2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题及答案

2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm"plantneurobiology"was__1__aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplanbehaviorcouldbe__2__tointelligenceinanimals.__3__plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat__4__consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit__5__sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called__6__ofplants'intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave__7__thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,__8__"aplantnervoussystem,__9__tothatinanimals,"saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,"They__10__claimedthatplantshave'brain-likecommandcenters'attheirroottips."This__11__makessenseifyonsimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,__12__ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.__13__,thesignalinginaplantisonly__14__similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan"amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity."Taizsaid."Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold__15__ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,"he__16__."Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussystems,the__17__thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero."Andwhat'ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan'trunawayfrom__18__,

soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich__19__athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery__20__evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.1.[A]coined[B]discovered[C]collected[D]issued2.[A]attributed[B]directed[C]compared[D]confined3.[A]Unless[B]When[C]Once[D]Though4.[A]copedwith[B]consistedof[C]hintedat[D]extendedto5.[A]suffers[B]benefits[C]develops[D]differs6.[A]acceptance[B]evidence[C]cultivation[D]creation7.[A]doubted[B]denied[C]argued[D]requested8.[A]adapting[B]forming[C]repairing[D]testing9.[A]analogous[B]essential[C]suitable[D]sensitive10.[A]just[B]ever[C]still[D]even11.[A]restriction[B]experiment[C]perspective[D]demand12.[A]attaching[B]reducing[C]returning[D]exposing13.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise14.[A]temporarily[B]literally[C]superficially[D]imaginarily15.[A]list[B]level[C]label[D]local16.[A]recalled[B]agreed[C]questioned[D]added17.[A]chances[B]risks[C]excuses[D]assumptions18.[A]danger[B]failure[C]warning[D]control19.[A]represents[B]includes[C]reveals[D]recognizes20.[A]humble[B]poor[C]practical[D]easySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor[D]MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfizzle.They"weep"outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationsillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."It'slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong."shesays."Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb."Andsometimes,it'snottheartist'sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPicroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen"naturecarpets"—largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It'sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresiltingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi'ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals"sunscreens"becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten's,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory—StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon—afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,"andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'llbeseen."21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin__________.[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits[D]classifyingtheirplasticcollections22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare__________.[A]immunetodecay[B]improperlyshaped[C]inherentlyflawed[D]complexinstructure23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto__________.[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis__________.[A]costly[B]unworthy[C]unpopular[D]challenging25.InFrreira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts__________.[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearch[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance[C]willhelpusseparatethematerialages[D]hasanimpactontoday'sculturallifeText2Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries.Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgeneration,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfillmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ'scareertrajectory.Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:'Iamageographer'or'Iamaclassist.'Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it'sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon'tdefinetheminthesameway.26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould__________.[A]becarefulinchoosingacollege[B]bediligentateacheducationalstage[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation[D]postponetheirundergraduateapplication27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect__________.[A]Millennial'sopinionsaboutwork[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree[C]publicdiscontentwitheducation[D]thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat__________.[A]GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree.[B]Schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers.[C]Employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees[D]Parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation.29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould__________.[A]makeanearlydecisionontheircareer[B]attendonthejobtrainingprograms[C]teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs?[A]Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.[B]Theywillmakequalifiededucators.[C]Depresswillnolongerappealthem.[D]Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.Text3Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaid,theyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.Suchanencouragingresultisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences."Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning."Onerespondentsaid.OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthescenescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi's

TheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason-providedbyMonashUniversity'sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember'sUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartiststhanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll,however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother'swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight—hencethe"visualstudies"inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.Nature'spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,buttomakeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipants.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.31.Accordingtoparagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave__________.[A]caughttheattentionofcritics[B]receivedfavorableresponses[C]promotedacademicpublishing[D]sparkedheatedpublicdisputes32.Thereworkedversionof

TheFourSeasons

ismentionedtoshowthat_________.[A]artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience[B]sciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions[C]publicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture.[D]artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations33.Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership__________.[A]theirrolemaybeunderestimated[B]theirreputationmaybeimpaired[C]theircreativitymaybeinhibited[D]theirworkmaybemisguided34.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?[A]Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists[B]Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances[C]Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies[D]Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists35.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations__________.[A]arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectations[B]willintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetition[C]shoulddomorethancommunicatingscience[D]arebecomingmorepopularthanbeforeText4ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand'sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom"unjustifieddismissals".Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.Consequently—andparadoxically—lawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers'wages.Indeed,in"AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand'sProductivityParadox"(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry'spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified"high-incomethreshold"fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers'Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.36.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto__________.[A]punishdubiouscorporatepractices[B]improvetraditionalhiringprocedures[C]exemptemployersfromcertainduties[D]protecttherightsofordinaryworkers37.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph3thattheprovisionsmay__________.[A]hinderbusinessdevelopment[B]underminemanagers'authority[C]affectthepublicimageofthefirms[D]worsenlabor-managementrelations38.WhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldtheProductivityCommissionsupport?[A]Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.[B]Enforcingemploymentprotectionlaws.[C]Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.[D]

Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.39.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures?[A]Highlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.[B]Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.[C]Societyseesariseinoverallwell-being.[D]Employersneedtohirenewstaff.40.Itcanbeinferredthatthe"high-incomethreshold"inAustralia__________.[A]hassecuredmanagers'earnings[B]hasproducedundesiredresults[C]isbeneficialtobusinessowners[D]isdifficulttoputintopracticePartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)41.

TeriByrdIwasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyears.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthemactuallyparticipatedinanycontributionswhosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyou"enhance"enclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequatetimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,andit'spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.42.KarenR.SimeAsazoologyprofessor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscanbesadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.Thezoologyprogramatmyuniversityattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren'sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractiveexperience.Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoos'treatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.43.GregNewberryEmmaMarris'sarticleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionatewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandprotectourplanet.Sheusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamplestounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationcommittedtoconnectingchildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowtheycareforanimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Aretheretragedies?Ofcourse.ButtheyaretheexceptionnotthenormthatMs.Marrisimplies.Adistressedanimalinazoowillgetasgoodorbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospital.44.DeanGalleaAsafellowenvironmentalistanimal-protectionadvocateandlongtimevegetarian.IcouldproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisontheissueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-runzoosandtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheircaptivitysoserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotforopportunitiestoobservethesebeautifulwildcreaturesclosetohome,manymorepeoplewouldbedrivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekoutdisturbandevenhuntthemdown.Zoosareinthatsensesimilartonaturalhistoryandarcheologymuseumsservingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingthevastmajorityundisturbedintheirnaturalenvironments.45.JohnFraserEmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofourresearch.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeoplethinkaboutthemselves,andnatureandthedatapointsextractedfromourstudies.Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthevalueofzoosinconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovideacriticalvoiceforconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromallbackgroundstoencounterarangeofanimalsfromdronebeestospringbokorsalmontobetterunderstandthenaturalworldwelivein.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points)TheManWhoBrokeNapoleon'sCodes

by

MarkUrbanBetween1807and1814theIberianPeninsula

(comprisingSpainandPortugal)wasthesceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.

Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:

betweenNapoleon'sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants;

betweentheBritish,

everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor'sdifficulties,

andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck;

betweennewforcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.[46]

Itwasalso,

andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellreadabouttheperiod,

abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman'sepic

HistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix,"TheScovellCiphers".

[47]

ItlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,

andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneGeorgeScovell,

anofficerinBritishheadquarters.

OmanratedScovell'ssignificancehighly,

butatthesametime,

thegeneralnatureofhis

History

meantthat

[48]

hecouldnotanalyzecarefullywhatthisobscureofficermayormaynothavecontributedtothatgreatstrugglebetweennationsorindeedtellusanythingmuchaboutthemanhimself.

Iwaskeentoreadmore,

butwassurprisedtofindthatOman'sappendix,

publishedin1914,

wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutthissecretwar.IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigmaandthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorld

War.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold?StudyingScovell'spapersatthePublicRecordOffice(inKew,

west

London)IfoundthathehadleftanextensivejournalandcopiousnotesabouthisworkinthePeninsula.Whatwasmore,manyoriginalFrenchdispatcheshadbeenpreservedinthiscollection.

I

realized

atoncethatthis

waspriceless.[49]

TheremayhavebeenmanyspiesandintelligenceofficersduringtheNapoleonicWars,

butitisusuallyextremelydifficulttofindthematerialtheyactuallyprovidedorworkedon.

Furthermore,Scovell'sstory

involvedmuchmorethanjustintelligencework.HisstatusinLordWellington'sheadquartersandtherecognitiongiventohimforhisworkwereallboundupwiththeclasspoliticsofthearmyatthetime.Histaleofself-improvementandhardworkwouldmakeafascinatingbiographyinitsownright,butrepresentssomethingmorethanthat.[50]

Justasthecodebreaking

hasitswiderrelevanceinthestruggleforSpain,

sohisattemptstomakehiswayupthepromotionladderspeakvolumesaboutBritishsociety.SectionIIIWritingPartA51.

Directions:Writeane-mailtoaprofessorataBritishuniversity,invitinghim/hertoorganizeateamfortheinternationalinnovationcontesttobeheldatyouruniversity.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameintheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.(10points)PartB52.

Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.

Inyouressay,youshould1)

describethepicturebriefly,2)

explainitsintendedmeaningand3)

giveyourcomments.2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题参考答案SectionIUseofEnglish1-5ACDCD6-10BCBAD11-15CBACB16-20DAADBSectionIIReadingComprehension21-25ACDDB26-30CBCDA31-35BAABC36-40DADBC41-45FCADG46.

这也是一场在制定和破坏密码的人之间展开的战争，这甚至对那些熟知这一时期的人来说都是未知的。47.

它列出了许多从西班牙法军缴获的密码文件，这些文件的秘密是由英国总部的一位军官乔治斯科维尔揭露出来。48.

他无法仔细分析这个无名军官是否促成了那场国家间的伟大斗争,也无法确切地告诉我们关于这个人本人的任何事情。49.

拿破仑战争期间可能有很多间谍和情报官员，但通常很难找到他们实际提供或从事的材料。50.

正如破译密码在西班牙的斗争中有着广泛的意义一样，他试图爬上晋升阶梯的努力也充分说明了英国社会的情况。SectionIIIWriting51.

参考范文DearProf.Smith,IamLiMing,astudentfromanotheruniversity.Itisagreathonorformetowritethisemailtoinviteyoutoorganizeateamfortheinternationalinnovationcontesttobeheldatouruniversity.Andthedetailsareasfollows.Innovationactsasoneofkeyelementsto