必修二Unit4HistoryandTraditions语法知识读后续写筑基讲义（原卷版）

Part1单元语法讲义过去分词作定语和宾补Part2读后续写素材各种“说”的表达Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测必修二Unit4HistoryandTraditionsPart1单元语法讲义过去分词作定语和宾补一、过去分词作定语1．过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。Thepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。[名师点津]①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。Therearefewtigersleft.Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfromdyingout.剩余的老虎不多了，是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。Isthereanythingunsolved？还有没有未解决的问题？Heisoneofthoseinvited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。(2)后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。LastTuesdayinamountainousarea，therewereatotalof173sheepkilledalmostimmediately(＝whichwerekilledalmostimmediately)whenlightningstruck.上周二在一个山区，有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。2．过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。Heisateacherrespectedbyall.他是一位人人尊敬的老师。(teacher和respect之间是逻辑上的被动关系)Thehighbuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.去年建的那座高楼是我们的图书馆。(built表示被动和完成)(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。Thegroundiscoveredwiththefallenleavesinautumn.秋天，地面被落叶覆盖。3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别意义形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行Asweallknow，Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。Thevisitorcamefromadevelopedcountry.这位游客来自一个发达国家。4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(beingdone)与动词不定式的被动语态(tobedone)作定语的区别意义形式语态时态done被动完成beingdone被动进行tobedone被动尚未发生Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。二、过去分词作宾补能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。(1)IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。(2)Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发现他的家乡变化很大。2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(3)I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发。(4)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(5)Don'tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。3.表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like,order,want,wish等。(6)Iwouldlikethismattersettledatonce.我希望此事立刻得到解决。(7)Iwishmyhomeworkfinishedbeforefiveo'clock.我希望5点前完成我的作业。过去分词作宾补表示的意义。1.过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。2.过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句(4)，动宾关系是pullouthistooth；例句(6)，动宾关系是settlethismatter。过去分词作宾补时，要注意几种情况。1.使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。第一，过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：Hehadhismoneystolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）第二，过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历）2.过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。如：Thebigfireisreportedcontrolled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。Themeetingroomwasfoundthouroughlycleanedandeverythingarrangedingoodorder.人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。Part2读后续写素材各种“说”的表达一、各种“说”replied回答道continued继续说道sobbed抽噎着说demanded要求道asked问道manded要求道suggested建议道thought想道answered回答道remarked说道agreed同意道repeated重复道begged恳求道pleaded[ˈpli:dɪd]乞求;恳求ordered命令道announced宣布began开始说道explained解释道chuckled[ˈtʃʌkld]笑着说sighed[saɪd]叹着气说corrected纠正道cautioned[ˈkɔ:ʃnd]告诫；提醒sneered[snɪəd]嘲笑；不屑地说mimicked[ˈmɪmɪkt]模仿retorted生气反问道[rɪˈtɔ:tɪd]whispered小声说道breathed轻声说grunted[ˈɡrʌntɪd]咕哝;嘟哝mumbled[ˈmʌmbld]口齿不清地说groaned[ɡrəʊnd]不高兴地低声说；咕哝；呻吟murmured[ˈmɜːməd]低语;喃喃细语;连续发出低沉的声音;(私下)发怨言，发牢骚plained抱怨道moaned[məʊnd]抱怨;发牢骚grumbled[ˈɡrʌmbld]发牢骚muttered[ˈmʌtəd]嘀咕;嘟囔;(私下)抱怨，发牢骚gabbled[ˈɡæbld]急促而含混不清地说；哇哩哇啦地说着gasped[ɡɑ:sp]气喘吁吁地说yelled大喊道cried大喊;大叫called叫道shouted大喊;大叫screamed尖叫道shrieked[ʃri:kt]尖叫hollered[ˈhɒləd]大叫道snarled[snɑ:ld]咆哮;不耐烦地说snapped[snæpt]厉声说;怒气冲冲地说;不耐烦地说bellowed[ˈbeləʊd]吼道growled[ɡraʊld]低声吼叫二、修饰“说”的副词与短语sadly伤心地bitterly伤心地gloomily[ˈɡlu:mili]忧郁地sourly[ˈsaʊə(r)li]不友善地briskly轻快地；活泼地sweetly欢快地brightly高高兴兴地说proudly骄傲地politely礼貌地dreamily神情恍惚地quietly轻声地;温和地softly轻轻地;温和地;柔和地gently温柔地;温和地eagerly渴望地；热切地vaguely[ˈveɪɡli]心不在焉含糊地lightly漫不经心地；满不在乎地triumphantly[traɪ'ʌmfəntli]得意洋洋地slowly慢慢地sternly[ˈstɜ:nli]严厉地;严肃地;hoarsely[ˈhɔ:sli]嘶哑地说道meekly[ˈmi:kli]温顺地;逆来顺受地thoughtfully若有所思地inakindvoice以亲切的声音inaweakvoice以微弱的声音inaloud,firmvoice以响亮、坚定的声音inasharpvoice尖细刺耳的声音inasweet,musicalvoice以她甜美悦耳的嗓音inalowvoice小声;低声地inanimportantvoice以重要的声音inahusky[ˈhʌski]voice低沉沙哑地轻声说话inafortingvoice以安慰的声音inhissurly[ˈsɜ:li]voice用粗暴的声音inapompous[ˈpɒmpəs]voice以浮夸地声音inabig,heartyvoice以饱满的声音inawhisper低声地indisgust厌恶地inamazement吃惊地indesperation绝望地Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测一、单句语法填空1．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Thankstotheanimalcells,thisnewpinkricecouldonedaybeeapletemealbyitself,(guarantee)asufficient,sustainablefoodsupplyforthewholeworld.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Theonlyway(keep)himcalmwasbysinging.3．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Ilearnedthiswhile(take)careofaseagullunfortunateenoughtoswallowahook.4．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）OneStyrofoamcuptakesmorethan1millionyears(recycle)inalandfill,accordingtoClevelandStateUniversity.5．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）IwasincrediblyfortunatetojourneythroughthecitiesofSuzhouandNanjing,bothofwhichleftmefascinatedwiththeirtrueimpressivenessandeagerly(long)toexplorefurther.6．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）(engage)myselfinthelocalindustrialatmosphere,Ichoseahotelinthe“industrialpark”,wherethecoexistenceofadvancedmanufacturingandnaturalbeautywasmostevident,asitwassituatedontheedgeofasceniclake,embracedbyavibrantlandscape.7．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Theagencydirectorsaysthattheywillfocustheirresourceson(educate)thehomeless.“Wewillprobablybuildanotherschoolhomewiththismoney,”hesaid.8．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Oneagency,basedinWoodbridge,isexpected(receive)$1.5million.9．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Tobetterunderstandthewildlifefoundhere,WildwatchKenyaseeks(identify)andtrackthegiraffesinconservationfieldsites.10．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Earthenhousesaremadeofearth,stone,bambooandwood,allreadilyavailablematerialswhichareused(form)wallsupto6feetthick.11．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Theydeclaredthatclothes(make)ofitcanbeusedtotransformthetemperatureofthehumanbodyintoelectricalenergy,whichcandriveelectronicdevices.12．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）They’reexceptionalexamplesofabuildingtraditionandfunction(represent)aparticulartypeofgrouplivinganddefensiveorganizationinaharmoniousrelationshipwiththeirenvironment.13．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Youhavetobeveryfitandstrong(do)“hard”martialarts.14．（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）Youmightalsofindgreenslikelettuce（生菜）(decorate)thesandwich15．（2324高三上·福建·开学考试）Themedicinehasprovedsomewhateffective,butfurthertestingremains(conduct).16．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）LearningChinesehelpsthemseelifefromanewperspectiveand(broad)theirmindstotheoutsideworld.17．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Forexample,thereisChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative,whichmotivatesmanycountriesalongtheSilkRoad(cooperate)moreclosely.18．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Keenfortheirsonsanddaughterstosucceedinlife,theysee(be)fluentinasecondorthirdlanguageasanadvantage.19．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Now,whenspeakingtoAmericans,whohaveapreferencethedirectstyle,IfoundthatIoftenfailed(get)straighttothepoint.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Seek(understand)theotherperson’semotions,byputting(you)intheirshoesandlookingatthesituationfromtheirperspective.21．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）While(be)knowledgeableaboutbodylanguageisvital,thevalueofemphathyshouldnotbeunderstated.22．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Asmileshowsyouareattentivetotheissues(discuss)whilelookingawaywithyourarms(fold)canindicatedisinterestandcreatedistrustorfriction.23．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Forexample,ifyouareabusinessperson(negotiate)withalargeenterpriseaboutadeal,youshoulddoitfacetoface,usingformallanguageastraightforwardmanner.24．（2324高三上·福建·期末）RealizingthatIwastheonlygirlwhowasnotinvited,Igrewincreasinglyupsetanddisappointedforbeingleft.25．（2324高三上·福建·期末）Theappkeepsyou(update)onallyourfavoritetopicsandcurrentevents.26．（2324高三上·福建·期末）(occupy)withscientificresearch,hecouldn’tsparetimetokeeppanywithhisfamily.27．（2324高三下·全国·课后作业）Thinking(positive)andconfidently,the(injure)soldiergraduallyrecoveredandmanagedto(strong)hisfriendshipwiththedoctor.28．（2324高三下·全国·课后作业）(strength)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.29．（2324高三下·全国·课后作业）Itisrecognisedthatpeoplemakingfriendsonlineareafraidofgetting(cheat).30．（2324高三下·全国·课后作业）It’sbeenanhonor(watch)thepandaprogrammedevelopandtoseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.二．（2024·湖南·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Wehadmovedtoanewtownformyhusband’swork.Afterlivinghereforjustacoupleofweeks,Iwasmorethanreadytopickupmyluggageandmovebackhome.Iwaslonelyforafriend.MyboySamuelwaslonely.Myhusband,Lonny,adaptedjustfine,buthewasoccupiedwithworkmostofthetime.Imissedouroldneighborhood.Ithadbeenlikeacloselyknittedmunitywhereneighborschattedoverfences.Newerswereweledwithchocolatebrownies(巧克力蛋糕)andcarrotbread.Ithadbeeneasytofindfriendsthere.Ournewmunitywasdifferent.Itseemedthatfamilyrootsgrewdeep.DeepastheMississippiRiverthatflowedpastthistinyrivertown.Breakinginwastough.“I’msoalonehere,”IsaidtoLonnyoneevening.Lonnyisagoodlistener,andaproblemsolver.“Whathaveyoudonetomeetpeople?”heasked.“Igototheparkeveryday.Ievendroppedbyabooksalon(读书沙龙)atthelibrarytheotherdayandcameacrossaniceladywithaboy.”“Soundsnotbad,”hesaid.“Didyoutalktoher?”Theanswerwasno.Itwasn’tthatpeopleherewereunkind.Ijustdidn’tfeellikeinitiatingconversations,andIpreferredmindingmyownbusinessinanewenvironment.Afewmoremonthspassedandwintersettledin.Itwasharderthanevertomeetpeople.Ibegantofeelbitter.Iwastiredoftryingtofitinaplacewherewedidn’tbelong.Lonnynoticedmylowspirits.“Amy,youlookunapproachable,withyourarmscrossedandeverything,”hewhisperedinmyearoneafternoon.HeandIweresittingintheyard.Samuel,ourfiveyearoldwasplayingbaseballnexttous.“Itdoesn’tmatter.I’mnotgoingtohavefriendshere.”JustthenSamuellookedup.Hemust’veheardourwhispers.“Mom’sright,Dad.We’llnevereverhavefriendshere.Andwejustwanttogoback