弹性力学仿真软件：ABAQUS：ABAQUS复合材料分析技术

弹性力学仿真软件：ABAQUS：ABAQUS复合材料分析技术1弹性力学仿真软件：ABAQUS：ABAQUS复合材料分析技术1.1绪论1.1.1ABAQUS软件简介ABAQUS是一款广泛应用于工程领域的高级有限元分析软件，由DassaultSystèmes公司开发。它能够处理复杂的非线性问题，包括材料非线性、几何非线性和接触非线性。ABAQUS在复合材料分析中尤其强大，提供了丰富的工具和功能，用于模拟复合材料的多尺度行为，从微观结构到宏观性能。1.1.2复合材料基本概念复合材料是由两种或两种以上不同性质的材料组合而成的新型材料，其目的是通过材料的组合，获得单一材料无法达到的性能。复合材料通常由基体和增强体组成，基体提供复合材料的连续相，而增强体则提供强度和刚度。复合材料的性能取决于其组成材料的性质、增强体的分布和取向，以及制造工艺。1.1.3ABAQUS在复合材料分析中的应用ABAQUS提供了专门的复合材料模块，能够处理复合材料的复杂分析，包括但不限于：-多层复合材料的建模：可以定义多层结构，每层具有不同的材料属性和厚度。-复合材料损伤分析：通过定义损伤准则，如最大应力准则、最大应变准则或Tsai-Wu准则，来预测复合材料的损伤和失效。-复合材料的非线性分析：包括大变形、塑性、蠕变和超弹性等非线性行为的模拟。-复合材料的热分析：考虑复合材料在热环境下的性能变化，包括热膨胀、热传导和热应力分析。1.2示例：ABAQUS复合材料建模与分析1.2.1创建复合材料层合板模型在ABAQUS中，创建复合材料层合板模型涉及定义材料属性、层合板结构和边界条件。以下是一个使用Python脚本在ABAQUS中创建简单复合材料层合板模型的示例：#导入ABAQUS模块

fromabaqusimport*

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

fromcaeModulesimport*

fromcompositeimport*

#创建材料

session.MaterialPropertiesDisplay.setValues(

displayState=UNDEFORMED,

material='CompositeMaterial',

sectionPoint=Region(name='Region-1')

)

#定义复合材料属性

material=mdb.models['Model-1'].materials['CompositeMaterial']

positeLaminateProperties(

name='LayeredComposite',

layup=[(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.

#ABAQUS基础操作

##软件界面介绍

在启动ABAQUS/CAE后，你将看到一个直观的用户界面，主要分为以下几个部分：

-**菜单栏**：位于窗口顶部，提供文件、编辑、视图、分析、工具等菜单选项。

-**工具栏**：包含常用的快捷按钮，如新建、打开、保存、分析、后处理等。

-**模型树**：显示当前模型的结构，包括部件、装配、材料、截面、载荷、边界条件等。

-**图形窗口**：用于显示和操作模型的三维视图。

-**消息窗口**：显示操作反馈和分析过程中的信息。

-**日志文件**：记录所有操作，便于追踪和复现。

##模型建立流程

ABAQUS模型建立通常遵循以下步骤：

1.**创建部件**：使用菜单栏中的“部件”选项，选择“创建”来定义几何形状。例如，创建一个简单的矩形板：

```python

#创建矩形板部件

fromabaqusimport*

frompartimport*

fromsectionimport*

frommaterialimport*

fromassemblyimport*

fromstepimport*

frominteractionimport*

fromloadimport*

frommeshimport*

fromoptimizationimport*

fromjobimport*

fromsketchimport*

fromvisualizationimport*

fromconnectorBehaviorimport*

mdb.models['Model-1'].ConstrainedSketch(name='__profile__',sheetSize=200.0)

mdb.models['Model-1'].sketches['__profile__'].rectangle(point1=(0.0,0.0),point2=(100.0,50.0))

mdb.models['Model-1'].Part(name='Plate',dimensionality=THREE_D,type=DEFORMABLE_BODY)

mdb.models['Model-1'].parts['Plate'].BaseShell(sketch=mdb.models['Model-1'].sketches['__profile__'])定义材料：在“材料”菜单下，选择“创建”来定义材料属性。例如，定义一个弹性材料：#定义弹性材料

mdb.models['Model-1'].Material(name='Steel')

mdb.models['Model-1'].materials['Steel'].Elastic(table=((200000.0,0.3),))指定截面：在“截面”菜单下，选择“创建”来指定部件的截面属性。例如，为矩形板指定厚度：#指定截面厚度

mdb.models['Model-1'].HomogeneousShellSection(name='ShellSection',preIntegrate=OFF,

material='Steel',thicknessType=UNIFORM,

thickness=1.0,thicknessField='',

nodalThicknessField='',idealization=NO_IDEALIZATION,

poissonDefinition=DEFAULT,

thicknessModulus=None,temperatureDependency=OFF,

dependencies=0,offset=0.0,offsetType=MIDDLE_SURFACE,

offsetField='',

offsetFormula='',

thicknessAxis=THROUGH_THICKNESS,

thicknessAxisField='',

thicknessAxisFormula='')装配部件：在“装配”菜单下，将创建的部件装配到模型中。例如，将矩形板装配：#装配部件

mdb.models['Model-1'].rootAssembly.DatumCsysByDefault(CARTESIAN)

mdb.models['Model-1'].rootAssembly.Instance(name='Plate-1',part=mdb.models['Model-1'].parts['Plate'],

dependent=ON)施加载荷和边界条件：在“载荷”和“边界条件”菜单下，定义模型的外部载荷和约束。例如，施加一个面载荷：#施加面载荷

mdb.models['Model-1'].rootAssembly.Surface(name='TopSurface',side1Faces=

mdb.models['Model-1'].rootAssembly.instances['Plate-1'].faces.findAt(((50.0,25.0,0.0),)))

mdb.models['Model-1'].SurfaceLoad(name='Load-1',surface=mdb.models['Model-1'].rootAssembly.surfaces['TopSurface'],

cf1=10.0)划分网格：在“网格”菜单下，选择“自动划分”或“手动划分”来生成网格。例如，自动划分网格：#自动划分网格

mdb.models['Model-1'].parts['Plate'].setMeshControls(regions=mdb.models['Model-1'].parts['Plate'].faces,

technique=STRUCTURED)

mdb.models['Model-1'].parts['Plate'].seedPart(size=5.0,deviationFactor=0.1,minSizeFactor=0.1)

mdb.models['Model-1'].parts['Plate'].generateMesh()提交分析作业：在“作业”菜单下，选择“提交”来运行分析。例如，提交一个静态分析作业：#提交静态分析作业

mdb.Job(name='Static_Analysis',model='Model-1',description='',type=ANALYSIS,

atTime=None,waitMinutes=0,waitHours=0,queue=None,

memory=90,memoryUnits=PERCENTAGE,getMemoryFromAnalysis=True,

explicitPrecision=SINGLE,nodalOutputPrecision=SINGLE,

echoPrint=OFF,modelPrint=OFF,contactPrint=OFF,historyPrint=OFF,

userSubroutine='',scratch='',resultsFormat=ODB,

multiprocessingMode=DEFAULT,numCpus=1,numGPUs=0)

['Static_Analysis'].submit(consistencyChecking=OFF)后处理：分析完成后，在“后处理”菜单下，选择“结果”来查看和分析结果。例如，查看位移结果：#查看位移结果

odb=session.openOdb(name='Static_Analysis.odb')

session.viewports['Viewport:1'].setValues(displayedObject=odb)

session.viewports['Viewport:1'].odbDisplay.display.setValues(plotState=(DEFORMED,))

session.viewports['Viewport:1'].odbDisplay.setFrame(step='Step-1',frame=1)通过以上步骤，你可以建立一个基本的ABAQUS模型并进行分析。1.3网格划分技巧网格划分是ABAQUS分析中的关键步骤，直接影响分析的准确性和效率。以下是一些网格划分的技巧：选择合适的网格类型：对于大多数结构分析，四面体或六面体网格是常用的选择。六面体网格通常提供更高的精度，但四面体网格在复杂几何中更容易生成。控制网格尺寸：在模型的某些区域，如尖角、裂纹尖端或高应力区域，可能需要更细的网格。使用“种子”功能可以控制这些区域的网格尺寸。使用映射网格：对于规则几何，映射网格（如矩形板的结构化网格）可以提供更均匀的网格分布，从而提高分析精度。避免网格扭曲：网格扭曲可能导致分析失败或结果不准确。确保网格质量，避免过小或过大的网格角度。使用网格细化：在需要高精度的局部区域，可以使用网格细化来增加网格密度，而不必在整个模型上使用细网格，从而节省计算资源。例如，为了在矩形板的中心区域使用更细的网格，可以使用以下代码：#在中心区域细化网格

mdb.models['Model-1'].parts['Plate'].seedEdgeBySize(edges=

mdb.models['Model-1'].parts['Plate'].edges.findAt(((50.0,25.0,0.0),)),

size=2.5,deviationFactor=0.1,minSizeFactor=0.1)以上代码在矩形板的中心位置（50.0,25.0,0.0）附近细化网格，网格尺寸为2.5，这有助于提高该区域的分析精度。通过掌握这些基础操作和网格划分技巧，你可以在ABAQUS中高效地建立和分析复合材料模型。2复合材料建模2.1复合材料层合板定义在ABAQUS中，定义复合材料层合板是进行复合材料结构分析的第一步。层合板由多层不同方向的复合材料层组成，每层的材料属性和厚度都可能不同。以下是如何在ABAQUS中定义一个简单的复合材料层合板：#导入ABAQUS模块

fromabaqusimport*

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

fromcaeModulesimport*

fromcompositeimport*

#创建复合材料层合板

session.viewports['Viewport:1'].setValues(displayedObject=None)

myModel=mdb.models['Model-1']

#定义材料层

myModel.Material(name='CompositeMat')

myModel.materials['CompositeMat'].Elastic(type=ISOTROPIC,table=((100000.0,0.3),))

#定义层合板

myModel.CompositeLayup(name='CompositeLayup',description='',elementType=S4R,

symmetric=False)

myModel.layups['CompositeLayup'].CompositePly(plyName='Ply1',material='CompositeMat',

thickness=0.1,orientation=0.0)

myModel.layups['CompositeLayup'].CompositePly(plyName='Ply2',material='CompositeMat',

thickness=0.1,orientation=90.0)在上述代码中，我们首先定义了一个名为CompositeMat的材料，其弹性模量为100000.0，泊松比为0.3。然后，我们创建了一个名为CompositeLayup的层合板，其中包含两个材料层：Ply1和Ply2，它们的厚度均为0.1，但方向不同，Ply1为0度，Ply2为90度。2.2材料属性输入复合材料的材料属性输入是关键步骤，因为它直接影响到仿真结果的准确性。在ABAQUS中，可以输入多种属性，包括弹性模量、泊松比、密度、热膨胀系数等。以下是一个示例，展示了如何输入复合材料的弹性模量和泊松比：#定义复合材料的材料属性

myModel.Material(name='CompositeMat')

myModel.materials['CompositeMat'].Elastic(type=ORTHOTROPIC,table=((100000.0,0.3,0.3,50000.0,50000.0,50000.0,0.0,0.0,0.0),))在这个例子中，我们定义了一个名为CompositeMat的材料，其弹性模量为Ex=100000.0，Ey=50000.0，Ez=50000.0，泊松比为vxy=0.3，vyz=0.3，vzx=0.0，剪切模量为Gxy=0.0，Gyz=0.0，Gzx=0.0。这些属性适用于正交各向异性材料。2.3复合材料损伤模型设置ABAQUS提供了多种复合材料损伤模型，包括但不限于最大应力准则、最大应变准则、Tsai-Wu准则等。设置损伤模型可以帮助预测复合材料在载荷作用下的损伤和失效。以下是一个示例，展示了如何设置Tsai-Wu损伤准则：#设置Tsai-Wu损伤准则

myModel.DamageInitiation(name='Damage_Init',

definition=CRITERION,

criterion=TSAI_WU,

tsaiWuTable=((1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0),))

myModel.DamageEvolution(name='Damage_Evolution',

definition=ENERGY,

energy=CRACKENERGY,

crackEnergy=1.0)在上述代码中，我们首先定义了一个名为Damage_Init的损伤初始化模型，使用Tsai-Wu准则，其参数为f11=1.0，f22=1.0，f33=1.0，f12=1.0，f13=1.0，f23=1.0。然后，我们定义了一个名为Damage_Evolution的损伤演化模型，使用能量准则，其参数为裂纹能量crackEnergy=1.0。通过这些步骤，我们可以在ABAQUS中建立一个复合材料层合板模型，输入其材料属性，并设置损伤模型，为后续的复合材料结构分析奠定基础。3边界条件与载荷3.1边界条件的设定在ABAQUS中，边界条件的设定是确保模型正确反映实际结构的关键步骤。边界条件可以是位移边界条件，用于固定模型的某部分或指定其位移；也可以是旋转边界条件，用于控制模型的旋转。此外，ABAQUS还支持温度边界条件，这对于热-结构耦合分析尤为重要。3.1.1位移边界条件位移边界条件通常用于模拟结构的固定端或指定端的位移。在ABAQUS中，可以通过以下方式设定位移边界条件：#设定位移边界条件

fromabaqusimport*

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

fromboundaryConditionsimportDisplacementBC

#创建位移边界条件

myDisplacementBC=session.viewports['Viewport:1'].getConstrainedSketch(name='__profile__')

myDisplacementBC.Line(point1=(0.0,0.0),point2=(1.0,0.0))

myDisplacementBC.Line(point1=(1.0,0.0),point2=(1.0,1.0))

myDisplacementBC.Line(point1=(1.0,1.0),point2=(0.0,1.0))

myDisplacementBC.Line(point1=(0.0,1.0),point2=(0.0,0.0))

myDisplacementBC.Line(point1=(0.0,0.0),point2=(1.0,1.0))

myDisplacementBC.Line(point1=(1.0,0.0),point2=(0.0,1.0))

#选择模型的固定端

fixedEnd=mdb.models['Model-1'].rootAssembly.sets['FixedEnd']

#设定边界条件

mdb.models['Model-1'].DisplacementBC(name='FixedBC',createStepName='Step-1',region=fixedEnd,u1=0.0,u2=0.0,ur3=0.0,amplitude=UNSET,fixed=OFF,distributionType=UNIFORM,fieldName='',localCsys=None)3.1.2旋转边界条件旋转边界条件用于控制模型的旋转，这对于模拟旋转机械或结构的动态响应非常重要。在ABAQUS中，可以通过以下方式设定旋转边界条件：#设定旋转边界条件

fromabaqusimport*

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

fromboundaryConditionsimportRotationBC

#选择模型的旋转控制点

rotationPoint=mdb.models['Model-1'].rootAssembly.sets['RotationPoint']

#设定边界条件

mdb.models['Model-1'].RotationBC(name='RotationBC',createStepName='Step-1',region=rotationPoint,ur3=0.0,amplitude=UNSET,distributionType=UNIFORM,fieldName='',localCsys=None)3.2载荷施加方法ABAQUS提供了多种载荷施加方法，包括集中力、分布力、压力、温度载荷等。正确施加载荷是确保仿真结果准确性的基础。3.2.1集中力集中力是指作用在模型的特定点上的力。在ABAQUS中，可以通过以下方式施加集中力：#施加集中力

fromabaqusimport*

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

fromloadsimportConcentratedForce

#选择模型上的点

loadPoint=mdb.models['Model-1'].rootAssembly.sets['LoadPoint']

#施加载荷

mdb.models['Model-1'].ConcentratedForce(name='Force',createStepName='Step-1',region=loadPoint,cf1=100.0,cf2=0.0,cf3=0.0,localCsys=None)3.2.2分布力分布力是指在模型的某个区域上均匀或非均匀分布的力。在ABAQUS中，可以通过以下方式施加分布力：#施加分布力

fromabaqusimport*

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

fromloadsimportSurfaceTraction

#选择模型上的表面

loadSurface=mdb.models['Model-1'].rootAssembly.surfaces['LoadSurface']

#施加载荷

mdb.models['Model-1'].SurfaceTraction(name='Traction',createStepName='Step-1',surface=loadSurface,magnitude=50.0,direction=1,distributionType=UNIFORM,field='',localCsys=None)3.3复合材料特殊载荷考虑复合材料由于其各向异性，其载荷施加和边界条件设定需要特别考虑。例如，复合材料在层间剪切载荷下的响应与均质材料不同。3.3.1层间剪切载荷在复合材料结构中，层间剪切载荷可能导致层间滑移或分层。在ABAQUS中，可以通过以下方式施加层间剪切载荷：#施加层间剪切载荷

fromabaqusimport*

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

fromloadsimportSurfaceTraction

#选择复合材料层间的表面

interlaminarSurface=mdb.models['Model-1'].rootAssembly.surfaces['InterlaminarSurface']

#施加载荷

mdb.models['Model-1'].SurfaceTraction(name='InterlaminarShear',createStepName='Step-1',surface=interlaminarSurface,magnitude=20.0,direction=2,distributionType=UNIFORM,field='',localCsys=None)3.3.2温度载荷复合材料的热性能是其重要特性之一，温度变化可能引起复合材料结构的变形和应力。在ABAQUS中，可以通过以下方式施加温度载荷：#施加温度载荷

fromabaqusimport*

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

fromloadsimportTemperature

#选择模型上的区域

temperatureRegion=mdb.models['Model-1'].rootAssembly.sets['TemperatureRegion']

#施加载荷

mdb.models['Model-1'].Temperature(name='TemperatureLoad',createStepName='Step-1',region=temperatureRegion,distributionType=UNIFORM,fieldName='',magnitudes=(100.0,))在复合材料分析中，正确设定边界条件和施加载荷是确保仿真结果准确反映实际结构行为的关键。上述示例展示了如何在ABAQUS中设定边界条件和施加载荷，以及在复合材料分析中需要特别考虑的载荷类型。通过这些示例，用户可以更好地理解ABAQUS的边界条件和载荷设定方法，从而提高复合材料结构分析的准确性。4ABAQUS复合材料分析技术4.1线性与非线性分析4.1.1线性分析原理线性分析是基于小变形和小应变假设的，其中材料的应力-应变关系被认为是线性的。在ABAQUS中，线性分析通常用于初步设计阶段，以快速评估结构在静态载荷下的响应。线性分析可以处理多种问题，包括静态、动态和热分析。4.1.2非线性分析原理非线性分析考虑了材料的非线性行为、几何非线性和接触非线性。在复合材料中，非线性分析尤为重要，因为复合材料的性能可能在大应变下显著变化，且层间接触和界面滑移是非线性行为的常见来源。4.1.3示例：ABAQUS中进行非线性分析#ABAQUS非线性分析示例

#创建一个复合材料层合板模型，并进行非线性分析

fromabaqusimport*

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

fromcaeModulesimport*

fromdriverUtilsimportexecuteOnCaeStartup

#执行ABAQUS启动脚本

executeOnCaeStartup()

#创建模型

modelName='CompositePlate'

mdb.models.changeKey(fromName='Model-1',toName=modelName)

#创建材料

materialName='CompositeMaterial'

mdb.models[modelName].Material(name=materialName)

mdb.models[modelName].materials[materialName].Elastic(table=((100000.0,0.3),))

#创建截面

sectionName='CompositeSection'

mdb.models[modelName].HomogeneousSolidSection(name=sectionName,material=materialName,thickness=None)

#创建零件

partName='Plate'

mdb.models[modelName].ConstrainedSketch(name='__profile__',sheetSize=100.0)

mdb.models[modelName].sketches['__profile__'].rectangle(point1=(0.0,0.0),point2=(50.0,10.0))

mdb.models[modelName].Part(name=partName,dimensionality=THREE_D,type=DEFORMABLE_BODY)

mdb.models[modelName].parts[partName].BaseShell(sketch=mdb.models[modelName].sketches['__profile__'])

#创建实例

instanceName='Plate-1'

mdb.models[modelName].RootAssembly()

mdb.models[modelName].parts[partName].generateMesh()

mdb.models[modelName].rootAssembly.Instance(name=instanceName,part=partName,dependent=ON)

#创建边界条件

mdb.models[modelName].rootAssembly.DisplacementBC(name='BC1',createStepName='Initial',region=mdb.models[modelName].rootAssembly.sets['Set-1'],u1=0.0,u2=0.0,u3=0.0,ur1=0.0,ur2=0.0,ur3=0.0,amplitude=UNSET,fixed=OFF,distributionType=UNIFORM,fieldName='',localCsys=None)

#创建载荷

mdb.models[modelName].rootAssembly.ConcentratedForce(name='Load1',createStepName='Step-1',region=mdb.models[modelName].rootAssembly.sets['Set-2'],cf1=100.0,amplitude=UNSET,distributionType=UNIFORM,field='',localCsys=None)

#创建分析步

mdb.models[modelName].StaticStep(name='Step-1',previous='Initial',initialInc=0.1,maxNumInc=1000,stabilizationMethod=DAMPING_FACTOR,stabilizationMagnitude=0.05,continueDampingFactors=False,adaptiveDampingRatio=0.05,maxNumIterations=30,solutionTechnique=FULL_NEWTON,reformKernel=2,convertSDI=OFF,utol=0.005)

#提交分析

mdb.models[modelName].steps['Step-1'].setValues(maxNumInc=1000)

['Job-1'].submit(consistencyChecking=OFF)此示例展示了如何在ABAQUS中创建一个复合材料层合板模型，并对其进行非线性静态分析。通过定义材料、截面、零件、实例、边界条件和载荷，以及设置分析步，可以模拟复合材料在特定载荷下的行为。4.2接触分析在复合材料中的应用4.2.1接触分析原理接触分析用于模拟两个或多个物体之间的相互作用，包括接触压力、摩擦和滑移。在复合材料中，接触分析可以用于研究层间接触、纤维与基体之间的接触以及复合材料与其他材料的接触。4.2.2示例：ABAQUS中进行接触分析#ABAQUS接触分析示例

#创建一个复合材料层合板模型，并进行接触分析

fromabaqusimport*

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

fromcaeModulesimport*

fromdriverUtilsimportexecuteOnCaeStartup

#执行ABAQUS启动脚本

executeOnCaeStartup()

#创建模型

modelName='CompositePlate'

mdb.models.changeKey(fromName='Model-1',toName=modelName)

#创建材料

materialName='CompositeMaterial'

mdb.models[modelName].Material(name=materialName)

mdb.models[modelName].materials[materialName].Elastic(table=((100000.0,0.3),))

#创建截面

sectionName='CompositeSection'

mdb.models[modelName].HomogeneousSolidSection(name=sectionName,material=materialName,thickness=None)

#创建零件

partName='Plate'

mdb.models[modelName].ConstrainedSketch(name='__profile__',sheetSize=100.0)

mdb.models[modelName].sketches['__profile__'].rectangle(point1=(0.0,0.0),point2=(50.0,10.0))

mdb.models[modelName].Part(name=partName,dimensionality=THREE_D,type=DEFORMABLE_BODY)

mdb.models[modelName].parts[partName].BaseShell(sketch=mdb.models[modelName].sketches['__profile__'])

#创建实例

instanceName='Plate-1'

mdb.models[modelName].RootAssembly()

mdb.models[modelName].parts[partName].generateMesh()

mdb.models[modelName].rootAssembly.Instance(name=instanceName,part=partName,dependent=ON)

#创建接触对

mdb.models[modelName].ContactProperty('IntProp-1')

mdb.models[modelName].interactionProperties['IntProp-1'].TangentialBehavior(formulation=PENALTY,directionality=ISOTROPIC,slipRateDependency=OFF,pressureDependency=OFF,temperatureDependency=OFF,dependencies=0,table=((0.3,),))

mdb.models[modelName].SurfaceToSurfaceContactStd(name='Int-1',createStepName='Initial',master='Plate-1-1',slave='Plate-1-1',sliding=FINITE,thickness=ON,interactionProperty='IntProp-1',adjustMethod=NONE,initialClearance=OMIT,datumAxis=None,clearanceRegion=None)

#创建分析步

mdb.models[modelName].StaticStep(name='Step-1',previous='Initial',initialInc=0.1,maxNumInc=1000,stabilizationMethod=DAMPING_FACTOR,stabilizationMagnitude=0.05,continueDampingFactors=False,adaptiveDampingRatio=0.05,maxNumIterations=30,solutionTechnique=FULL_NEWTON,reformKernel=2,convertSDI=OFF,utol=0.005)

#提交分析

mdb.models[modelName].steps['Step-1'].setValues(maxNumInc=1000)

['Job-1'].submit(consistencyChecking=OFF)此示例展示了如何在ABAQUS中设置接触对以进行接触分析。通过定义接触属性和接触对，可以模拟复合材料层合板中层与层之间的接触行为。4.3复合材料疲劳分析4.3.1复合材料疲劳分析原理复合材料的疲劳分析考虑了材料在重复载荷作用下的损伤累积。ABAQUS提供了多种方法来评估复合材料的疲劳寿命，包括基于最大应力、最大应变和损伤力学的方法。4.3.2示例：ABAQUS中进行复合材料疲劳分析#ABAQUS复合材料疲劳分析示例

#创建一个复合材料层合板模型，并进行疲劳分析

fromabaqusimport*

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

fromcaeModulesimport*

fromdriverUtilsimportexecuteOnCaeStartup

#执行ABAQUS启动脚本

executeOnCaeStartup()

#创建模型

modelName='CompositePlate'

mdb.models.changeKey(fromName='Model-1',toName=modelName)

#创建材料

materialName='CompositeMaterial'

mdb.models[modelName].Material(name=materialName)

mdb.models[modelName].materials[materialName].Elastic(table=((100000.0,0.3),))

#创建截面

sectionName='CompositeSection'

mdb.models[modelName].HomogeneousSolidSection(name=sectionName,material=materialName,thickness=None)

#创建零件

partName='Plate'

mdb.models[modelName].ConstrainedSketch(name='__profile__',sheetSize=100.0)

mdb.models[modelName].sketches['__profile__'].rectangle(point1=(0.0,0.0),point2=(50.0,10.0))

mdb.models[modelName].Part(name=partName,dimensionality=THREE_D,type=DEFORMABLE_BODY)

mdb.models[modelName].parts[partName].BaseShell(sketch=mdb.models[modelName].sketches['__profile__'])

#创建实例

instanceName='Plate-1'

mdb.models[modelName].RootAssembly()

mdb.models[modelName].parts[partName].generateMesh()

mdb.models[modelName].rootAssembly.Instance(name=instanceName,part=partName,dependent=ON)

#创建疲劳损伤模型

mdb.models[modelName].DamageInitiation(name='DamageInit',createStepName='Step-1',damageInitiationType=CRACKinitiation,definition=MAX_STRESS,maximumStress=100.0,maximumStressComponents=(1,))

#创建疲劳分析步

mdb.models[modelName].FatigueStep(name='FatigueStep',previous='Step-1',maxNumInc=1000,initialInc=0.1,minInc=None,maxInc=None,nlgeom=ON,stabilizationMethod=DAMPING_FACTOR,stabilizationMagnitude=0.05,continueDampingFactors=False,adaptiveDampingRatio=0.05,maxNumIterations=30,solutionTechnique=FULL_NEWTON,reformKernel=2,convertSDI=OFF,utol=0.005)

#提交分析

mdb.models[modelName].steps['FatigueStep'].setValues(maxNumInc=1000)

['Job-1'].submit(consistencyChecking=OFF)此示例展示了如何在ABAQUS中设置疲劳损伤模型，并创建疲劳分析步以评估复合材料层合板的疲劳寿命。通过定义疲劳损伤模型和设置疲劳分析步，可以模拟复合材料在重复载荷下的损伤累积过程。以上示例代码和数据样例提供了在ABAQUS中进行复合材料线性与非线性分析、接触分析和疲劳分析的基本步骤。这些示例可以作为起点，根据具体的应用场景进行调整和扩展。5后处理与结果解释5.1结果可视化在ABAQUS中，结果可视化是通过其后处理模块Viewer实现的。这不仅包括基本的位移、应力和应变的可视化，还涵盖了更复杂的复合材料损伤评估结果的展示。以下是一个如何在ABAQUSViewer中加载结果并进行基本可视化的示例：#加载结果文件

odb=session.openOdb(name='CompositeAnalysis.odb')

#创建一个结果窗口

session.viewports['Viewport:1'].setValues(displayedObject=odb)

#显示位移

odb.steps['Step-1'].frames[-1].fieldOutputs['U'].plot()

#显示等效应力

odb.steps['Step-1'].frames[-1].fieldOutputs['S'].invariant('MISES').plot()

#显示等效应变

odb.steps['Step-1'].frames[-1].fieldOutputs['E'].invariant('MISES').plot()在上述代码中，我们首先通过session.openOdb命令打开一个ODB文件，这是ABAQUS分析结果的存储格式。然后，我们设置Viewport以显示这个ODB对象。最后，我们通过plot命令可视化位移、等效应力和等效应变。这些命令帮助我们直观地理解复合材料在不同载荷条件下的响应。5.2应力应变分析ABAQUS提供了多种工具来分析复合材料的应力和应变。对于复合材料，通常需要关注纤维和基体的相互作用，以及不同层之间的应力传递。以下是一个如何在ABAQUS中提取特定区域的应力和应变的示例：#从ODB中提取特定区域的应力和应变

importodbAccess

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

#打开ODB

odb=odbAccess.openOdb('CompositeAnalysis.odb')

#定义要分析的区域

region=odb.rootAssembly.instances['PART-1-1'].elements

#提取应力和应变

stress=odb.steps['Step-1'].frames[-1].fieldOutputs['S'].getSubset(region=region)

strain=odb.steps['Step-1'].frames[-1].fieldOutputs['E'].getSubset(region=region)

#打印应力和应变的平均值

print('AverageStress:',stress.getAverage())

print('AverageStrain:',strain.getAverage())在这个例子中，我们首先导入了必要的模块，并定义了要分析的区域。然后，我们从最后一步的最后一个帧中提取了应力和应变的场数据，并计算了它们的平均值。这有助于评估复合材料的整体性能。5.3复合材料损伤评估复合材料的损伤评估是其分析中的关键部分，因为它直接影响到结构的可靠性和寿命。ABAQUS提供了多种损伤模型，如最大应力准则、最大应变准则和Tsai-Wu准则等。以下是一个如何使用Tsai-Wu准则评估复合材料损伤的示例：#使用Tsai-Wu准则评估损伤

importodbAccess

fromabaqusConstantsimport*

#打开ODB

odb=odbAccess.openOdb('CompositeAnalysis.odb')

#定义Tsai-Wu损伤准则

tsaiWu=odb.steps['Step-1'].frames[-1].fieldOutputs['SDV_CDM_TWA'].getSubset(region=odb.rootAssembly.instances['PART-1-1'].elements)

#计算损伤指标

damageIndicator=tsaiWu.getScalarField()

#打印损伤指标的范围

print('DamageIndicatorRange:',damageIndicator.getMinMax())在这个示例中，我们使用了SDV_CDM_TWA，这是ABAQUS中Tsai-Wu损伤准则的输出变量。我们提取了这个变量，并计算了损伤指标的范围，这有助于