第02讲课文初探（记叙文指代猜测观点态度）

第02讲课文初探+（记叙文指代+猜测+观点态度）一、听见课文Ann,15LakesideHighSchoolUSAMynameisAnnWellsandI'maGrade10studentatLakesideHighSchool.I'man(act)personandIlovesports.I'm(curiosity)abouteverything.Ioftenaskquestions,butIlearnbestbydoing.My(favour)subjectisphysics.Dancingandskatingaremy，andIalsoliketoreadshortstories.Iplantobeean(engineering)inthefuture.Thando,16SouthHillHighSchoolSouthAfricaI'mThandoGowon.I'm16thisyear.IefromSouthAfrica.I'maGrade10studentatSouthHillHighSchool.Ilookgood，thinkfast，andplayhard.You'llneverseemeabookorapen.IfI'mnotinclass,I'minthelibraryintheputerlab.Attheweekends,IplayputergamesifI'mnotbusystudying.MydreamistomyownIT()!词汇及短语归纳总结①activeadj.活跃的；积极的②curiousadj.好奇的；求知欲强的becuriousabout对……感到好奇③favouriteadj.最喜欢的；特别喜爱的④hobbyn．业余爱好；嗜好⑤lookgood长得挺好⑥thinkfast思维敏捷⑦playhard玩个痛快⑧either(两者中的)任何一个；(两者中的)每个either...or...或者……或者……⑨bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事⑩startvt.开办，创办二、题型初识1、从记叙文说起PassageAOystersactasnatural"waterpurifiers".Theyarefilterfeeders(滤食动物).Thatmeanstheytakeinwaterthroughtheirgillsandfilteroutthefoodinit,suchasalgae(藻类)，whichtheytheneat.Asingleadultoystercanfilterupto189litresofwaterinaday.Astheyfeed,oystersalsofilterotherharmfulthingsoutofthewater.Oneoftheseisnitrogen,achemicalfoundinseptictanks(化粪池).Sometimesnitrogengetswashedintoriversandoceanswhenitrains.Toomuchnitrogeninthewatercausesmuchalgaetogrow.Thealgaeusesuptheoxygeninthewater,whichcanharmothersealife.Oystersfilternitrogenoutofthewateranduseittogrowtheirshells.1.Theunderlinedword"these"inParagraph3refersto____.A．oysters B．chemicals C．septictanks D．harmfulthings参考答案：1.代词指代题。根据上文Astheyfeed,oystersalsofilterotherharmfulthingsoutofthewater.牡蛎在觅食时还会过滤掉水中的其他有害物质。可知指示代词these指代"有害物质"。故选D。PassageBScienceshowswhywetrustpeoplewhoareconfident.Imaginethis:onepersontellsalieconfidently,whileanothersayssomethingtrueinahesitantvoice.Whichpersonwouldyoutrust?2.Whichofthefollowinghasthesamemeaningastheunderlinedword"hesitant"inParagraph1?A．Confident. B．Excited. C．Active. D．Uncertain.参考答案：2.词意猜测题。根据原文:onepersontellsalieconfidently,whileanothersayssomethingtrueinahesitantvoice.一个人自信地说谎，而另一个人则用犹豫的声音说真话。前后对比：自信地说谎，犹豫的声音说真话。可推知划线单词意为不确定的。故选D。PassageC……….So,whyaren'tweallwearingsmartglassesyet?Sofar,noonehasinventedabetterwaytosendimagesofourworldontoglasses.However,withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,smartglassescouldarrivemuchsoonerthanwethink.3.Howmightthewriterfeelaboutthefutureofsmartglasses?A．Bored. B．Confident. C．Satisfied. D．Uncertain.参考答案：3.观点态度题。根据第五段"However,withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,smartglassescouldarrivemuchsoonerthanwethink."可知，作者对智能眼镜的前景是有信心的。故选B。2、题型讲解2.1记叙文概述记叙文包括故事类、人物类和心灵鸡汤类阅读，每种类型都有其特点和阅读策略。故事类阅读要素:分析故事的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、经过、结果。技巧:阅读首末段，把握起因和结局。关注中间段落，特别是时间和地点。分析主人公的行为和情绪变化。判断故事的中心思想。人物类阅读特点:涉及人物生平、贡献，充满事实和证据。技巧:按时间顺序关注人物事件。发现特殊贡献和事件间的关联。若文本为片段，采用类似故事类的阅读方法。心灵鸡汤类阅读特点:描述心理历程，提供精神或心理指导。技巧:阅读并思考故事背后的道理。继续阅读作者的观点以深入理解。练习时以文本为依据，避免过度推断。阅读技巧总结对于所有类型，先快速浏览以了解大意。注重文本中的关键信息，如时间和地点。分析人物行为和心理变化，理解故事深层含义。在心灵鸡汤类阅读中，寻找故事与哲理的联系。练习时，始终基于文本内容，避免主观臆断。2.2代词指代题题型特点：代词如it,they,one等用于避免重复，体现语篇逻辑。设问形式：Theword"xxx"inXXXrefersto?解题步骤：定位文中指代词。向上文搜索，找到最近的名词或句子。代入找到的词或句子，检查文意是否通顺。与选项比较，确定最佳答案。2.3词义猜测题题型特点：考查利用上下文猜测词义的能力。题型分类：熟词新义：特定语境下的词义推断。生词释义：根据有限上下文推断词义。难句释义：根据较大范围上下文推断句意。设问形式：What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase"xxx"inChinese?Theunderlinedword"xxx"refersto/probablymeans...Theunderlinedword"xxx"couldbereplacedby...Whatisthemeaningof"xxx"?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword"xxx"?2.4观点态度题题型特点：识别并区分文本中作者的观点和态度，特别是针对文章主题或特定对象的态度。设问形式：通常询问作者对某一主题或项目的态度，例如"Theauthor'sattitudetowards/to'xxx'seemstobethatof..."错误率较高的态度类选项：冷漠类：indifferent,careless,disinterested。迷惑类：confused,puzzled,uncertain。主观类：subjective,fearful,prejudiced,biased,gloomy,questionable,scared,sarcastic,doubtful,skeptical。中立选项（通常不选）：neutral。可能正确的态度类选项（需结合文本内容确认）：正面评价：positive,approval,supportive,favor。负面评价：negative,disapproval,critical。中立评价（有倾向）：objective,impartial,unbiased。3、同频练习PassageAShethendidanotherstudywithcollegestudents.Duckworthwantedtoseehowsmartsandgritinfluencedperformanceinschool.Sosheparedscoresoncollegeentranceexams,whichtestIQ,toschoolgradesandsomeone’sscoreinthegrittest.Studentswithhighergradesseemtohavemoregrit.That’snotsurprising.Gettinggoodgradestakesbothsmartsandhardwork.Butsomepeoplecounterthatthisgritmeanssuccess.AmongthosepeopleisMarcusCredé,ateacheratIowaStateUniversityinAmes.Herecentlyshowedtheresultsof88studiesongrit.Together,nearly67,000peopletookpartinthesestudies.Andgritdidnotpredictsuccess,Credéfound.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counter”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Reply. B.Question. C.Accept. D.Warn.参考答案：词义猜测题。根据上文的“Sosheparedscoresoncollegeentranceexams,whichtestIQ,toschoolgradesandsomeone’sscoreinthegrittest.Studentswithhighergradesseemtohavemoregrit.(因此，她将测试智商的大学入学考试的分数与学校成绩和某人在毅力测试中的分数进行了比较。成绩越高的学生似乎更有毅力)”可知，Duckworth认为毅力和成功有很大关系。结合划线词所在句子中的but可知，该句陈述的观点与上文相反，即一些人反对毅力意味着成功这个观点。由此猜测划线词意为“反对，质疑”，与question同义。故选B。PassageBIn2013,researchersstudiedthechangingconditionsintheCocoaBelt.Theysaidthatby2050,itwillbehardertogrowcacaoin90%ofplaceswhereitisnowplanted.ButChristianBunnoftheInternationalCenterforTropicalAgriculturesayschocolatewon’tdisappearanytimesoon.Planstoprotectitarealreadytakingshape.Onesolutiontotheproblemiscrossbreeding(杂交).Scientistshavedevelopednewcacaotreesthatstanduptodisease.Someevenproducemorecacao.Weatherstationswillalsohelp.GroupsarebuildingtheminAfrica.Around70%ofcacaoisgrownthere.Informationfromthestationswillhelpfarmersknowwhentoplanttrees.“Yearsback,farmerswouldfollowfarmingrulesthatgowiththeseasons,”Bunnsaid.“Thoserulesdon'talwaysapplyanymore.”Thesefixescouldhelpfarmersgrowmorecacaoonlessland.Thatcouldhelpendthepushtoclearrainforest.That’sgoodforchocolate,andasweetdealfortheplanet.“Everythinghasasideeffect,”Bunnsaid.“Wehavetobesmarteraboutourfood.”2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“standupto”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Gowith. B．Diefrom. C．Protectagainst. D．Bringabout.3．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothechocolateprotectionplans?A．Doubtful. B．Uncaring. C．Positive. D．Disapproving.参考答案：2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Climatechangehasalsoledtothespreadofdiseasethatharmstrees.(气候变化也导致了危害树木的疾病的传播。)”和划线词句前文“Onesolutiontotheproblemiscrossbreeding.(解决这个问题的一个办法是杂交育种。)”及后文“Someevenproducemorecacao.(有些甚至能生产更多的可可。)”说明科学家有办法防止树木的疾病，从而推知划线词句“Scientistshavedevelopednewcacaotreesthatstanduptodisease.(科学家们已经开发出了能够standupto疾病的新型可可树。)”其中划线短语意思是“防止”。故选C项。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thesefixescouldhelpfarmersgrowmorecacaoonlessland.(这些补救措施可以帮助农民在更少的土地上种植更多的可可。)”可知，作者对这些措施持肯定态度。故选C项。PassageCBingewatching(追剧)yourfavoriteTVseriesisbadforyourbrain.Dr.RandallWright,basedinTexas,saidtheneedtowatchepisode(集)afterepisodehasasimilarinfluenceonthebraintogambling(赌博).What’smore,itoftenleadstosocialloneliness,snackingonjunkfoodandashortageofexerciseandsleep,which,overtime,isbadforthebrain.4.Whatmight“it”inparagraphIreferto?A．Gambling. B．Bingewatching. C．TVseries. D．Brain.参考答案：4．代词指代题。根据上文“Dr.RandallWright,basedinTexas,saidtheneedtowatchepisode(集)afterepisodehasasimilarinfluenceonthebraintogambling(赌博).(德克萨斯州的兰德尔·赖特博士说，一集接一集地看电视对大脑的影响与赌博相似。)”和后文“What’smore,itoftenleadstosocialloneliness(更糟糕的是，它经常导致社交孤单感等不良影响)”，所以it指的是追电视剧。故选B。PassageDItallbeganinEverett,Washington,wheremyprojectteamwasintheprocessofconductingoneofourbusinesssystems.Sotoughwastheprojectthatweoftenstayeduppletingthetasksassigned.Allofuswerewornout.Onenight,asIwalkedthroughtheparkinglotwithoneofmyemployees.Ifoundacentandpickeditup.Glancingatmyexhaustedemployee.Isuddenlyhadanideatodelighthim.Jokingly,Ipresentedthecenttotheemployeeandsaid,"Thisisaninformalawardforyourefforts."Heputthecentinhispocket."Thankyou,"hesaid,awaveofjoysweepingacrosshisface.Aboutsixmonthslater,Iwaswalkingwiththesameemployee,thistimeinLosAlamitos,California,whenIagainfoundacentandgaveittohimwiththesamewords.Later,Igotintohisofficeandthere,tapedonapieceofpaper,werethetwocents,whichmademesurprised.Hesaidhewasdisplayingthemashisrecognitionforajobwelldone.Otheremployeesnoticedthecentsproudlydisplayedandbeganaskingwhytheyhadn'treceivedany.Theywerealsolongingforthe"reward".ItwasthenthatIstartedhandingoutcents,explainingthattheywereforrecognition,notforreward.Soon,somanypeoplewantedthemthatIdesignedacentholder.Thefrontfeaturesaplaceforacentandbesideitthephrase,"Yourworkisrecognized!"Thebackhasroomfor30morecentsandthephrase,"Yourachievementscount!"Onetime,Ispottedanemployee,Mia,doingsomethingrightandwantedtorecognizeher,butIdidn'thaveacent,soIgaveheraquarter.Laterthesamedayshestoppedbyandreturned24cents.That'showthe"OneCentAward"wasborn.It'sbeeasignificantsourceofrecognitioninourorganization.1．Whydidtheauthorgiveacenttotheemployeeinitially?A．Toamusehim. B．Tosurprisehim. C．Torewardhim. D．Topraisehim.2．Whatinspiredtheauthortohandoutcents?A．Thedesignofacentholder. B．Thesharedbeliefsinhisteam.C．Theeagernessoffellowemployees. D．Thedesireforbetterachievements.3．WhydidMiareturntheauthor24cents?A．Shewasadvisedtodoso. B．Onecentstoodforrecognition.C．Theauthorwasmeanwithmoney. D．Itisthepany'sstrictregulation.4．Whichcanbestdescribetheemployeesreceivingonecent?A．Greedy. B．Talented. C．Informed. D．Motivated.【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者一次不经意给员工发了一枚硬币，以表示对其工作的认可，之后员工们努力进取并形成企业文化的故事。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Glancingatmyexhaustedemployee.Isuddenlyhadanideatodelighthim.Playfully,Ipresentedthecenttotheemployeeandsaid,“Thisisaninformalawardforyourefforts.”(瞥了一眼我疲惫的员工。我突然想到一个使他高兴的主意。我开玩笑地把那枚硬币递给那位员工，说：“这是对你努力的非正式奖励。”)”可知，作者起初只是让员工开心，与他开了个玩笑。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Otheremployeesnoticedthecentsproudlydisplayedandbeganaskingwhytheyhadn’treceivedany.Theywerealsolongingforthe“reward”.(其他员工注意到这些骄傲地展示出来的美分，开始问为什么他们没有收到一美分。他们也渴望得到“奖赏”)”可知，同事们的急切心情启发了作者分发硬币。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Onetime,Ispottedanemployee,Mia,doingsomethingrightandwantedtorecognizeher,butIdidn’thaveacent,soIgaveheraquarter.Laterthesamedayshestoppedbyandreturned24cents.(有一次，我看到一位名叫米娅的员工做对了一件事，我想认可她，但我没有一分硬币，所以我给了她一个25美分的硬币。当天晚些时候，她来找我，还给了我24美分)”可知，米娅还给了作者24美分是因为一分硬币代表认可。故选B项。4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Otheremployeesnoticedthecentsproudlydisplayedandbeganaskingwhytheyhadn’treceivedany.Theywerealsolongingforthe“reward”.ItwasthenthatIstartedhandingoutcents,explainingthattheywereforrecognition,notforreward.Soon,somanypeoplewantedthemthatIdesignedacentholder.(其他员工注意到这些骄傲地展示出来的美分，开始问为什么他们没有收到一美分。他们也渴望得到“奖赏”。就在那时，我开始分发硬币，解释说它们是为了表彰，而不是奖励。很快，很多人都想要这种硬币，于是我设计了一个硬币夹)”可推知，员工们都积极向上。故选D项。三、课后作业1、听力小练听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatwillthewomanbuy?A．Ahat.B．Apostcard.C．Atoy.7．Howmuchwillthewomanpay?A．$80.B．$65.C．$45.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．Whatdoesthewomanplantodotoday?A．Gocamping.B．VisitLinda.C．Finishherreport.9．Whenwillthemangointotown?A．OnFriday.B．OnSaturday.C．OnSunday.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．Whatistheman?A．Adoctor.B．Anengineer.C．Anactor.11．Whatdoesthemandoforthecity?A.Hebuildsroadsandbridges.B．Hedesignsbuildings.C．Hedesignsroadsandbridges.12．What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Oldfriends.B．Newfriends.C．Relatives.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．HowoldisMarynow?A．18.B．20.C．21.14．WhatisMary'sbrother?A．Afashiondesigner.B．Amodel.C．Aphotographer.15．FromwhomdidMaryreceivetheearrings?A．Jenny.B．Herboyfriend.C．Herbrother.16．Whatwillthemanmostprobablydotomorrow?A．Chooseagifthimself.B．Askforadviceonpickingadress.C．Celebratehisgirlfriend'sbirthday.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whatdayisittoday?A．Monday.B．Tuesday.C．Wednesday.18．Whichseasonistheweatherreportabout?A．Spring.B．Summer.C．Winter.19．Whatdoestheweatherreportersuggestpeopledo?A．Wearwarmclothes.B．Drinkmorewater.C．Sleepoutside.20．Whatisthenextprogramabout?A．Theinternationalnews.B．Thelocalnews.C．Thetrafficreport.【第三组】6～10ACABB11～15CBBCB16～20BBBCC听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。(Text6)W：Excuseme.IamatouristhereandIamlookingforsomethinglocalandspecialhereasgifts.Couldyougivemesomesuggestions?M：Well,wehavequiteafewchoiceshere：postcardswithouroldbuildings,handmadecottonhatsandovertheresomespecialtoys.W：Thesehatslookverybeautiful!Howmucharethey?M：Forty­fivedollarseachoreightydollarsforthepair.Themoreyoubuy,thelowerpriceIcanoffer.W：OK,butI'llbuyoneformymotherrightnow.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。(Text7)W：Whereareyougoingtoday,Mark?M：I'mgoingtothelibrary.Whataboutyou?W：I'llgocampingwithLinda.Whydoyouwanttogotothelibrarytoday?It'sFriday.Weshouldhavesomefun.M：Well,Ihavetohandinmyreporttomorrowmorning.W：Tomorrowmorning?Didn'tMr.SmithaskustohanditinnextMondaymorning?M：I'mgoingintotowntomorrowafternoon.Iwon'treturnuntilSundaynight.SoIwanttohanditinbeforeIgo.W：NowIsee.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。(Text8)W：So,tellmealittleaboutyourself.M：Gee­uh...Idon'tknowwheretobegin.Whatdoyouwanttoknow?W：Well,let'ssee...Whatdoyoudo?M：I'manengineer.W：Anengineer?Hmm,that'sinteresting.Doyouenjoyyourwork?M：Yes.Ilikeitalot.W：Tellme,whatexactlydoyoudoasanengineer?M：Well,Idesignroadsandbridgesforthecity.W：Oh.Thatsoundslikeaveryexcitingjob.M：Itis.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。(Text9)M：Whatanicedress!Mary,youlookreallygoodinit!Areyougoingtoapartytonight?W：Yes.Jennyisthrowingapartytonight.It'shereighteenthbirthday.Shehasinvitedmanypeople.I'msureI'mgoingtohaveagreattimethere.Weren'tyouinvited?M：No.I'mnotafriendofhers.Sodidyoubuythedressespeciallyfortheparty?W：Actually,Ididn'tbuyit.Itwasagiftfrommybrother.Hegaveittomeonmytwentiethbirthdaytwoweeksago.He'sgoodatpickingdresses,isn'the?M：Certainlyheis!Whatisyourbrother?Afashiondesigner?W：No.Heworksforamagazine.Hetakesphotosofmodelsforthemagazine.Myfriendslikegoingshoppingwithmybrotherbecausehegivesthemverygoodadvice.Buthehasaverybusyworkschedule.M：Oh,Ilikeyourearrings,too.Aretheyalsoagiftfromyourbrother,too?W：No.They'reagiftfrommyboyfriendJames.I'msureheaskedmybrotherforhelp.Youknow,heisn'tgoodatpickinggifts.ButIlovethispairofearrings.M：I'mconsideringbuyingadressforLucy.Herbirthdayisjustthreeweeksaway.Doyouthinkyourbrothercouldhelpme?W：Well,Ihaveplannedtogoshoppingwithmybrothertomorrowafternoon.Whynotjoinus?M：OK.That'dbegreat!Thanks,Mary.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。(Text10)M：Goodmorning,thisisJesseWilliamswithyourTuesdayweatherreport.Wehadahotandsunnydayyesterday.Thetemperaturewas36℃.Itisexpectedthattoday'stemperaturecouldclimbtoashighas38℃bythelateafternoon.Rightnow,onlyanhouraftersunrise,thetemperatureinourcityisalready29℃.Unfortunately,thereisalsonorainforthenextfivedays.Thisisbadnewsforthethirstyforestinourcity.Wednesdayisforecasttobehotter,reaching40degreeswithasurprising28℃overnight.ItisthehottestAugustdaysince30℃in2015.Thegoodnewsisthatitwillbewindytonight.Soitseemsthatsettingupatentinthebackyardmaybetheonlywaytocatchsomesleeptonightifyoudon'thaveanair­conditioner.Whenyougoout,pleasewearyourhatandsunglasses.That'sallfortoday'sweatherreport.Thetrafficreportinthemorningisasfollows.Thankyouforlistening.2、阅读练习PassageAJiangShumeilearnedherfirstChinesecharacterattheageof60.Now,the87yearoldgrandmotheristheproudauthorofsixbooks.Shelearnedherfirstcharacterin1996,afterherhusbanddiedinadevastatingcaraccident,whenherdaughterZhangAilingsuggestedthatshelearntoreadtotakehermindoffthelonelinessandsadness.Theelderlywomanbadherownwayoflearning.Sheposedlyricsforsongs,andaskedchildrentowritethemdown,sothatshecouldreadeachcharacterasshesangthesongsagainandagain.Whenevershecameacrosscharactersshedidn’tknowonpamphlets,busstops,orshopsigns,shefoundsomeonetoask.“Itsoundsunbelievable,andmybrotherusedtolaughatmydaydreams.”thegrandmothersays.Shefirstputpentopaperin2012,attheageof75.Itwasnoteasy.Sometimes,pletingasinglesentencecouldtakeaday.Asacollegeteacherandawriterherself,Zhanggavehermotheralotofencouragementandhelp.Thefirstbook,TimeofTrouble,TimeofPoverty,waspublishedlaterthatyear,andprovedtobeasuccess.Somecriticsevenhaileditasthe“livedhistoryofanationplaguedbywar,deathandhunger”.Sofar,theelderlywomanhaspublishedsixbooks,totalingmorethan600,000charactersinlength.Inhersparetime,sheisalsolearningpaintingandcalligraphy.“Iwouldliketobeawriter,apainterandacalligrapher,”shesays,addingthatherdreamnowistohaveherownartexhibitionwhensheis90.“IfIcouldliveaslongas130,wouldyoustillsaythatitistoolateformetostartafter60?”sheasks,jokingly.1．WhydidJiangShumeistarttolearnChinesecharacters?A．Tochallengeherself B．Herdaughter’scaraccident.C．Herhusband’ssuggestion D．Togetridofsorrow.2．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Howshelearnedcharacters. B．Howshemetnewcharacters.C．Howsheposedsongs. D．Howshelearnttosingthesongs.3．WhatdidJiangShumei’sbrotherthinkofher?A．She’sdetermined. B．She’sodd.C．She’ssevere. D．She’sadmirable.4．WhatcanwelearnfromJiangShumei’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Factsspeaklouderthanwords. B．Wherethere’slife,there’shope.C．It’snevertoolatetolearn. D．Nopains,nogains.【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了JiangShumei在60岁开始学习汉字并后来成为一名作家的励志故事。1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Shelearnedherfirstcharacterin1996,afterherhusbanddiedinadevastatingcaraccident,whenherdaughterZhangAilingsuggestedthatshelearntoreadtotakehermindoffthelonelinessandsadness.(1996年，她的丈夫在一场严重的车祸中去世，她的女儿ZhangAiling建议她学习阅读，以消除孤独和悲伤，她学会了第一个汉字。)”可知，JiangShumei学习汉字是为了摆脱悲伤。故选D。2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Theelderlywomanbadherownwayoflearning.Sheposedlyricsforsongs,andaskedchildrentowritethemdown,sothatshecouldreadeachcharacterasshesangthesongsagainandagain.Whenevershecameacrosscharactersshedidn’tknowonpamphlets,busstops,orshopsigns,shefoundsomeonetoask.(这位老妇人有自己的学习方法。她为歌曲创作歌词，并让孩子们把它们写下来，这样她就可以在一遍又一遍地唱歌时读懂每个字。每当她在小册子、公交车站或商店招牌上遇到她不认识的字时，她就会找个人去问。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了她是如何学习汉字的。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Itsoundsunbelievable,andmybrotherusedtolaughatmydaydreams.(这听起来难以置信，我哥哥过去常常嘲笑我的白日梦。)”可知，她的哥哥觉得她很奇怪，故选B。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Iwouldliketobeawriter,apainterandacalligrapher,”shesays,addingthatherdreamnowistohaveherownartexhibitionwhensheis90.“IfIcouldliveaslongas130,wouldyoustillsaythatitistoolateformetostartafter60?”sheasks,jokingly.(“我想成为一名作家、画家和书法家，”她说，并补充说，她现在的梦想是在90岁时举办自己的艺术展。“如果我能活到130岁，你还会说我60岁以后再开始太晚吗？”她开玩笑地问道。)”可知，从她的话里我们可以明白“活到老，学到老”的道理。故选C。PassageBAnold,wisemanwhogrewsickerfelthisjourneyonEarthwasingtoanend.However,hissonwasstillayoungmanandhadyettoreachhisfullpotential.Andsothefathertookituponhimselftoteachhissonthewaysoftheworld.Theoldmanhandedtheyoungmanawatch,afamilyheirloom(传家宝)passeddownforgenerations.“Askthejewelerhowmuchit'sworth.Butdon'tacceptanyoffer.Instead,ebackhomewiththewatch.”Theboydidashewasinstructed.ThejewelersaiditwasonlyworthS100ashe'dhaveahardtimefindingabuyer.“Okay,”thefathersaid.“Thentakethewatchtothepawnshop(当铺).Seehowmuchyoucangetforthewatch.”Inhismind,theboydisagreed.Buthedidn'twanttoarguewithhisfatherinpoorhealthsohedidthejobanyway.Heevenwentaboveandbeyondtoseetwofriendsworkinginpawnshopsonlytobetoldthewatchhadscratches,whichevenhedidn'tnoticeaftercarryingitallday.Thefatherpausedforamomentandsaid,“Iwantyoutogotothemuseumthistime.There'sawomanIwantyoutotalkto.Isensethispersonwillknowbetterwhatthiswatchisreallyworth.”Aftermeetinghisfather'sfriend,heranbackhometotellhisoldmanthegoodnews,“Youwon'tbelieveit!Wefinallygotanamazingoffer.Shesaidsheneverthoughtshe'dseeoneinperson.Themuseumwouldliketobuyitfor$35.000!Ihaven'trealizedIwasholdingontosomethingthatvaluable.”Hisdadsaid.“What'smoreimportanttomeisthatyoulearnedsomethingaboutvalueandselfworth.Yousee—justlikethatwatch—youtoohavevalue.Andifyougotothewrongplaces,you'llneverknowjusthowmuchvalueyouhave.Evenyourownfriendscangetitwrong.Butthere'salwaysaplaceyoucangotowhereeveryonewillseeyourrealvalue.”1．Whywastheboytoldhiswatchwasscratched?A．Hewastoocareless. B．Hewasn'ttakenseriously.C．Hemightnotgetaproperprice