江苏省如皋市2025届高三英语下学期模拟考试试题二含解析

PAGE30-江苏省如皋市2025届高三英语下学期模拟考试试题（二）（含解析）第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatisLucydoing?A.WatchingTV.B.Doinghershopping.C.Attendingaconcert.2.Whereisthewoman'sphone?A.Onthetable.B.Onthesofa.C.Onthebed.3.Whyisthemantalkingtothewoman?A.Toinvitehertoaparty.B.Tomakeatravelplan.C.Toaskaboutherholiday.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Interviewerandinterviewee.B.Salespersonandcustomer.C.Bossandemployee.5.InwhichseasondidthewomangettoPrague?A.Insummer.B.Inautumn.C.Inwinter.其次节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Seasons.B.Photos.C.Villages.7.Whichphotodoesthemanlikebest?A.Theonetakeninwinter.B.Theonetakeninsummer.C.Theonetakeninspring.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherbestfriend?A.She'shard-working.B.She'sclever.C.She'stalkative.9.Whomdidthewomanvisitduringherlastvacation?A.Herclassmate.B.Herbestfriend.C.Hergrandparents.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisgoodatmath.B.ShelikesthenovelaboutAnneBoleyn.C.ShevisitedmuseumsandpalacesinEngland.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11WhatmadethewomandissatisfiedwiththeT-shit?A.Thenameofthestoreonit.B.Thestainonit.C.Thesize.12.Whycan'tthewomanreturntheT-shirt?A.ShehaswormitB.Itwasboughttoolongago.C.Thereisnothingwrongwithit.13.Whatdoesthewomandoatlast?A.KeeptheT-shirt.B.Payextraforthebelt.C.ExchangetheT-shirtforanotherone.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Howdidthemanlearntoskateboard?A.Hehadafewlessons.B.Hepracticedbyvideo.C.Hiscousintaughthim.15.Wheredoesthemanwanttoskateboardmost?A.Bythebeach.B.Atacitysquare.C.Onabasketballcourt16.Whatdoesthemansayaboutkeepingfit?A.Hefindsithardtoworkinthegym.B.Hehaschangedhistrainingroutine.C.Heshouldskateboardmoreoften.17.Whatdoesthemanadviseyoungpeopletakingupskateboardingtodo?A.Focusonasmallnumberofmoves.B.Buyacheapboardtobeginwith.C.Haveplentyofpatience.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Howlongwillthewritingremainperfectlyclear?A.Atleast3days.B.About20minutes.C.Lessthan10minutes.19.Whatcanmakethewritingdisappearmorequickly?A.Chemicals.B.Light.C.Heat.20.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlyinventedpaper?A.Itcanbeusedupto20times.B.Itmightmakeinkwidelyused.C.Itwillreplacetheordinarypaper.其次部分语言学问运用第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请仔细阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.Thoughhisplanwasatotal______fromestablishedpractices,theresultwassatisfying.A.substitute B.prohibition C.departure D.judgment【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的支配完全违反了既定的惯例，结果还是令人满足的。A.substitute替代品；B.prohibition禁止，禁令；C.departure离开，违反；D.judgment推断，裁判。依据“theresultwassatisfying”和转折连词“Though”可知，此处用departure。故选C。2.Anintervieweeshouldbegoodatgraspingeveryopportunity_____heissupposedtoshowhisbestselftoothers.A.when B.where C.that D.which【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个应聘者应当抓住每一个向别人展示最好自己的机会。先行词opportunity在从句中是抽象地点，其后所跟的定语从句往往是陈述这些活动或状况中所发生的事情，应用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故选B。3.Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leavingmanyproblems______.A.tobesettled B.tosettle C.settled D.havingsettled【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们匆忙忙忙地结束了会议，留下了许多问题等待解决。依据句意可知，这些问题是等待解决的，故用不定式作宾语补足语，不定式表示未发生的动作；problems与settle之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选A。4.It'sacompletepitythatyoumissedthewonderfullecture.Terriblysorry!_____myformercolleaguenotcometomeunexpectedly.A.Should B.Would C.Had D.Did【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟倒装。句意：—你错过了那场精彩的演讲，真是太缺憾了！—特别愧疚，要是我以前的同事没有突然来找我就好了。依据句意可知，此处是对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，谓语动词是had，if可以省略，但是要用倒装语序。故选C。5.Teachersshouldbeawarethatstudentsmayforgetwhatyoutaughtorwhatyoudid,buttheywillneverforget___youmadethemfeel.A.why B.how C.what D.that【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：老师们应当意识到，学生或许会遗忘你教过的学问或做过的事情，但是他们恒久不会遗忘你带给他们的感受。空格处缺少状语，即“你带给了他们怎样的感受”，所以要用连词how。故选B。6.Iguessthere'slittlechancethatwecanmanagetochangethepresentsituationworldwide_____,itisimportantthatwetryourbest.A.Furthermore B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Nevertheless【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：我猜我们几乎没有可能变更目前世界上的这种状况，不管怎样，重要的是我们要尽最大的努力。A.Furthermore此外，而且；B.Otherwise否则；C.Therefore因此；D.Nevertheless不管怎样。依据句意并结合四个选项可知，此处用nevertheless。故选D。7.It'sunnecessarythatyoucomplainaboutthepowercutfor_____repairworkaboutthelineisbeingcarriedoutforthecominghurricane.A.extensive B.investigative C.conservative D.explosive【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你没有必要埋怨停电，因为正在为即将到来的飓风进行全面的检修线路工作。A.extensive大量的，广泛的，全面的；B.investigative探讨的，调查的；C.conservative保守的；D.explosive爆炸的，爆发性的。依据空格后的repairwork并结合选项可知，此处指全面的检修线路工作。故选A。8.Thecostoflivingrecently_____steadilybecauseofepidemicofCOVID-19,leadingsomepeopletodropoutofthebigcityrace.A.isclimbing B.isbeingclimbed C.hasbeenclimbing D.hasbeenclimbed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：最近，由于COVID-19的流行，生活成本始终在稳步攀升，导致一些人退出了大城市的竞争。由时间状语formanyyears以及逗号后分句的时态可知，此处表示过去发生并且仍在进行的动作，故用现在完成进行时。故选C。9.Seethingsinanegativelightandyouwillfindfaultseverywhereandproblemswheretherearereally_______.A.none B.noone C.something D.nothing【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查不定代词的用法。句意：你用消极的眼光看待事物，你会发觉到处都是错误，而事实上根本没有什么问题。A.none无，没有；B.noone没有人；C.something某事；D.nothing什么都没有。none示意一种数量，即在数量上“一个也没有”。故选A。10.Mostspendingthatresultsindebtislikeadrug:aquickhitofpleasurethat_____onlytodragyoudownforyearstocome.A.setsoff B.showsoff C.takesoff D.wearsoff【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数导致债务的消费就像毒品一样，很快快感就会消退，只会让你在接下来的几年里萎靡不振。A.setsoff动身，引起，动身；B.showsoff炫耀，卖弄；C.takesoff起飞，脱下，离开；D.wearsoff磨损，渐渐消逝。依据空格后的“onlytodragyoudownforyearstocome”并结合选项可知，此处指很快快感就会消退。故选D。11.KatelostallhisthreegamestoAlphaGo,world'stophumanplayer_____.A.althoughishe B.soheis C.asheis D.asishe【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查倒装句。句意：世界顶尖的人类棋手柯洁在与谷歌人工智能系统AlphaGo的对决中输掉了全部的三场竞赛。as引导的状语从句要用倒装结构，“名词+as+主语+谓语”。although引导让步状语从句，不倒装。故选C。12.Sorry,sir,butI'mstillveryconcernedaboutmydaughter.Relax.You'llbegladtoseeshe_____tohernewlifethenexttimeyoucome.A.accommodated B.hasaccommodatedC.willbeaccommodating D.willhaveaccommodated【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：—对不起，先生。但是我还是很担忧我的女儿。—放轻松。你下次来的时候，会很兴奋看到她已经适应了她的新生活。依据时间状语从句nexttimeyoucome.可知，此处表示的是将来某个时刻已经完成的动作，应当用将来完成时。故选D。13.Thedoctoralwaysseemsenergeticandhehasevenmanagedtopursuehisdiverseinterests_____hisfast-movingcareer.A.inrecognitionof B.inparallelwith C.intermsof D.incontrastwith【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个医生好像总是那么精力充足，他甚至能在事业快速发展的同时追求着自己广泛的爱好爱好。A.inrecognitionof承认；B.inparallelwith和……同时，和……一起；C.intermsof就……而言；D.incontrastwith与……相比。“hisdiverseinterests”和“hisfast-movingcareer”表并列，所以用inparallelwith。故选B。14.Eachmemberofthecommunityshouldacquiregoodhabitsand______theirbehaviorinanattempttocreateaharmoniousatmosphere.A.refresh B.regulate C.resemble D.reveal【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为营造和谐的氛围，社会的每一个成员都应当养成好习惯并约束自己的行为。A.refresh更新，使……复原；B.regulate约束，限制，管理；C.resemble类似，像；D.reveal显示，透露。依据“tocreateaharmoniousatmosphere”并结合句意可知，此处指约束自己的行为，应用regulate。故选B。15.Great!Youlooksmartinthatsuit.MymothergaveittomefortheSpringFestival.Youknow,______.A.itisthethoughtthatcounts B.beautyisintheeyeofthebeholderC.eachbirdlovestohearhimselfsing D.theoutsiderseesthemostofthegame【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——太好看了！你穿那件衣服真帅气！——我妈妈春节的时候给我的。你知道的，它物有所值。A.物超所值；B.情人眼里出西施；C.每只鸟都宠爱听自己唱歌；D.旁观者清。依据“Youlooksmartinthatsuit.”并结合语境可知，此处要用物超所值。故选A。其次节完形填空（共20题满分20分每题1分）阅读下面短文，结合语境从选项ABCD中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Throughouthistory,theworldlooksforheroesintimesofuncertainty.Butwhatmakesahero?Acape(披风)andtights?Heroismissomethingthateveryoneofuscanaspire(渴望)to,butnotallofuswill___16___.Ittakesaspecialkindofpersontobeahero:bravery,compassion,___17___andsacrifice.InapaperpublishedinReviewofGeneralPsychology,researcherBlau,FrancoandZimbardoagreedona___18___ofheroism:Heroesvoluntarilyserveothersinneedandarewillingtomake___19___fortheseactionswithoutexpectinganyrewardor___20___gain.Empathyandcompassionforothersarealsocommontraits(特质)thatallheroesseemtopossess.Peoplewhobecomeheroes___21___thepeoplearoundthemandarealsoabletoseethingsfromothers’___22___.Theyvaluethewell-beingofothers.Tobeahero,youmusthavecertainstrengths.___23___yourgoodintentions,tryingtobeaheroina___24___situationwhenyouhavenothingtoofferothersmaybefoolishandcould_____25_____moredifficultiesforrescueworkers.Forexample,firstaidtrainingor_____26_____ofkungfumaybeusefulincertainsituationsand_____27_____thepathforheroism."Heroes_____28_____giveusourmodelsofthingsthatweaspiretodo,"saidAmericanpsychologistNickCarden,accordingtoWALBNews.It'srelatedtocourage,integrity(正直)andhonesty,Cardenadded.Evenifyou_____29_____heroictraits,therightsituationmustariseinordertotrulybecomeahero.Onlywhentherearedangeroussituationscanaheroriseuptosavetheday.Thisistruebravery.Heroesareneededeveryday,andwecanreadabouttheminthemostrecentnews.Thereare_____30_____whorunintoburningbuildingstosavethepeopleinside.Doctorsandnursestreatsickpatientsdespitethe_____31_____ofbecomingsickthemselves._____32_____havechangedlivesbydonatingalifesavingorganorjustdoingafavorwhenthere'saneed.Eventhoughmostofuswon'tsavetheworld,wecanworkatdevelopingthe_____33_____insideofus.AmericanactorCristopherRevemostfamousforhis_____34_____asSuperman--said,"Aheroissomeonewho,inspiteofweakness,doubtornotalwaysknowingtheanswers,goesaheadandovercomes______35______.”16.A.anchor B.acknowledge C.appreciate D.achieve17.A.dedication B.ambition C.reputation D.restriction18.A.institution B.reservation C.definition D.routine19.A.preparations B.sacrifices C.arrangements D.allowances20.A.economic B.equal C.personal D.terminal21.A.carefor B.haveagoat C.counton D.haveaffectionfor22.A.identities B.descriptions C.perspectives D.similarities23.A.Beyond B.Despite C.Except D.Through24.A.superb B.concrete C.optional D.dangerous25.A.create B.mop C.accompany D.resist26.A.adaptation B.knowledge C.format D.guarantee27.A.squeeze B.design C.pave D.occupy28.A.frequently B.apparently C.dynamically D.basically29.A.own B.equip C.absorb D.envy30.A.psychologists B.firefighters C.supermen D.workers31.A.possibility B.condition C.affection D.risk32.A.Heroes B.Patients C.Others D.Rescuers33.A.compassion B.inspiration C.nurse D.hero34.A.role B.example C.dignity D.target35.A.someway B.anyway C.atrandom D.inparticular【答案】16.D17.A18.C19.B20.C21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.B31.D32.C33.D34.A35.B【解析】本文是一篇争论文。文章主要介绍了英雄的定义以及英雄须要具备的条件，英雄在我们生活中无处不在。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：英雄主义是我们每个人都能渴望的，但不是全部人都能实现的。A.anchor抛锚；B.acknowledge承认，致谢；C.appreciate观赏；D.achieve实现。由上文中的“everyoneofuscanaspire(渴望)to,butnotallofuswill”并结合语境可知，此处指每个人都能渴望的，但不是全部人都能实现的。故选D项。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英雄须要一种特殊的人：英勇、恻隐之心、奉献和牺牲。A.dedication奉献；B.ambition野心，理想；C.reputation名誉；D.restriction限制，约束。由下文中的“Heroesvoluntarilyserveothersinneedandarewillingtomake______fortheseactionswithoutexpectinganyrewardor______gain”并结合语境可知，此处应填英雄须要具备的条件之一：奉献。故选A项。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：津巴多同意英雄主义的定义。A.institution制度，建立；B.reservation预订，保留；C.definition定义；D.routine常规，惯例。后面的“Heroesvoluntarilyserveothersinneedandarewillingtomake______fortheseactionswithoutexpectinganyrewardor______gain”是对英雄的定义，所以此处要用definition。故选C项。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英雄自愿为有须要的人服务，情愿为这些行为做出牺牲，而不期望任何回报或个人利益。A.preparations打算；B.sacrifices牺牲；C.arrangements支配；D.allowances允许，津贴。由上文中的“Ittakesaspecialkindofpersontobeahero:bravery,compassion,______andsacrifice”并结合语境可知，此处指情愿为这些行为做出牺牲。故选B项。【20题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英雄自愿为有须要的人服务，情愿为这些行为做出牺牲，而不期望任何回报或个人利益。A.economic经济的；B.equal同等的；C.personal个人的；D.terminal终点的，无可挽回的。由上文中的“withoutexpectinganyrewardor”并结合语境可知，此处应用固定搭配personalgain，意为“私利”。故选C项。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：成为英雄的人关切身边的人，也能从别人的角度看问题。A.carefor关切；B.haveagoat尝试；C.counton希望，依靠；D.haveaffectionfor对……有影响。由上文中的“Heroesvoluntarilyserveothersinneed”并结合语境可知，此处指成为英雄的人关切身边的人。故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成为英雄的人关切身边的人，也能从别人的角度看问题。A.identities身份；B.descriptions描述；C.perspectives观点，视角；D.similarities相像点。依据下文Theyvaluethewell-beingofothers.可知，英雄也能够从别人的角度看问题。seethingsfromone’sperspective是固定用法，意为“从某人的角度看问题”。故选C项。【23题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管你的用意很好，但在危急的状况下，当你没有什么可以奉献给别人的时候，试图成为英雄可能是愚蠢的，可能会给救援人员带来更多的困难。A.Beyond超过；B.Despite尽管；C.Except除……之外；D.Through通过。由下文中的“maybefoolish”并结合语境可知，此处指尽管你的用意很好。故选B项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管你的用意很好，但在危急的状况下，当你没有什么可以奉献给别人的时候，试图成为英雄可能是愚蠢的，可能会给救援人员带来更多的困难。A.superb极好的；B.concrete详细的；C.optional可选择的；D.dangerous危急的。由下文中的“Onlywhentherearedangeroussituationscanaheroriseuptosavetheday.Thisistruebravery.”并结合语境可知，此处指在危急的状况下。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管你的用意很好，但在危急的状况下，当你没有什么可以奉献给别人的时候，试图成为英雄可能是愚蠢的，可能会给救援人员带来更多的困难。A.create造成；B.mop擦去；C.accompany陪伴；D.resist抗拒。由上下文内容并结合语境可知，此处指可能会给救援人员带来更多的困难。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，急救训练或功夫学问在某些状况下可能有用，并为英雄主义铺平道路。A.adaptation适应，改编；B.knowledge学问；C.format版式；D.guarantee保证。由上文中的“firstaidtrainingor”并结合语境可知，此处指功夫学问。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，急救训练或功夫学问在某些状况下可能有用，并为英雄主义铺平道路。A.squeeze紧握；B.design设计；C.pave铺；D.occupy占据。由下文中的“thepath”并结合语境可知，此处指为英雄主义铺平道路。pavethepath是固定短语，意为“铺平道路”。故选C项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：英雄从根本上来说给了我们想要做的事的榜样。A.frequently频繁地；B.apparently明显地；C.dynamically动态地，充溢活力地；D.basically基本地；从根本上来说。由语境并结合选项可知，此处指英雄从根本上给了我们想要做的事的榜样。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你有英雄的特质，也必需出现在正确的状况下，才能真正成为英雄。A.own拥有；B.equip装备；C.absorb吸引；D.envy嫉妒。由上文中的“commontraits(特质)thatallheroesseemtopossess”并结合语境可知，此处应用own与possess意思相近，指即使你有英雄的特质。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：消防队员冲进着火的建筑物去救里面的人。A.psychologists心理学家；B.firefighters消防队员；C.supermen超人；D.workers工人。由下文中的“whorunintoburningbuildingstosavethepeopleinside”并结合常识可知，冲进着火的建筑物去救里面的人是消防队员。故选B项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医生和护士不顾自己生病的危急治疗病人。A.possibility可能性；B.condition条件，状况；C.affection影响；D.risk风险。由下文中的“ofbecomingsickthemselves”并结合语境可知，此处指不顾自己生病的危急治疗病人。故选D项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人通过捐赠一个救命器官或者在有须要的时候帮个忙来变更生活。A.Heroes英雄；B.Patients患者；C.Others其他人；D.Rescuers救援者。上文列举了医生、护士、消防员等，所以此处应描写其他的一些英雄，所以此处应选others。故选C项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使我们大多数人不会挽救世界，我们也可以努力培育我们内心的英雄。A.compassion怜悯；B.inspiration灵感，鼓舞；C.nurse护士；D.hero英雄。由上下文多次提到的hero并结合语境可知，此处指我们也可以努力培育我们内心的英雄。故选D项。34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国演员克里斯托弗·雷夫——最闻名的超人角色。A.role角色；B.example例子，榜样；C.dignity尊严；D.target目标。由下文中的“asSuperman”并结合常识可知，超人是美国演员克里斯托弗·雷夫最闻名的角色。故选A项。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：英雄是一个，尽管懦弱，怀疑或不总是知道答案的，但不管怎样，他都会前进并战胜的人。A.someway好歹，终于；B.anyway无论如何；C.atrandom随意地；D.inparticular尤其，特殊。由上文中的“inspiteofweakness,doubtornotalwaysknowingtheanswers”和“goesaheadandovercomes”可知，此处应用anyway。故选B项。第三部分阅读理解（共15题每题2分满分30分）请仔细阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑ATheQUIK-FRYTMElectronicWokItisimportantthatyoureadthiscarefullybeforefirstusingthewok.Untilyoubecomefamiliarwiththeproduct,weadvisethatyoucankeepthishandyandrefertoitwhenrequired.IMPORTANTSAFEGUARDS:

Inordertopreventtheriskofelectricshock.DONorIMMERSEthecordortheprobeinwateroranyotherliquid.

Wheneverhewokisusednearchildren,itisessentialthatclosesupervisiontakesplaceNeverleavetheapplianceunattendedwhileinuse.Beforedisassemblingthewokforcleaning,SWITCHOFFANDREMOVETHEPLUGfromthepowersource.

DONOTUSETHEQuick-FryWOKOUTDOORS.

Avoidtouchinghotsurfaces;insteadusetheheatresistanthandlesonthewokortheheal-resistantplasticknobontopoftheglasshid.DONOTOPERATENEARHOTSURFACESsuchaselectrichotplates,gasburnersorinaheatedoven.

DONOTCOVERtheQuick-Frywokwiththelidwhileusingittodeepfryfoods.Failuretocomplywillcausecondensationtodripontotheoilandcausesplattering.

DONOTATTEMPTREPAIRoftheQuickFrywok.Ifthecordbecomesdamaged,oriftheapplianceismalfunctioning,donotoperate.Returntheappliancetothenearestauthorizedservicecenterforrepair.DONOTOPENTHEBASEORTOUCHTHEELECTRICALCOMONENTSINSIDE.Tamperingwiththebasewillvoidthewarranty.Manufacturedforoperationonlyfromastandarddomesticpowersource.HowtoUsetheQuick-FryElectricWok:Besuretoseasonthewokbeforeusingitforthefirsttime,Assemblethewokandheattothehighestsetting.Rubthenon-stickinnersurfaceofthewokwith1tablespoonofoil.Usethickpapertoweling.andbeverycarefultoavoidtouchingthehotsurface.CookingMethods:36.Thistextismostprobablyfrom_______.A.anadvertisementfortheelectricwokB.acookingbookdesignedforcustomersC.aninstructionbookletforthewokD.acustomerreviewofthewok37.Oneoftheadvantagesofthewokisthat_______.A.youdon'tneedtopaycloseattentiontoitwhencookingB.youmayremoveitsbasewhencleaningthewokC.youcanrepairthewokbyyourselfwhenitisnotworkingproperlyD.youcantouchthewokbecauseitistotallyfreefromheat【答案】36.C37.B【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一种炒菜锅的运用说明书，介绍了其平安条款、运用方法和烹饪方式等信息。【36题详解】推理推断题。定位到文章第一段“itisimportantthatyoureadthiscarefullybeforefirstusingthewok.”以及下文列出的平安条款、运用方法和烹饪方式可知，这篇文章是关于wok（炒菜锅）的一份运用说明。故选C项。【37题详解】细微环节理解题。依据炒菜锅图标注的“detachablebaseand…easycleaning”可知，当进行清洗工作时，锅子的底座是可以拆卸下来的，故B项正确。detachable表示“可拆卸的”；A项错误，在平安条款的其次条中就提到了不要让设备无人看管；C项错误在平安事项中也明确标注了“donotattemptrepairoftheQuick-Frywork”，故解除；D项错误，在‘howtouse’信息下也写明白避开触碰锅子的表面，故解除D。故选B项。BAnewstudyarguesthatpeople'sinstincttotreatprobabilitiesasevenlysplitwhentheyareuncertainiswidespread.InaworkingpaperBenjaminEnkeandThomasGraeber,bothofHarvardUniversity,arguethatthebiastowards50:50hasshownupinmanycontexts.Oneisdecision-makingunderknownrisks,suchasgamblingataslotmachine(老虎机).Economistshavelongrealizedthatpeoplearemoresensitivetochangesinprobabilitiesthenearertheyaretotheboundariesof0%and100%Forexample,thechanceofabigwinof,say,$Imillionrisingfrom0%to1%seemsmuchmoresignificantthanthechanceofthesamewinrisingfrom20%to21%.Attheextremes,thereisatendencytocompress(压缩)oddstoevens.Otherresearchershavefoundthatambiguousriskshaveasimilarcompressioneffect:itcanmakepeopleactasiftheyarefacingknownoddsthatarecloserto50:50thanmightseemrational,giventheinformationonoffer.MessrsEnkeandGraeberarguethatthistendencyevenshowsupinsurveysofexpectationsabouttheperformanceoftheeconomyandthestockmarket.Theauthorssuggestanewtheorytoexplainthisbehavior:“cognitiveuncertainty".Itcouldbedescribedasasimplelackofconfidence.Ifpeopleknowthattheymaynotbedoingthesumsright,orthattheirmemorymaybefallingthem,orthattheyarenotsurewhattheirownpreferenceare,thentheirchoicesdependontheinformationtheyarepresentedandmoreona“mentaldefault"ofequalprobabilities.InaseriesofonlinegamblingexperimentsMr.EnkeandMr.Graebershowthatthemoreuncertainpeopleareintheirjudgements,themorelikelytheyaretohedgetheirbets(几面下注)evenwhentheyhaveaccesstoinformationthatshould,intheory,beuseful.Researchershaveinthepastsuggestedthatoddsof50:50arereallycodefor“Idon'tknow".Forecastersputoddsonevensbecausewordslike"probable"and"likely"areinterpretedverydifferentlybydifferentpeople.Butnumbersmeannothingwithoutconfidence.38.PeopletendtotreatprobabilitiesasevenlysplitwhenA.theyaregamblingatafairslotmachine.B.theeconomistshaverealizedpeople'ssensitivity.C.theyaretryingtoearnmoremoneyintheboundaries.D.theyfollowtheirinstinctforwidespreaduncertainty.39.WecanconcludefromthepassagethatthecompressioneffectA.isconsideredveryuniqueinextremesituations.B.applieswhenpeoplemakepredictionsforeconomicperformance.C.enablesambiguousriskstobeclearerandmoreobvious.D.affectspeople'sanswersonsurveysofthestockmarket.40.Accordingtothepassage,ifpeoplelackconfidenceandcertainty,theymay____whentheyaremakingdecisions.A.dependonequality B.missusefulinformationCforgetthingsmoreeasily D.makemistakesintheircalculations41.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexplaintheapplicationofoddsandevens.B.Tooffertipsonpromotingpeople'sconfidence.C.Tointroduceanewstudyaboutoddsandevens.D.Toproposeanewtheoryaboutcognitiveuncertainty.【答案】38.A39.B40.B41.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了关于“50:50”概率的探讨，详细指出了五五开现象出现的情境、所带来的压缩效应、五五开现象产生的缘由等。【38题详解】细微环节理解题。定位到第一段“treatprobabilitiesasevenlysplitwhentheyareuncertain”可知，一般人们是在他们不确定的时候进行五五开概率选择。其次段，学者的论文报告中指出这种现象出现在许多状况下，依据“suchasgamblingatafairslotmachine”可知，A选项符合题意。故选A项。【39题详解】推理推断题。依据compressioneffect定位到第三段“thistendencyevenshowsupinsurveysofexpectationsabouttheperformanceoftheeconomyandthestockmarket.”可知，五五开带来的压缩效应甚至在经济和股市表现预料调查中也有所体现。故选B项。【40题详解】细微环节理解题。定位到第四段“thentheirchoicesdependlessontheinformationtheyarepresentedandmoreona“mentaldefault”ofequalprobabilities.”可知，人们的选择会更少地依靠现有的信息，而更多依靠“心里默认”的同等的概率。也就是说，他们可能会错过有用的信息，而选择内心的五五开的概率。故选B项。【41题详解】推理推断题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了关于“50:50”概率的探讨，详细指出了五五开现象出现的情境、所带来的压缩效应、五五开现象产生的缘由等。由此可知，C项“为了介绍概率和均等性的探讨”概括了本文的中心内容。故选C项。CGettingawaymaybegoodforyoursoulbutisitgoodforeveryoneelse?ByBENHEALYIfyoufeellikeyouneedavacation,you'realmostcertainlyrightAmericansgetfarfewerpaiddaysoffthanworkersinpettymuchanyotherindustrializeddemocracyandthetimeweactuallytakeoffhasdeclinedsignificantly,from20.3daysin1987to17.2daysin2024.Beyondsouvenirsandsuntans,thebestreasontotakeabreakmaybeyourownhealth.FortheHelsinkiBusinessmenStudy--40-yearcardiovascular(心血管的)healthstudythatalsohappenstobetheworkingtitleofthesoloalbumI'llprobablynevergetaround10recordingresearcherstreatedmenatriskofheartdisease.From1974to2004thosemenwhotookatleastthreeweeksofvacationwere379%lesslikelytodiethanthosewhotfewerweeksoff.Evenifwedon'tviewtimeofasamatteroflifeanddeath,peoplewhotakemoreoftheirallottedvacationtimetendtofindtheirworkmoremeaningful.Vacationcanyieldotherbenefits,too:Peoplewhotookallormostoftheirpaidvacationtimetotravelweremorelikelythanotherstoreportarecentraiseorbonus.AndtimenottakendepressesmorethanindividualcareerprospectsIn2024,theaverageusworkerleftsixpaidvacationdaysunused,whichworksoutto705milliondaysoftravelnationally,enoughtosupport1.9milliontravel-relatedjobs.Fromlongevitytocareergrowthtomacroeconomicachievements,theceaseforvacationseemsopen-andshut.Yetthepicture'snotentirelyrosy.Tourism'scarbonfootprintgrewfourtimesasmuchasexpectedfrom2009to2013,andaccountedfor8percentofallgreenhousegasemissioninthatperiod.What'smore,thetravelindustryisexpectedtoconsume92percentmorewaterin2050thanitdidin2010,and189percentmoreland.Inotherenvironmentalnews,peoplearelesslikelytoorecyclewhileonvacation(bothbecausetheyareunsurehowto,andbecausegettingawaywiththingsseemstobeakeypartofgettingawayfromitall)Thefrisson(短暂的、突然的兴奋或恐惊)ofpitchingplasticisnottheonlythrilltemptingtravelers.Interviewswittouristsreturningfromvariousinternationaldestinationsrevealedthattheyusedmoredrugswhileonvacationthanineverydaylife.Otherstudieshavefoundthatpeoplearemorelikelytoeatwithabandonwhiletraveling:Onvacationsofonetothreeweeks,touristsgainanaverageof0.7pounds,asignificantportionofaverageannualweightgain.Finally,a2015studyfoundthat"travelandleisure"provokedenvyperhapsthesinglemosttoxicsubstanceknowntoman--morethananyotherattribute(特性)examined(including"relationshipandfamily,""appearance"and“moneyandmaterialpossessions").Theeffectmaybeespeciallysevereonsocialmedia:62%ofpeoplewhodescribedFacebook-causedbouts(发作)ofjealousysaidthey'dbeentriggeredbytravelorleisureexperiences--versuslessthanaquarterofpeoplewhoseenvyhadbeenpiqued(激起)inperson.Soforyourownhealthandsanity(心智健全)，bookthatvacation.Butforeveryoneelse's,pleasetravelassustainablyasyoucan,andtakeiteasywiththeInstagram.42.Fromthefirstthereparagraphs,wecanlearnthat______.A.souvenirsandsuntansarenotwhatpeoplewantwhentheygoonvacationB.notusingpaidvacationdayshaslittleimpactonaperson’scareerprospectC.thetimeAmericansspendonvacationhasdecreasedbyaboutthreedaysfrom1987to2024D.themaninHelsinkiBusinessmenStudyaremorelikelythanotherstotakeavacation43.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“open-andshut"inparagraph5?A.trickyandchallenging B.uncertainanddoubtfulC.interestingandinspiring D.obviousandstraightforward44.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?A.PeoplearemorelikelytogainweightwhentheytakeavacationB.TheboomingofthetouristindustrycontributestotheaccelerationofglobalwarmingC.ThethrillofthrowingplastictemptstravelerstotravelmoreoftenD.Travelandleisureleadtomoreenviousfeelingscomparedwithappearanceorwealth45.Itcanbeconcludedthattheauthor'stoneinthispassageis_____.A.objective B.skepticalC.sympathetic D.admiring【答案】42.C43.D44.C45.A【解析】本文是一篇争论文。本文主要论述了假期的主动作用和负面影响，并在最终一段总结，从身心角度建议度假，而从全人类的角度，建议适度、可持续地旅行。【42题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Americansgetfarfewer…andthetimeweactuallytakeoffhasdeclinedsignificantly,fromthe20.3daysin1987to17.2daysin2024.”可知，美国人的假期时间从1987年的20.3天削减到2024年的17.2天，削减了大约三天，故C项正确。A项原文中并未提及人们不再宠爱，解除；B项在第三段描述了假期对人的工作的主动影响，故解除；D项原文中是说在Helsinki的探讨中，多休假的男人比少休假的人削减了死亡的可能性，与D项不符，解除。故选C项。【43题详解】词义揣测题。前文叙述了度假给人的健康、职业成长、宏观经济带来的主动影响，而划线词后面的“yet”表转折，”notentirelyrosy（不是完全乐观的）”可知，此处是与前面