2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试英语模拟卷02山东广东专用解析版

2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试英语模拟卷02（山东、广东专用）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A（2020·珠海市第二中学高一月考）ThespreadofWesterneatinghabitsaroundtheworldisbadforhumanhealthandtheenvironment.ThesefindingscomefromanewreportinthejournalNature.DavidTillman,aprofessorofecologyattheUniversityofMinnesota,America,examinedinformationfrom100countriestoidentifywhatpeopleateandhowadietaffectedhealth.Henotedamovementbeginninginthe1960s.Hefoundthatasnationsindustrialized(工业化),populationincreasedandearningsrose,morepeoplebegantoadoptwhathasbeencalledtheWesterndiet.TheWesterndietishighinsugar,fat,oilandmeat.Byeatingthesefoods,peoplebegantogetfatterandsicker.DavidTillmansaysoverweightpeopleareatgreaterriskofnoninfectious(不传染的)diseaseslikediabetes(糖尿病)andheartdisease.Unfortunatelywhenpeoplebecomeindustrialized,iftheyadoptthisWesterndiet,theyaregoingtohavethesehealthproblems,especiallyindevelopingcountriesinAsia.Chinaisanexamplewherethenumberofdiabetescaseshasbeenjumpingfromlessthanonepercentto10percentofthepopulationastheybegantoindustrializeovera20­yearperiod.Andthatishappeningallacrosstheworld,inMexico,inNigeriaandsoon.And,adietbadforhumanbeingsisalsobadfortheenvironment.Astheworld'spopulationgrows,moreforestsandtropicalareaswillbecomefarmlandsforcropsorgrasslandsforcattle.Wearelikelytohavemoregreenhousegasinthefuturefromagriculturethanthatcomingoutofallformsoftransportationrightnow.Mr.Tillmancallsthelinkamongthediet,theenvironmentandhumanhealth“atrilemma”—aproblemofferingadifficultchoice.HesaysonepossiblesolutionisleavingtheWesterndietbehind.1．Accordingtothepassage,moregreenhousegasmightbegivenoffinthefuturefrom______.A．transportation B．developingcountriesC．agriculture D．developedcountries2．DavidTillmanbelievesthat______.A．thediet,theenvironmentandhumanhealtharecloselyconnectedB．theWesterndietistheonlychoiceasthenationindustrializesC．peopleintropicalareasaremorelikelytohavediabetesD．traditionaldietsaremorebalancedthantheWesterndiet3．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.A．callonustoprotecttheenvironmentB．warnusoftheriskoftheWesterndietC．remindusoftheimportanceofhealthD．adviseustohaveabalanceddiet【语篇解读】本文是说明文。随着全球化进程的加快，西方的饮食习惯也层层逼近社会的每个角落，本文主要对这是否对我们的饮食健康和环境造成影响进行了分析。1．C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Wearelikelytohavemoregreenhousegasinthefuturefromagriculturethanthatcomingoutofallformsoftransportationrightnow.（未来农业产生的温室气体很可能比现在所有交通工具产生的温室气体还要多）可知，未来更多的温室气体将来自农业而不是交通。故选C。2．A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Mr.Tillmancallsthelinkamongthediet,theenvironmentandhumanhealth“atrilemma”—aproblemofferingadifficultchoice.（蒂尔曼称饮食、环境和人类健康之间的联系是“三难选择”——这是一个很难选择的问题）可知，DavidTilman认为饮食、环境和人类健康是密切相关的。故选A。3．B【解析】推理判断题。根据全文及最后一段HesaysonepossiblesettlementisleavingtheWesterndietbehind.（他说，一个可能的解决办法是把西方饮食抛在脑后）可知，全文主要讲随着全球化进程的加快，西方的饮食习惯对我们的饮食健康和环境造成了影响。有一种可能的解决办法就是不再采纳西方的饮食方式，由此可见写本文的目的是警告我们西方饮食的危险。故选B。B（2021·山东潍坊市·潍坊一中高一月考）Bynow,mostofushavepickedupatleastonepandemichobby.Andthere'saseeminglycommonpandemichobbytrend:Peoplewhohaven'tbeenabletogoanywherearemakingimaginarytravelplans.Maybeyou'reamongthosewhohavespenthoursresearchinglocations-eventhoughyou'renotactuallyplanningtotravel.Itturnsoutthatyouaren'talone.Peoplewhoseemtobestickingtopublicsafetyrecommendationsarestillplanningtripstheydon'tintendtobook.And,whenIsuddenlyfoundmyselfaddictedtoanimaginarygirls'triptoJoshuaTree,Iwonderedwhetherthiswasahealthydistraction."It'sanescapistimagination,"saidRegineGalanti,apsychologist,addingthatthere'snothingwrongwithescapismduringaglobalpandemic.Ontheonehand,distractionsareoftenbeneficialrightnow.WeareafullyearintolivingwithCOVID-19asapandemic,andthatmeansyou'veprobablyhadtonavigatearangeofemotionslikediscomfort,sadness,orevenboredom.Soanyhobbythatdoesn'tharmanyoneorendangeryourwell-beingisprobablyaworthyattempt.Evenifvacationplanningisyourhappyplace,Dr.Galantisuggestsyou"actuallythinkaboutwhatyou'retryingtoachieve."Why?"Maybewhatyou'resayingis,Ineedavacationfromwork,"Dr.Galantiexplains."Thentakethreedaysoffevenifyouarenotgoinganywhere."Whenyoufigureoutwhatyou'relookingfor,youmightbeabletofindasmallsociallydistancedadventureinyourbackyardoraquietplace.Vacationplanningisagoodwaytospendsometime,buttheremightbeanevenbetterwaytogetwhatyou'redesiring.Anyway,whenuncertaintyisallaroundus,creatingthingstolookforwardtoisn'taterribleidea.Andwhenthingsaresafer,you'llhaveallyourplansinplace.4．Whydopeoplemakeimaginarytravelplansduringthepandemic?A．Todevelopanewhobby. B．Tostaysafeandsound.C．Tobedistractedfromreality. D．Togetreadyforfuturetravel.5．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheword"navigate"underlinedinparagraph4?A．Express. B．Balance. C．Adaptto. D．Dealwith.6．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsimaginarytravelplans?A．Objective. B．Negative. C．Supportive. D．Unclear.7．Whichsectionofthenewspaperdoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Figures. B．Lifestyle.C．Foodandrecipe. D．Scienceandtechnology.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章介绍了人们在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行待在家这困难时期，形成了一种制定想象中的度假计划爱好，以逃避现实生活。这种爱好在疫情期间是一种消遣的好方法。4．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Peoplewhoseemtobestickingtopublicsafetyrecommendationsarestillplanningtripstheydon'tintendtobook.And,whenIsuddenlyfoundmyselfaddictedtoanimaginarygirls'triptoJoshuaTree,Iwonderedwhetherthiswasahealthydistraction.（那些似乎坚持公共安全建议的人仍在计划他们不打算预订的旅行。而且，当我突然发现自己沉迷于一个想象中的去约书亚树的女孩之旅时，我想知道这是否是一种健康的消遣）”以及第三段““It’sanescapistimagination,”saidRegineGalanti,apsychologist,addingthatthere’snothingwrongwithescapismduringaglobalpandemic.（心理学家雷金•加兰蒂说:“这是一种逃避现实的想象。”他还补充说，在疫情全球流行之际，逃避现实并没有错）”可知，人们在大流行期间制定想象中的旅行计划是想逃离现实。故选C项。5．D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段“WeareafullyearintolivingwithCOVID-19asapandemic,andthatmeansyou’veprobablyhadtonavigatearangeofemotionslikediscomfort,sadness,orevenboredom.（我们整整一年都生活在新冠肺炎疫情之下”可知，在这种情况下，我们不得不处理比如不适、悲伤和无聊等一系列的负面情绪，由此可知，画线词词义为“处理”，故选D项。6．C【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Vacationplanningisagoodwaytospendsometime,buttheremightbeanevenbetterwaytogetwhatyou'redesiring.（制定度假计划是打发时间的好方法，但也许还有更好的方法来满足你的愿望）”可知，作者对想象中的旅行计划持支持的态度，认为制定想象中的度假计划是打发时间的好方法。故选C项。7．B【解析】推理判断题。通过阅读全文，特别是根据第一段“Bynow,mostofushavepickedupatleastonepandemichobby.Andthere'saseeminglycommonpandemichobbytrend:Peoplewhohaven'tbeenabletogoanywherearemakingimaginarytravelplans.（到目前为止，我们大多数人都至少养成了一种疫情期间的爱好。还有一个似乎很常见的流行爱好趋势:那些无法去任何地方的人正在制定想象中的旅行计划）”可知，文章介绍了人们在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行待在家这一困难时期，形成了一种制定想象中的度假计划爱好，以逃避现实生活。这是一种面对生活的方式，因此文章最有可能出自报纸的生活方式版块，故选B项。C（2020·济南市·山东师范大学附中高一月考）Aftertravelingtenyearsandhundredsofmillionsofkilometers,asmallprobe(探测器)calledPhilaehasforthefirsttimelandedonthesurfaceofacomet,asolarsystemobjectmadeoficeandrock.PhilaewassentfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency’smainRosettaspaceshipearlyWednesday,November12,2014.Originally,themissionofthespaceshipwastotargetComet46PbutwhenthelaunchwasdelayedduetoproblemswiththeAriane5launchvehicle,themissionwasredirectedtoComet67P,tostudytheappearanceandmaterialsthatmakeupComet67P.ThePhilaeresearchprobeleftitsmothershipRosettaandthenbeganatriptowardthecometandlandedonitssurfacehourslater.Theefforttolandonthecometwasconsidereddangerousbecausejustbeforetheplannedlanding,scientistsidentifiedproblemsinPhilae’sactivedescentsystemthruster(推进器)usedtolandtheprobe.RosettahasbeenorbitingComet67PsinceAugust2014.However,itwassentupintospaceinMarchof2004.Thespaceshipcircledthesununtilitwasinpositiontomeetwiththecomet.Cometsarethemostprimitive(原始的)objectsinthesolarsystem.Scientiststhinkthattheyhavekeptarecordofthephysicalandchemicalprocessesthatoccurredduringtheearlyperiodwhenplanetswereformed.BystudyingComet67P’smake-upandhistory,scientistswishtounlockthesecretofthesolarsystemandeventheoriginofhumanlives.ThePhilaeprobedidaseriesofscientificexperiments.Philaeexaminedthematerialsthatmakeupthecometlookingfororganic,orcarbon-basedmaterials,andinorganicmaterials.ItlasteduntilMarch2015,whenthecometwastooclosetothesunandthesurfacetemperaturewastoohighforPhilaetooperate.8．WhatwasRosettalaunchedtodo?A．TosendPhilaetoComet67Psafely.B．TostudytheappearanceofComet46P.C．TocollectinformationaboutComet67P.D．Toresearchonthemake-upofthesolarsystem.9．WhywasithardforPhilaetolandonComet67P?A．Duetotechnologicalissues.B．Asaresultofpowerfailure.C．Becauseoflackofexperience.D．Duetoproblemsinradiosystems.10．Whatdoscientiststhinkoftheresearchoncomets?A．Challenging. B．Satisfying. C．Meaningful. D．Impractical.11．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．PhilaelandingonComet67PB．AnothercometfoundinspaceC．OnestepfurtheringeographyresearchD．Greatimprovementinspaceshipdesign【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了一个名为Philae航天器历史性地着陆彗星。8．C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“themissionwasredirectedtoComet67P,tostudytheappearanceandmaterialsthatmakeupComet67P.”可知，此项任务改为降落到67P号彗星，研究67P号彗星的外观和物质构成。由此判断出发射Rosetta是为了收集彗星67P的信息。故选C项。9．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theefforttolandonthecometwasconsidereddangerousbecausejustbeforetheplannedlanding,scientistsidentifiedproblemsinPhilae’sactivedescentsystemthruster(推进器)usedtolandtheprobe.”可知，登陆彗星的努力被认为是危险的，因为就在计划的着陆之前，科学家们发现了Philae用于着陆探测器的主动下降系统推进器存在问题。由此可知，为什么“Philae”很难在67P彗星上着陆是由于技术问题。故选A项。10．C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“BystudyingComet67P’smake-upandhistory,scientistswishtounlockthesecretofthesolarsystemandeventheoriginofhumanlives.”通过研究67P彗星的组成和历史，科学家们希望解开太阳系的秘密，甚至人类生命的起源。以及最后一段“ThePhilaeprobedidaseriesofscientificexperiments.Philaeexaminedthematerialsthatmakeupthecometlookingfororganic,orcarbon-basedmaterials,andinorganicmaterials.”Philae探测器做了一系列科学实验。Philae检查了构成彗星的材料，寻找有机或碳基材料和无机材料。由此判断出，科学家认为对彗星的研究是有意义的。故选C项。11．A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Aftertravelingtenyearsandhundredsofmillionsofkilometers,asmallprobe(探测器)calledPhilaehasforthefirsttimelandedonthesurfaceofacomet,asolarsystemobjectmadeoficeandrock.”一个名为“Philae”的小型探测器经过10年时间和数亿公里的飞行，首次在一颗由冰和岩石组成的太阳系彗星表面着陆。以及第二段“themissionwasredirectedtoComet67P,tostudytheappearanceandmaterialsthatmakeupComet67P.”此项任务改为降落到67P号彗星，研究67P号彗星的外观和物质构成。由此可知，短文的最佳标题为“Philae着陆在彗星67P上”。故选A项。D（2021·广东惠州市·惠州一中高一期中）No,Tom’slifewentalongwellenough,especiallyinsummer.Heonlybeggedjustenoughtosavehimself,forthelawsagainstbeggingwerestringent,andthepunishmentheavy;soheputinagooddealofhistimelisteningtoAndrew’scharmingoldtalesandlegendsaboutgiantsandfairies,dwarfsandfairies,castles,andattractivekingsandprinces.Hisheadgrewtobefullofthesewonderfulthings,andmanyanightashelayinthedarkonhisunpleasantstraw,tired,hungry,heunleashed(释放)hisimaginationandsoonforgothisachesandpainsindeliciouspicturingstohimselfofthecharminglifeofaprinceinaroyalpalace.Onedesirecameintimetohaunt(萦绕)himdayandnight:itwastoseearealprince,withhisowneyes.Hespokeofitoncetosomeofhisfriends;buttheylaughedathimsohewasgladtokeephisdreamtohimselfafterthat.Heoftenreadtheoldbooks.Hisdreamingsandreadingsworkedcertainchangesinhim,by-and-by.Hisdream-peopleweresofinethathegrewtoexpresshissorrowathisshabbyclothingandhisdirt.Hewentonplayinginthemudjustthesameandenjoyingit,too;but,insteadofsplashingaroundintheThamessolelyforthefunofit,hebegantofindanaddedvalueinitbecauseofthewashingsandcleansingsitafforded.By-and-byTom’sreadinganddreamingaboutprincelylifebroughtaboutsuchastrongeffectuponhimthathebegantoACTtheprince,unconsciously.Hisspeechandmannersbecamecuriouslyceremoniousandextremelypolite,tothevastadmirationandamusementofhisclosefriends.Tom’sinfluenceamongtheseyoungpeoplebegantogrownow,daybyday;andintimehecametobelookedupto,bythem,withasortofrespectandfear,asasuperiorbeing.Heseemedtoknowsomuch!Andhecoulddoandsaysuchmarvelousthings!Andhewassodeepandwise!Tom’sremarks,andTom’sperformances,werereportedbytheboystotheirelders;andthese,also,presentlybegantodiscussTom,andtoregardhimasamostgiftedandextraordinarycreature.Full-grownpeoplebroughttheirproblemstoTomforsolution,andwereoftenastonishedatthewitandwisdomofhisdecisions.Infacthewasbecomeaherotoallwhoknewhimexcepthisownfamily—these,only,sawnothinginhim.12．Whatdoestheunderlineword“stringent”inparagraph1mean?A．Fair. B．Equal. C．Strict. D．Common.13．WhatdidTomdreamabout?A．Owningacharmingcastle.B．Livinginaroyalpalace.C．Beggingenoughfoodfromothers.D．Meetingarealprinceinperson.14．Accordingtoparagraph2,Tom________.A．begantocareabouthisappearanceB．wasunwillingtoplayinthemudC．feltsorryforhisdirtylifeD．triedtofindvaluablethingsintheThames15．WhatcanweinferaboutTom’sreadinganddreamingfromparagraph4?A．TheybroughtTomalotofpraises.B．TheymadeTomahero.C．TheyhelpedTomwinrespect.D．Theychangedhimintoafull-grownperson.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位贫儿，不甘平庸，敢于梦想，努力提升自己，并赢得他人尊敬的故事。12．C【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Heonlybeggedjustenoughtosavehimself,forthelawsagainstbeggingwerestringent,andthepunishmentheavy;(他乞讨的钱刚够养活自己，因为禁止乞讨的法律非常stringent，并且处罚非常严厉)”可知，对乞讨行为处罚非常重，禁行的法规非常严格。“stringent”意思是严格的。故选C项。13．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Onedesirecameintimetohaunt(萦绕)himdayandnight:itwastoseearealprince,withhisowneyes.Hespokeofitoncetosomeofhisfriends;buttheylaughedathimsohewasgladtokeephisdreamtohimselfafterthat.(有一个愿望一直萦绕在他心头，那就是亲眼见到一位真正的王子。他把这样的梦想说给他的一些朋友，但是他们却对此嗤之以鼻。所以从那以后他将这个梦想保守在心底)”可知，汤姆曾梦想着亲眼遇到一位王子。故选D项。14．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“but,insteadofsplashingaroundintheThamessolelyforthefunofit,hebegantofindanaddedvalueinitbecauseofthewashingsandcleansingsitafforded.(但是汤姆并非只是在泰晤士河中戏水玩乐，他开始寻找到了戏水新的价值：净化和清洗)”可知，在泰晤士河中戏水，汤姆试图找到了全新的意义。故选D项。15．C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“andintimehecametobelookedupto,bythem,withasortofrespectandfear,asasuperiorbeing.(那时，他逐渐地受到身边的人的尊敬。他们对他充满敬意，对他的独特才能充满惊异)”可知，汤姆的梦想和阅读，极大地提升了他的个人气质和智慧，并赢得了他人的尊敬。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2021·山东济南市·高一期末）WaystoDevelopaReadingHabitYouknowreadingisgoodforyou,butyoucan'tseemtoconcentrateonreadingabook.Yougetafewpagesinandthengetdistracted.Youendupdraggingthebookaroundformonths,movingitfromthecoffeetabletoyourbedsidetabletoyourbriefcase,butyouneverseemtofindtimetoactuallyreadit.Ifyou'retiredofthat,don'tworry.16．■Maketimeforit.Unlessyouschedulereadingtimeinyourbusyday,youmaynotbeabletosqueezeit.17．Bydoingsoyouassignasenseofimportancetoit,andthiswillensurethatyoutreatreadingwithrespectratherthanignoringit.■Makereadinglist.Doabitofresearchifyourpreviouschoicesofauthorshavebeenuninspiring.18．Anythingbeyond20booksforanentireyearcouldbetooambitiousifyou'rejustgettingstartedasanewreader.■19．Readingismeanttobeanenjoyable,eye-openingexperience.Ifyoufindyourselfstressingoutoryawningoveradifficultorboringbook,dogiveittryforafewmorepagesbutgiveupifitendsupupsettingyou.■Readtosomeone.Agreatwaytogetintoreadingmoreistoreadtosomeoneelse:anelderlypersonorafriend'schildoryourownsonordaughter.20．Itwillmakethelistenerfeelinspired,andasforyou,youwillhaveareadingassignmentthathelpsyousticktoyourreadinghabit!A．Putbookbagseverywhere.B．Knowwhentogiveupabook.C．Juststayawayfromthosewhohavereadit.D．Therearemanywaysyoucanturnintoabooklover.E.Createalistwithexcitingbooksandstories-justdon'toverdoit.F.Readingtoothersisafascinatingwaytosharethepleasureofreading.G.Evenifyoucanonlydevote15minutesforreading,doputitinyourschedule.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了几种养成好的阅读习惯的方法。16．D【解析】根据上文“…youcan'tseemtoconcentrateonreadingabook….youneverseemtofindtimetoactuallyreadit.Ifyou'retiredofthat,don'tworry.(……你似乎无法集中精力看书。……你似乎永远都找不到时间去读它。如果你对此感到厌倦，别担心。)”再根据以下几个段落所给出的方法可知，该空处应起到承上启下的作用，如果你还没有养成好的阅读习惯，通过阅读下文可以帮到你。选项D.Therearemanywaysyoucanturnintoabooklover.(有很多方法可以让你成为一个爱好书的人)符合语境，故选D。17．G【解析】根据本段的小标题Maketimeforit(抽出时间去阅读)和上文“Unlessyouschedulereadingtimeinyourbusyday,youmaynotbeabletosqueezeit.(除非你在忙碌的日子里安排阅读时间，否则你可能挤不出时间来。)”可知，每天都要安排出阅读时间并把它列入日程表，这样做的话，你就能更重视它而不是忽略，选项G.Evenifyoucanonlydevote15minutesforreading,doputitinyourschedule.(即使你只能花15分钟阅读，也要把它写进你的日程表。)符合语境，故选G。18．E【解析】根据本段小标题Makereadinglist和下文“Anythingbeyond20booksforanentireyearcouldbetooambitiousifyou'rejustgettingstartedasanewreader.(如果你只是一个初学读书的人，那么一年读20本书就太过雄心勃勃了。)”可知，要列出令你感兴趣的书目清单，但是作为一个初学读书的人一次不要罗列过多，选项E.Createalistwithexcitingbooksandstories-justdon'toverdoit.(列出感兴趣的书籍和故事——但不要做过头。)符合语境，故选E。19．B【解析】本题为副标题，根据本段内容“Ifyoufindyourselfstressingoutoryawningoveradifficultorboringbook,dogiveittryforafewmorepagesbutgiveupifitendsupupsettingyou.(如果你发现自己因为一本困难或无聊的书而压力山大或打哈欠，试着多读几页，但如果最终它让你心烦，就放弃吧。)”，可知，读书应该是一种快乐的体验，如果读书让你感觉压力或无聊，那就放弃它，选项B.Knowwhentogiveupabook.(知道什么时候放弃一本书。)符合语境，故选B。20．F【解析】根据下文“Itwillmakethelistenerfeelinspired,andasforyou,youwillhaveareadingassignmentthathelpsyousticktoyourreadinghabit!(它会让听者感到鼓舞，而对你来说，你会有一个阅读任务，帮助你坚持你的阅读习惯)”可知，读给他人听可以激励别人，也能够帮助你坚持养成阅读习惯，于人于己都大有裨益，因此读书给别人听是一种极好的阅读方式，选项F.Readingtoothersisafascinatingwaytosharethepleasureofreading.(读书给别人听是一种分享阅读乐趣的绝妙方式。)符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2021·广东东莞市·高一期中）WhenIwas10,Iwasdiagnosed(诊断)withcancer.Duringtreatment,Iunderstoodeverythingbutthe21ofmycase.ItwasnotuntilrecentlythatIrealizedhowsickIwasthen.ThisNovemberof2021willmarkmyfiveyearsofchemotherapy(化疗)andIwillbefinally22ofcancer.Iknowsickchildrenoftenfeltblue.Inordertohelpbrightentheir23,IcreatedaprogramthroughwhichIbroughtcelebrities(名人)children24andrespectedtovisittheminhospitals.ThejoyIreceivedfrombeingableto25thechildren’sdaywasindescribable(难以形容的).Thisfall,Iwillentermyjunioryearofhighschool.IlovelearningandItruly26thetimespentinschoolbecauseduringchemotherapytreatmentsIwasoftentoo27toattend.Anotherbigpartofmylifeis28activity.Duringmytreatmentitwasveryhardformetowalk—letalone29.Afterfinishingchemotherapymymain30wasbeingabletorunandplay31again.I’moverjoyedtosayI’vebeenableto32thataim.Beingabletostandonthecourtandplaysportsagainisanamazingfeeling.Tomeit’simportanttoconveyamessageofpositivityandhopethatanyonecanmakethemostofanysituationinlife.Manydon’t33andthinkit’sstrangewhenIsaythis,butI’mtrulygratefulthatIhadcancer.Havingexperiencedthat,Ihavebecomebraveandhavealsogained34forlife.Iknowwithdeterminationeveryonecanfollowtheir35.21．A．development B．seriousness C．name D．cause22．A．warned B．told C．suspected D．cured23．A．future B．spirits C．rooms D．way24．A．attracted B．impressed C．admired D．missed25．A．makeup B．carryon C．resultin D．lightup26．A．kill B．save C．value D．waste27．A．weak B．young C．lazy D．busy28．A．mental B．indoor C．physical D．social29．A．swim B．run C．jump D．lie30．A．goal B．task C．problem D．idea31．A．cards B．chess C．sports D．music32．A．further B．kick C．set D．achieve33．A．speak B．understand C．apologize D．remember34．A．appreciation B．energy C．ambition D．honesty35．A．steps B．examples C．suggestions D．Dreams【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，作者10岁的时候就被确诊为癌症患者，既要化疗又要上学。他的目标就是能够跑步，并能再次进行体育锻炼，作者最终实现了自己的目标。他希望任何人都能充分享受当下的生活，并追逐自己的梦想。21．B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：治疗期间，我明白一切，但不知道我的病情有多么的严重。A.development发展；B.seriousness严重；C.name名字；D.cause原因。根据后文“ItwasnotuntilrecentlythatIrealizedhowsickIwasthen.”可知，作者当时病情很严重，故选B。22．D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年的11月将是我五年化疗的日子，我的癌症最终会被治愈。A.warned警告；B.told告诉；C.suspected怀疑；D.cured治愈。根据第三段最后一句“Beingabletostandonthecourtandplaysportsagainisanamazingfeeling.”可知，作者的癌症成功被治愈，故选D。23．B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助他们振作精神，我创建了一个项目，通过这个项目，我带着孩子们崇拜和尊敬的名人去医院看望孩子们。A.future未来;B.spirits精神;C.rooms房间;D.way方法。根据前文“feltblue”可知，患癌症的孩子心情沮丧，因而需要振奋精神，故选B。24．C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.attracted吸引;B.impressed给…留下印象;C.admired钦佩;D.missed想念。根据本句celebrities(名人)以及respected可知，作者找来了一些孩子们崇拜的名人来关心这些孩子，故选C。25．D【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：能够让孩子们的一天露出喜色给我带来的快乐是无法形容的。A.makeup编造；B.carryon继续；C.resultin导致；D.lightup使露出喜色。根据前文“Inordertohelpbrightentheir23,Icreatedaprogram…”可知，作者做这些事情就是让孩子们露出喜色。故选D。26．C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我热爱学习，我真的很珍惜在学校的时间，因为在化疗期间，我常常虚弱得无法上学。A.kill杀死;B.save挽救;C.value珍惜;D.waste浪费。根据前文“Ilovelearning”可知，作者热爱学习，所以很珍惜在学校的时间，故选C。27．A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.weak虚弱的;B.young年轻的;C.lazy懒惰的;D.busy忙碌的。根据“becauseduringchemotherapytreatments”可知，作者因为化疗太虚弱，故选A。28．C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另外一个主要的活动就是身体锻炼。A.mental精神上的;B.indoor户内的;C.physical身体上的;D.social社交的。根据上文;因为身体虚弱，所以生活的另一个内容就是身体锻炼，故选C。29．B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我治疗期间很难走路，更不必说跑。A.swim游泳;B.run跑;C.jump跳;D.lie躺。根据前文“Duringmytreatmentitwasveryhardformetowalk”可知，因为化疗很难走路，所以跑步也是很难的，故选B。30．A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我完成化疗之后我的主要目标就是能够跑步，并能再次进行体育锻炼。A.goal目标;B.task任务;C.problem问题:D.idea主意，想法。根据后文“thataim”可知，作者当时的主要目标就是能够跑步，故选A。31．C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我完成化疗之后我的主要目标就是能够跑步，并能再次进行体育锻炼。A.cards卡片;B.chess围棋;C.sports运动;D.music音乐。根据前文“physicalactivities”可知，作者的主要目标就是运动，故选C。32．D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以欣喜若狂地说我已经能够实现我的目标。A.further促进;B.kick踢;C.set树立;D.achieve取得，实现。根据后文“Beingabletostandonthecourtandplaysportsagainisanamazingfeeling.”可知，作者化疗成功治愈癌症，能够运动，故选D。33．B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多人不明白，觉得我说这话很奇怪，但我真的很感激我得了癌症。A.speak说；B.understand明白；C.apologize道歉；D.remember记得。根据本句“thinkit’sstrange”可知，很多人无法理解作者的意图，故选B。34．A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经历了这些，我变得勇敢，也获得了对生活的感激。A.appreciation感激；B.energy能量；C.ambition抱负；D.honesty诚实。根据前一句“butI’mtrulygratefulthatIhadcancer.”可知，此处需用名词appreciation，表示对生活的感激。故选A。35．D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道只要有决心，每个人都可以追随自己的梦想。A.steps步伐;B.examples例子;C.suggestions建议;D.dreams梦想。根据文章可知，作者通过自己的努力，治愈癌症，实现自己的梦想，故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2021·山东青岛市·高一期中）bytheBBCasoneofthemostinfluential36．(figure)ofscienceinthe20thCenturyalongwithAlbertEinsteinandAlanMathisonTuring.TuYouyouwasnotedforherbraveryinbeingascientistduringadifficulttimeforscienceinChina,herabilitytouseold37．(wise)andnewmethodstoachievehergoalsandthefactthatherwork38．(bridge)theEasternandWesternworlds,39．(save)millionsoflives.In1969,Tu40．(choose)toestablishateamtofindacureformalaria.Thiswasnotaneasytask.Thereasonwhythiswasdifficultwasthattheteamhad41．(limit)resources.Theydidnothaveenoughstaff,andthelaboratory42．theyworkedhadpoorairquality.However,afterhundredsoffailedexperiments,theyeventuallycameacrossapromisingchemical.Itworkedwellinexperimentsonanimals,43．theyhadtoknowifitwassafeforhumans.Tu44．(brave)volunteeredtobethefirsthumansubjectwhentheywerereadytostarttestingandtherestofherteamfollowedher.Thetestwas45．success.Themedicinetheydiscovered,artemisinin,hasnowbecometheworld’smosteffectivedrugforfightingmalaria.Manyhaveheardofshark’sfinsoup.【答案】36．figures37．wisdom38．bridged39．saving40．waschosen41．limited42．where43．but44．bravely45．a【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一——屠呦呦。36．考查名词复数。句意：2019年，屠呦呦与爱因斯坦、图灵一起被英国广播公司评选为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一。固定结构“oneof+名词复数”表示“……之一”。故填figures。37．考查名词。句意：屠呦呦以其在中国科学困难时期作为一名科学家的勇气而闻名，她用旧智慧和新方法实现自己目标的能力，以及她的工作在东西方世界之间架起了桥梁，挽救了数百万人的生命。此处与newmethods是并列成分，作use的宾语，应用名词wisdom，不可数名词。故填wisdom。38．考查动词时态。句意同上。分析可知，设空处为同位语从句的谓语动词，根据语境及TuYouyouwasnotedfor可知，此处描述的是过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填bridged。39．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，该词和主语TuYouyou是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填saving。40．考查动词时态及语态。句意：1969年，屠呦呦被选中成立了一个团队来寻找疟疾的治疗方法。此处与主语TuYouyou是逻辑被动关系，应用被动语态，由In1969可知，应用一般过去时。故填waschosen。41．考查形容词。句意：这之所以困难是因为团队的资源有限。根据句意可知，此处应用形容词limited“有限的”，作定语，修饰名词resources。故填limited。42．考查定语从句。句意：没有足够的员工，他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是laboratory，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。43．考查连词。句意：它在动物身上的实验效果很好，但他们必须知道它对人类是否安全。根据句意可知，前后句意形成转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。44．考查副词。句意：当他们准备开始测试时，屠勇敢地自愿成为第一个人类实验对象，她的团队的其他成员也跟着她。此处修饰动词volunteered，应用副词。故填bravely。45．考查冠词。句意：测试是成功的。根据语境可知，此处抽象名词具体化，success指“成功的人或事”，应用不定冠词，且该词的发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）（2021·山东菏泽市·高一期末）英语老师要求同学们写一篇题为TheclassmateIadmirebest的英语短文，请你结合以下要点介绍一下你的同学李华：1.学习方面；2.性格；3.师生关系。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】TheclassmateIadmirebestisLiHua,whoisverypopularamongus.LiHuadevotesmuchenergytohislessons,sohe'salwaysoneofthetopstudentsinourclass.What'smore,LiHuaisverykindandhelpful.Heisalwayswillingtohelpothers,andheoftenhelpsuswhenwehavesomedifficultiesinourstudies.Haditnotbeenforhishelp,Icouldn'thavemadesuchprogress.Besides,LiHuagetsalongwellwithourteachers.IbelieveIcanlearnalotfromhim.【分析】本篇书