；C.trying努力；D.learning学会。Seppala的雪橇狗努力嗅着其它狗的味道。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺姆镇得救了。A.controlled控制；B.saved拯救；C.founded建立；D.developed发展。根据“Allofthemrecovered.”可知，诺姆镇得救了。故选B。SectionB(14’)Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AHereisachecklistforwhetheryoucandothefollowingthingstoliveabetterlife.Tickifyoucan.Talkaboutyouremotionsanddifficulties.Wetendtohavedifficultyexpressingouremotions,yettheydrivesomuchofwhatwedo.Worse,wecompensatewithdrugsandalcoholtomaskourfeelingsofnotbeingsuccessful.Talkingabouthowwefeel,honestly,canfreeus.Don’tbeafraidofnotbeingsuccessful.Wethinkbeinglovedisequaltobeingsuccessful,butasVaniersaid,“Youarebeautifulasyouare.”Thetruemeasureofapersonisnotdefinedbythesizeofhis/herbankaccount.It’sdefinedbytheiremotionalbankaccount,howkindtheyareandhowtheytreatothers.Wemightenvy(忌妒)MarkZuckerberg’swealth,butadmirepeoplelikeMotherTeresamore.Inarelationship,takethetimetoask:“Howareyou?”You’remarriedtoyourspouse,notsuccess.Yes,workisimportanttoprovideforourfamilies.Butbeingthereforourfamiliesisevenmoreimportant.Takethetimetocheckin.Askhowyourspouseandkidsaredoing.They’llrememberyourthoughtfulnessandlovemuchmorethanyourcareersuccess.Stoplookingatyourphone.Bepresent!Thedigitalagehasbroughtusinstantcommunication,butarewereallytalkingtooneanother?Listentoyourdeepestdesireandfollowit.Unlikeanimals,humanbeingshavemoralandspiritualneeds.Beyondeating,procreatingandexisting,wesearchfortheunknown.Allofushaveaninnervoicethatguidesus.Ourheartsoftentelluswhenweareoffcourse.Learntotrustyourheart.Rememberthatyouwilldieoneday.JeanVaniernotedthat“We’reallhere,butwearejustlocalpeople.Passengersonajourney.Wegetonandoffthetrainandtheworldwillcontinue.”Rememberingthatyouwilldieonedaycanhelpguideouractionstoday.Itcanreshapethekindofpersonwewanttobe.36.Accordingtothepassage,howcanwefeelrelieved?A.Byfearingsuccess.B.Bycommunicatingyourfeelings.C.Byinquiringpeople.D.Byleavingyourphonebehind.37Whatdoesthe4thruletellus?A.Youaremarriedtoyourhusband/wife.B.Youmustworkforyourfamily.C.Youshouldpaymoreattentiontopeoplearoundyouthanyourwork.D.Youhavetoaskyourfamily’sdailyroutine.38.Thesearetherulesallabout______.A.keepingyoufitB.improvingyourlifeattitudeC.interactingwithpeopleD.havingarelationship【答案】36.B37.C38.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些关于改善你的生活态度的规则。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中第一条规则“Talkingabouthowwefeel,honestly,canfreeus.(坦白地说，谈论我们的感受能让我们轻松自由。)”可知，通过交流你的感觉能感到宽慰。故选B。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据表格中第四条规则“Stoplookingatyourphone.Bepresent!Thedigitalagehasbroughtusinstantcommunication,butarewereallytalkingtooneanother?(别再看了。是现在!数字时代给我们带来了即时通信，但我们真的在彼此交谈吗?)”可推断，第四规则告诉我们应该更多地关注周围的人而不是我们的工作。故选C。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Hereisachecklistforwhetheryoucandothefollowingthingstoliveabetterlife.Tickifyoucan.(这里有一份清单，告诉你是否可以做以下事情来过上更好的生活。可以的话打勾。)”及下文可知，这些规则都是关于改善你的生活态度的。故选B。BHowtoVolunteerAbroadandActuallyHelpPeopleFearof“voluntourism”shouldn’tstopyoufromdoingsomethinggreat.We’veallheardit.Those“voluntourists”goingtoAfricathinkthey’rehelping,butthey’reactuallygoingforaholiday,wastingmoney,andstrengtheningdangerousstereotypes(刻板印象).Iam,though,againsttheideathatweshouldn’tvolunteerabroadatall.Howwouldtheworldbeabetterplacewithoutpeopledevotingtheirtimeandresourcestohelpotherswhoneedit?Ichosemyorganizationwell.Asastudent,therearesomanyoptionsforvolunteeringabroad.ItravelledwithCambridgeDevelopmentInitiative,astudent-runprojectthatworksonsustainabledevelopmentprojectsinTanzania.TherewerefourbranchesandIwasonthebusinessteam.Weweretrainedonthedangersofvoluntourismandonbestvolunteerpractices.WelearnedaboutthecultureandevenlearnedsomebasicSwahili,thelocallanguage,beforetravelling.WhenwewereinTanzania,westayedinthesameaccommodationalongsideourTanzanianteammembers,atethesamefood,andspentourfreetimeinthesameplaces.WhenItoldmyfriendIwastravellingtoTanzaniatovolunteerforthesummer,hesaid,“Oh,you’regoingtohaveoneofthosesummerswhereyougoawayforacoupleofmonthsandittotallychangesyourprofile(头像)picture.”Ididn’tchangemyprofilepicture,butIdidhelp23youngpeoplestarttheirowncompanies.Theybrainstormedideas,surveyedtargetcommunities,improvedtheirdesigns,cameupwithbusinessplans,andcollectedseedcapitalfortheirstartups.Theycameupwithcreativeideas,suchasa“mini-grid”(微型电网)providingelectricitytoanoff-gridvillageandaplastic-wasterecyclingcompany.BeforeIwenttoTanzania,Iwas“thisclose”totakinganinternshipinacompanyinsteadbecauseIworriedIwouldbecontributingtothenegativepracticeofvoluntourism.Here’showImadesurethatdidn’thappen,andwhyIthinkthebenefitsofvolunteeringabroadfaroutweighthebenefitsoftakingsomequestionablemoralhighreasonsbackhome.39.Whatisvoluntourism?A.Astudyinadevelopingcountry.B.Atriptoadevelopingcountrytohelpout.C.Aculturalexchangeinadevelopingcountry.D.Atravelingtoadevelopingcountrytohelpout,butdoingmoreharm.40.Howdidthewriterensurenotcontributingtothenegativesideofvoluntourism?A.Bynottrustinganyorganization.B.Bylearningaboutthelocalcultureandlanguage.CByprovidingelectricitytoanoff-gridvillage.D.Bymakingtradewiththeteammembers.41.WhichonewasNOTdonebythewriter?A.Thewritercameupwithideastosolveoff-gridproblems.B.Thewriterhelpedestablishyoungpeople’sownstart-ups.C.Thewritergaveupacorporateinternship.D.ThewriterwenttoTanzaniaasavolunteer.42.Whatdidthewriter’sfriendimply?A.Thewriterwouldhaveamoralhighexperienceworthshowingoff.B.Thewriterwasabletochangetheprofilepictureafterthetrip.C.Thewritershouldhelpthelocalsasmuchaspossible.D.Thewritershouldvolunteerbecauseitwouldbelife-changing.【答案】39.D40.B41.A42.A【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历介绍如何在国外做志愿者并真正帮助别人。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Those“voluntourists”goingtoAfricathinkthey’rehelping,butthey’reactuallygoingforaholiday,wastingmoney,andstrengtheningdangerousstereotypes(刻板印象).(那些去非洲的“公益游客”认为他们在提供帮助，但他们实际上是去度假，浪费金钱，强化危险的形象)”可知，公益旅游是去发展中国家帮助解决困难，但却造成了更大的危害的旅游。故选D。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“WelearnedaboutthecultureandevenlearnedsomebasicSwahili,thelocallanguage,beforetravelling.(在旅行之前，我们了解了文化，甚至学习了一些基本的斯瓦希里语)”可推断，作者在旅游前通过学习当地的文化和语言来确保不给公益旅游带来负面影响。故选B。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Theybrainstormedideas,surveyedtargetcommunities,improvedtheirdesigns,cameupwithbusinessplans,andcollectedseedcapitalfortheirstartups.Theycameupwithcreativeideas,suchasa“mini-grid”(微型电网)providingelectricitytoanoff-gridvillageandaplastic-wasterecyclingcompany.(他们进行了头脑风暴的想法，调查了目标社区，改进了他们的设计，提出了商业计划，并为他们的初创公司收集了种子资金。他们想出了一些创意，诸如为一个离网村提供电力的“微型电网”和塑料废物回收公司)”可知，解决离网问题的想法不是作者提出的，是当地的年轻人提出的。故选A。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Here’showImadesurethatdidn’thappen,andwhyIthinkthebenefitsofvolunteeringabroadfaroutweighthebenefitsoftakingsomequestionablemoralhighreasonsbackhome.(这就是我是如何确保那种事不会发生的，以及为什么我认为在国外做公益的益处远远超过采取一些可疑的道德崇高理由的好处的原因)”可推断，作者有丰富的道德经验值得炫耀。故选A。SectionC(8’)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Imagineswimminginalakeonahotsummerday.Thewaterisquitewarm,butthewindisstrongandthemomentyouleavethewateryoufeelchillyandget“goosebumps(鸡皮疙瘩)”.Soyouchangeclothesandmoveinsidetowarmup.Youmakeanicecupoftea,getunderablanketandturnontheradio.Suddenly,youhearasongfromalongtimeago,onethatyourgrandmotheroftensangtoyouwhenyouwereachild.____43____Whydosuchseeminglyunrelatedeventsleadtothesamebodilyreaction?Goosebumpsareaphysiologicalphenomenonwegotfromouranimalancestors.Theyaretinyelevationsoftheskinthatlookliketheskinofchildrenorgeeseafterthefeathershavebeenpulledoff.____44____Goosebumpsarecausedbyacontraction(收缩)ofmusclesthatareattachedtoeachhair.Eachcontractingmusclecreatesashallowdepression(凹陷)ontheskinsurface.Asaresult,thesurroundingareastandsout.____45____Inanimalswithathickcoatofhairthisrisingofthehairexpandsthelayerofair.Thethickerthelayerofhair,themoreheatisretained.Inpeoplethisreactionisuselessbecausewedonothaveacoatofhaironourbodies.Inadditiontocold,thehairwillalsostandupinmanyanimalswhentheyfeelthreatened.____46____Thiswillprobablymaketheattackerbackoff.Peoplealsotendtoexperiencegoosebumpsduringemotionalsituations,suchaswalkingdowntheaisleduringtheirwedding,listeningtotheirnation’santhem,orevenjustwatchinghorrormovies.Quiteoftenapersonmaygetgoosebumpsmanyyearsafterasignificantevent,justbythinkingabouttheemotionstheywereexperiencingatthattime.Thereasonforalltheseresponsesisthesubconsciousreleaseofadrenaline(肾上腺素).Itisoftenreleasedwhenwefeelcoldorafraid,butalsoifweareunderstressandfeelstrongemotions.Othersignsofadrenalinereleaseincludesweatypalms,anincreaseinbloodpressure,aracingheartorthefeelingof“butterflies”inthestomach.A.Thereforewecouldalsocallthem“turkeybumps”or“duckbumps.”B.Again,youfeelachillonyourbackandagain,yougetgoosebumps.C.Thecontractionalsocausesthehairtostandupwheneverthebodyfeelscold.D.Whenacatisattackedbyadog,forexample,theelevatedhairmakesthecatappearbigger.E.Adrenalinenotonlycausesthecontractionofskinmusclesbutalsoinfluencesmanyotherbodilyreactions.F.Itissomethingweinheritedfr