2023年全国高等教育自学考试法理学试题

全国2023年7月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterinthebracket.(30%)1.Grammariansinsistthatawordbea__________formthatcanfunctioninasentence.()A.smallB.largeC.fixedD.free2.IntheearlieststageofEnglish,thewrittenformofawordshould________thatoftheoralform.()A.agreewithB.disagreewithC.bethesameasD.bedifferentfrom3.____________consistsoftechnicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicareasasinmedicine,mathematics,etc.()A.TerminologyB.JargonC.SlangD.Argot4.Social,economicandpoliticalchangesbringaboutsuchnewwordsasthefollowingsEXCEPT_________.()A.fastfoodB.TVdinnerC.MaojacketsD.Watergate5.RevivingarchaicwordsalsocontributestothegrowthofEnglishvocabulary.Forinstance,“loan”,whichwasprevalentinthethirteenthcentury,wasreplacedby“__________”inAmericanEnglish.()A.ownB.letC.rentD.lend6.IfwesaythatOldEnglishwasalanguageof__________endings,MiddleEnglishwasoneofleveledendings.()A.fullB.shortC.longD.paralleled7.Thepluralmorpheme“-s”ispronouncedas/z/inthefollowingwordsEXCEPT______________.()A.bottlesB.eggsC.zoosD.maps8.Thereis/are_____________freemorphemicword(s)inthefollowingwords:wind,man,reddish,collection.()A.lB.2C.3D.49.ThefollowingwordshaveinflectionalaffixesEXCEPT____________.()A.likesB.dislikeC.likingD.liked10.Themostproductivemeansofword-formationarethefollowingEXCEPT_______________.()A.affixationB.blendingC.compoundingD.conversion11.Prefixesgenerallydonotchangethe__________ofthestem.()A.meaningB.formC.wordclassD.pronunciation12.Theword“dorm”isformedby_________clipping.()A.backB.frontC.phraseD.frontandback13.Theword“reading-lamp”is_______motivated.()A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologicallyC.semanticallyD.etymologically14.Thesynonymouspairof“ask-question”hasthesame___________.()A.motivationB.valueC.functionD.concept15.Inthesentence“Eastorwest,homeisbest”,“home”hasits__________meaningof“family,safety,love”,etc.()A.grammaticalB.connotativeC.stylisticD.collocative16.Semantically,awordwhichisrelatedtootherwordsisrelatedtothemin____________。()A.senseB.spellingC.morphemeD.rootandstem17._____________,thederivedmeanings,nomatterhowmany,aresecondaryincomparison.()A.SynchronicallyB.DiachronicallyC.EtymologicallyD.Onomatopoeically18.Theantonymsusedintheproverb“Speechissilver;silenceisgolden”are____________.()A.speech-silenceB.golden-silverC.speech-silverD.silence-golden19.InShakespeareanline‘Ratsandmiceandsuchsmalldeer’,‘6deer’obviouslydesignates‘animal’ingeneral.Therefore‘deer’isatypicalexampleof_________.()A.extensionB.elevationC.narrowingD.degradation20.Observationshowsthatitismuchmorecommonforwordmeaningstochangeindenotationfromneutralto____________thanitisforthemtogotheotherway.()A.importantB.agreeableC.respectiveD.pejorative

21.Amongthefollowingwordsonly“________”expressesthepropertyofelevation.()A.lustB.criticizeC.knightD.silly22.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemainfunctionsofcontext?()A.Eliminationofambiguity.B.Indicationforreferents.C.Understandingofculturalbackground.D.Provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning.23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacontextclue?()A.Definition.B.Example.C.Synonymy.D.Sentencestructure.24.Thesentence“Theballwasattractive”isambiguousdueto_______________.()A.grammaticalstructureB.lexicalcontextC.homonymyD.polysemy25.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthecharacteristicsofidioms?()A.Semanticunity.B.Lexicalmanipulation.C.Phoneticunity.D.Structuralvariation.26.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftherhetoriccharacteristicsofidiomsingeneral?()A.Stylisticfeatures.B.Syntacticalfeatures.C.Rhetoricalfeatures.D.Occasionalvariations.27.Theidiom“bedofdust”isa___________asfarasfiguresofspeechareconcerned.()A.simileB.metaphorC.metonymyD.personification28.CollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguageDictionaryisa(n)_____________dictionary.()A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.encyclopedic29.Whenwechooseadictionary,weshouldnotpayattentiontowhetheritis_____________.()A.monolingualorbilingualB.generalorspecializedC.earlyorlateD.unabridgedorabridged30.ReaderswillusuallyfindinageneraldictionarythefollowingareasofinformationofawordEXCEPT_______________.()A.spellingB.definitionC.pronunciationD.differencewithitssynonymsII.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.(15%)31.Thejargonofcriminalsisgenerallyreferredas_____________.32.FromthehistoricaloverviewoftheEnglishvocabulary,thelanguagespokenfrom1150to1500iscalled_____________English.33.Themorphemeisthesmallest_____________unitinthecompositionofwords.34.Theformationofnewwordsbyjoiningtwoormorestemsiscalled__________________.35.Unlikeconceptualmeaning,__________________meaningisopen-endedandindeterminate.36.Fromthe_______________pointofview,polysemyisassumedtobetheresultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandsameword.37.Changinginword______________hasneverceasedsincethelanguagecameintobeingandwillcontinueinthefuture.38.Basedonthe______________________context,wecandeterminethemeaningof“dotheflowers”as“arrangetheflowers”.39.Thestylisticfeaturesofidiomsare___________________,slangandliteraryexpressions.40.Theuser-friendlyfeaturesofLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglishareitscleargrammarcodes,____________________andlanguagenotes.III.Definethefollowingterms.(15%)41.freemorphemes42.allomorphs43.affixation44.polysemy45.linguisticcontextIV.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.Writeyouranswersinthespacegivenbelow.(20%)46.Whatisthedifferencebetweenrootandstem?47.Whatiscollocativemeaningofaword?Pleasetake“pretty”and“handsome”asanexampletoillustrateyourpoint.48.Bythecriterionofgrammaticalfunctions,idiomsmaybeclassifiedintofivegroups.Namethefivegroupsandmatchthefollowingexpressionswiththemastheirexamplesrespectively.“whiteelephant”“lookinto”“beyondthepale”“toothandnail”“Neverdothingsbyhalves.”49.Whatcontextualcluesdoyouoftenusetohelpyouinguessingthemeaningsofnewwords?Demonstratetheseclueswithexamples.V.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing.Writeyouranswersinthespacegivenbelow.(20%)50.AnalyzeandcommentonthefollowingTWOsentencestoillustratethedifferencesbetweenblendingandclipping.Theprogramwillbetelecastsimultaneouslytonearly150cities.Itsoundsmuchbetterinstereo.51.Analyzethefollowingdialogueandcommentontherhetoricuseofhomonyminitalicizedfont.A:“WhyisSundaythestrongestday?”B:“Becausealltheothersareweekdays.”温馨提醒：由于很多试题(重要是主观题)，其答案并不是唯一的，甚至是开放的，一道题的解题思绪是多种多样的，从实行素质教育的规定出发，应当鼓励自考生用多样的思绪解题。正是由于如此，在评卷过程中，往往会根据考生的作答情况，对评分标准进行调整，也正因如此，教育部把国家教育考试靠后的评分标准仍然列为秘密材料。因此教育部不在网上公布答案，请考生谅解。一、简述“文化”名称的来源。(1)关于“文”的解释：①“文”的本义是“错画”，也就是花纹。②“文”的引申义：在人类认知领域，“文”引申为后天形成的品德、修养，与表达先天素质的“质”相对;在政治领域，“文”引申为“文治教化”，主张运用礼乐教化提高人们的修养而使国家安定，与诉诸军事征服他国的“武功”相对;在天文和人文的区别上，天文指的是自然现象和规律，人文指的是社会现象和规律。(2)关于“化”的解释：“化”的本义是改易，既涉及从无到有的“造化”，也涉及宇宙生成以后的“演化”和“分化”。(3)“文化”合起来的解释：中国经典的“文化”是指人的后天修养与精神、物质的发明。二、为什么说中国文化属于国别文化?(1)它有着共同的文化源，各民族共同发明了上古的青铜文化，各民族共同开发了黄河中下游的中原大地;(2)多元的各民族文化，在历史发展过程中互相交流、互相渗透、互相促进，有许多交融和契合的地方，形成了多元一体的格局;(3)汉民族文化在整个中华文化中起主导作用，是中华文化的主体文化，它在共同体文化的形成和发展中起到了团结和凝聚各民族文化的作用。三、什么是两个文化层面，它们的互相关系如何?两个文化层面指上层文化与底层文化。(1)上层文化：指宫廷文化与上层文人所发明、拥有的文化。(2)底层文化：指民间文化，即不依赖于统治阶级的广大人民及其精英人物所发明、拥有的文化。(3)两个文化层面的关系：两个文化层面就其来源，都是原始文化的传承，它们虽在后代有所分化，产生了差异甚至对立，但深究其内在的精神又互相关联、互相补充。民族文化与国别文化都是由这两个文化层面联合构成的。两个文化层面缺一不成其为完整的中华文化。中华文化的优秀传统，是两个层面文化精华的苦奉。四、为什么说文化是一个历史概念?(1)文化是一个历史概念。文化的历史传播：上层文化是以文字典籍为媒体的，而底层文化重要靠口头传承。以文化的特质变化为前提，用有关文化的重大事件和典籍事象为界线，文化流变的历史阶段划分是可以操作的。(2)我们说文化是一个历史的概念，应当从两个方面来结识：一方面，一切文化事象都在一定的历史背景下存在、变异、发展，从而具有某一时代的特色;另一方面，文化是在历时传承的过程中积淀并确立了自身的传统。五、简述中国传统文化与中国古代文化的区别。中国古代文化是针对现代文化而言，它是对文化的时代划分;传统文化是对文化的传承而言的，它强调的是文化的本源和沿着这个本源传承下来的所有文化遗产，它不局限于古代，而是迄今为止中华民族通过筛选、淘汰，不断丰富又不断增长的人文精神的总和。六、中国文化概论课程的性质是什么?中国文化概论课立足于用马克思主义的文化观点，对中国传统文化的重要问题进行介绍和阐释。在中国文化领域里，它不仅要关注一切上层文化的研究成果，也要研究吸取底层民俗文化的诸多成果。它是一门兼顾历史的关于中国国别文化的基础知识和基本理论课程，是中国传统文化学的人门课程。七、简述中国文化概论课程的基本内容。(1)有关文化的一般概念。中国文化概论在文化的外延问题上与大文化的概念一致，但在对具体问题的论述上尽量注意从人文精神的角度出发。(2)中国文化赖以存在的地理环境。本课程所阐述的地理环