Unit3FamilymattersUnderstandingideas分层练习高一英语（2019）.x

Unit3FamilymattersUnderstandingideas分层练习语言知识一、（2024·高一课时练习）单词拼写1.Thisisthehousewheremyfamilyhavelivedforthree_______(一代).2.Itisveryconvenientforustohavea_______(聊天)withourfamilymembersandfriendswiththehelpofWeChat.3.Thereare108main_______(人物，角色)inthenovelWaterMargin,whichisoneofthefourChineseliteratureclassics.4.BasketballismyfavouritesportandI'dlovetobea_______(职业的，专业的)basketballplayeroneday.5.MysisterisstudyinglawatCambridgeUniversityandsheislikelytobeea_______(律师)inthefuture.6.LiNasufferedfromterriblepaininherknees,whichmadeitimpossibleforhertocontinueher______(职业，事业)asatennisplayer.7.Ifyourluggageisoverweight,you'llhavetopay_______(额外的)money.8.Pleasesendаspeakerfromyourgrouptomakea_______(总结)ofyourdiscussion.9.XuHaifengisthefirstChineseplayertowinthegold________(奖牌)intheOlympicGames.10.ItisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewithhighEQareopentonewideasandhave_______(积极的)attitudestowardslife.【答案】1.generations2.chat3.characters4.professional5.lawyer6.career7.extra8.summary9.medal10.positive二、（2024·高一课时练习）单句语法填空1Tomhasagood_______andcan_______newwordsveryquickly.HesaysthetriptoChinaisoneofthemost_______experiencesinhislife.(memorize)2Afterhecameto_______,everyonesaidhewasa______leader,butnowhefeelsso________thatheevencan`tsavehisdaughter.(power)3Theyoungmankept________tohisgirlfriendforhisbeinglate,butsherefusedtoaccepthis________.(apologise)4We`llbe______foryoursafetyandyouneedtotake_______foryouractions.(responsible)5Becauseofhis__________successinplayingbasketball,manyteenagers________JeremyLinandthinkhedeservestheir_______.(admire)6Weshould_________apersonbyhisactions,notbyhiswords.______fromwhathesaid,wethoughthewasanhonestman.However,ithasbeenprovedthatour_______iswrong.(judge)7Beethoven,whoiswidelyconsideredtobea_______musician,showedgreat_______formusicwhenhewasyoung.(talent)8Ifyouwanttogetmore________,pleasecontactme.Itwillgiveyoumore________informationaboutit.(detail)【答案】1.memory;memorize;memorable2.power;powerful;powerless3.apologising;apology4.responsible;responsibility5.admirable;admire;admiration6.judge;Judging;judgment7.talented;talent8.details;detailed三、（2024·高一课时练习）汉译英（单词/短语）1．运动手表________2．记录情况，追逐________3．记录训练的进展_________4．专业运动员_________5．热心体育的人________6．一个理想的选择________7．数据显示器________8．监控心率________9．声控装置________10．保持免提状态________【答案】1．asportswatch2．keeptrackof3．chartone’strainingprogress4．aprofessionalathlete5．akeensportsperson6．anidealchoice7．adigitaldisplay8．monitorone’sheartrate9．avoicecontrol10．stayhandsfree【解析】1．运动手表，英文表达为asportswatch，故答案填asportswatch。2．记录情况，追逐，英文表达为keeptrackof，故答案填keeptrackof。3．记录训练的进展，“记录”chart，“训练的进展”one’strainingprogress，故答案填chartone’strainingprogress。4．专业运动员，英文表达为aprofessionalathlete，故答案填aprofessionalathlete。5．热心体育的人，英文表达为akeensportsperson，故答案填akeensportsperson。6．一个理想的选择，英文表达为anidealchoice，故答案填anidealchoice。7．数据显示器，英文表达为adigitaldisplay，故答案填adigitaldisplay。8．监控心率，“监控”monitor，“心率”one’sheartrate，故答案填monitorone’sheartrate。9．声控装置，英文表达为avoicecontrol，故答案填avoicecontrol。10．保持免提状态，英文表达为stayhandsfree，故答案填stayhandsfree。知识应用（2024届安徽省六安第一中学高三下学期三模）阅读理解Intherecordofhumanhistory,fewsubjectshavegeneratedasmuchexcitement,debate,andguessasartificialintelligence(AI).Thisrevolutionarytechnology,whichenablesmachinestoperformtasksthatoncerequiredhumanintelligence,hasthepotentialtotransformeverypartofoursociety,fromhealthcareandfinancetotransportationandentertainment.Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.This“machinelearning”isthedrivingforcebehindmanyoftheAIapplicationsweseetoday,fromvirtualassistantslikeSiriandAlexatomoreadvancedsystemslikeIBM’sWatson,whichcananalyzevastamountsofinformationtoassistdoctorsindiagnosingdiseases.ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,selfdrivingcarsequippedwithAIsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.However,withgreatpotentialesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutitsethicalimplications(道德含义).Themachinesareonlyasgoodasthedatatheyarefed,andthere’sagrowingconcernaboutbiases(偏见)beingbuiltintoAIsystems.Forinstance,facialrecognitiontechnologies,usedineverythingfromunlockingphonestopolicemonitoringcameras,haveeundercheckformisidentifyingindividualsbasedonraceorgender.Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.WhilenewrolesandindustriesmightemergeasaresultofAI,itisnotsurethatthesewillpayoffthejobslost.Thiscouldincreaseineinequalitiesandcausesdifficultiestosocialsystems.Anothermajorconcernisthe“blackbox”natureofAI.ManyAlsystemsoperateinwaysthateventheircreatorsdon’tfullyunderstand.Thiscanbeproblematic,especiallyincriticalapplicationslikehealthcareorcriminaljusticewhereunderstandingthelogicbehindadecisionisimportant.Thenthere’sthepotentialforAltobeweaponized.Inthehandsofevilactors,AIcouldbeusedtospreadmisinformation,controlpublicopinion,orevenengageininternetwarfare.Theglobalmunitymustetogethertosetstandardsandregulationstopreventsuchmisuse.Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Byfostering(促进)acultureofcontinuouslearningandstayingabreast(并排的，并肩的)oftechnologicaladvancements,societycanbenefitfromthepromiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwele.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.1．InwhatwaydoesAIacquirethecapabilitytoperformtasksthattraditionallyrequiredhumanintelligence?A．Byprogrammingpredefinedrules.B．Throughuserinteractionseveryday.C．Byswallowingandprocessingvastamountsofdata.D．Viaregularsoftwareupdatesfromdevelopers.2．Inthecontextofthearticle,howdoestheauthorprimarilydemonstratetheeffectofartificialintelligence?A．Bycitingnumerousstatisticaldata.B．BypresentingboththepositivepotentialandthechallengesofAI.C．Throughpersonalexperiences.D．ByfocusingonthenegativeeffectsofAl.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Alhasalreadyreplacedmosthumanjobsandistheleadingcauseofunemployment.B．TheglobalmunityhastakenmeasurestopreventAImisuse.C．TheoperationofmanyAIsystemsiseasilyunderstoodbytheircreators.D．ThesolvingtothedilemmabroughtbyAIneedscollectiveeffortsofoursociety.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A．TheRiseofVirtualAssistants:SiriandAlexaB．UnderstandingtheMechanismsBehindAIAlgorithmsC．ArtificialIntelligence:ChartingtheCourseforTomorrow’sTechD．BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAIinModernSociety【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人工智能的潜力和挑战。作者呼吁全球社区共同努力，通过制定标准和规定，投资教育和再培训，以确保AI的潜力得到最大限度的利用，同时避免潜在的危险。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.(人工智能的核心是数据。大量的数据被输入到算法中，从这些数据中学习，使它们能够做出预测，识别模式，甚至做出决策。)”可知，机器获得执行传统上需要人类智能的任务的能力的方法是通过摄取和处理大量数据。故选C。2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,selfdrivingcarsequippedwithAlsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.(人工智能的变革潜力是不可否认的。例如，在医疗领域，人工智能可以帮助早期发现疾病，预测患者的预后，甚至提出治疗方案。在金融领域，算法可以预测股票市场趋势，并提供个性化的理财建议。在交通方面，配备人工智能系统的自动驾驶汽车有望减少事故，缓解交通拥堵，并改变城市景观。)”、第四段“However,withgreatpotentialesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutisethicalimplications(道德含义).(然而，潜力越大，责任越大。人工智能的兴起引发了关于其道德含义的争论。)”、第五段“Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.(此外，人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量的工作岗位流失。)”以及第六段“Anothermajorconcernisthe“blackbox”natureofAI.(另一个主要问题是人工智能的“黑匣子”性质。)”可推知，作者通过展示人工智能的积极潜力和挑战来论证人工智能的影响。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Byfostering(促进)acultureofcontinuouslearningandstayingabreast(并排的，并肩的)oftechnologicaladvancements,societycanbenefitfromthepromiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.(从好的方面来看，许多专家认为，通过建立正确的框架，投资于教育和再培训，我们可以利用人工智能的力量为更大的利益服务。通过培养一种持续学习的文化和跟上技术进步的步伐，社会可以从人工智能的前景中受益，同时避免其潜在的危险。)”可知，解决人工智能带来的困境需要我们社会的共同努力。故选D。4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwele.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.(总之，人工智能是我们这个时代最深刻的发明之一。虽然它提供了巨大的机会，但它也带来了我们作为一个社会必须欢迎的重大挑战。当我们站在这个技术的十字路口时，我们的选择将决定人工智能对人类是有益还是有害。)”可知，文章主要讲述了人工智能的潜力和挑战。作者呼吁全球社区共同努力，通过制定标准和规定，投资教育和再培训，以确保AI的潜力得到最大限度的利用，同时避免潜在的危险。由此可知，D项：BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAlinModernSociety(平衡人工智能在现代社会中的潜力和挑战)是最好的标题。故选D。五、（2024届重庆市九龙坡区高三第三次学业质量抽调）七选五Alongwithfeelingsofanxiety,lossofcontrolandnervousness,physicaleffects,arecausedbyhomesickness.Homesicknessmightdriveyoutomissfamiliarthings.Itisn’tonlyforkids.Almosteveryonehasfelthomesickatsometime.1.Itmeansyouhavefamilyandfriendsworthmissingandaplaceyouwanttoreturntowhenyouradventureawayfromhomeisover.Wegatheredafewpsychologistbackedtipsonhelpingreducehomesickness.2.Feelinghomesickwhenseparatedfromlovedonesmakespeoplewanttobewiththosesupportivepeople.Butkeepinmindthateveryoneisdifferentwhenitestoformingthosenewrelationships.Whenmakingnewconnections,it’sbesttosticktothestylethatworksforyouinordertoreducehomesickness.Practiseselfpassion.3.Themostimportantstepinpractisingselfpassionisreplacingnegativethoughtsaboutyourselfwiththoughtsthataremoresupportiveandkinder.Realizethatfeelinghomesickis100percentnormal.Almosteveryoneexperienceshomesicknesswhenmovingtoanewplace.Somepeoplemightjustbebetterathidingit.4.Keepaneyeonyournegativity.It’salsousefultoaskyourselfhowmuchofyourhomesicknessisduetoaneventandhowmuchisfromwhatyou’rethinkingofasituation.Takingastepbackisremended.5.Youcansilencenegativethoughtsinmanyways,includingrecitingpositivesayings,keepingajournalandeventakingawalkinapark.A．SelfpassionislovingyourselfjustasyoulovetheonesyoucareaboutB．Anewplacefeelsnegativeatfirst,andyou’renotsurewhattoenextC．MakeconnectionswithnewpeopleinfortableenvironmentsD．BeinghomesickisnotasignofpersonaldisadvantageE．Rememberthatthere’sagoodsidetohomesicknessF．TrytoavoidfallingintothetrapofanegativeideaG．Sometimesyoujustwanttogetaway【答案】1．E2．C3．A4．D5．F【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学家支持的一些减轻乡愁的建议。1．上文“Itisn’tonlyforkids.Almosteveryonehasfelthomesickatsometime.(这不仅仅是孩子们。几乎每个人都曾一度想家)”说明想家并不只是孩子的专利；下文“Itmeansyouhavefamilyandfriendsworthmissingandaplaceyouwanttoreturntowhenyouradventureawayfromhomeisover.(想家意味着你有值得思念的家人和朋友以及一个在外探险后想要回去的地方)”表明对想家的积极看法，E项“记住，想家有好的一面”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。2．空处作为小标题，应概括本段大意，下文“Feelinghomesickwhenseparatedfromlovedonesmakespeoplewanttobewiththosesupportivepeople.Butkeepinmindthateveryoneisdifferentwhenitestoformingthosenewrelationships.Whenmakingnewconnections,it’sbesttosticktothestylethatworksforyouinordertoreducehomesickness.(当与所爱的人分开时，想家的感觉会让人们想和那些支持他们的人在一起。但请记住，每个人在建立新关系时都是不同的。结交新朋友时，为了减少思乡之情，最好坚持适合自己的风格。)可知，本段主要阐述结交新朋友、，建立新关系以解思乡之情时，最好坚持适合自己的风格；C项“在舒适的环境中与新人建立联系”能够概括本段主旨，适合作为小标题，且选项中的Makeconnectionswithnewpeople与下文中Whenmakingnewconnections相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。3．由小标题“Practiseselfpassion.(练习自我同情)”可知本段建议练习自我同情；下文“Themostimportantstepinpractisingselfpassionisreplacingnegativethoughtsaboutyourselfwiththoughtsthataremoresupportiveandkinder.(练习自我同情最重要的一步是用更支持和更友善的想法取代对自己的负面想法)”说明练习自我同情的做法，A项“自我同情就是像爱自己关心的人一样爱自己”定义了什么是自我同情，与上下文相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。4．上文“Almosteveryoneexperienceshomesicknesswhenmovingtoanewplace.Somepeoplemightjustbebetterathidingit.(几乎每个人在搬到新地方时都会想家。有些人可能更善于隐藏它)”说明想家是正常现象；D项“想家并不是个人缺陷的标志”承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。5．下文“Youcansilencenegativethoughtsinmanyways,includingrecitingpositivesayings,keepingajournalandeventakingawalkinapark.(你可以通过多种方式压制消极的想法，包括背诵积极的名言、记日记，甚至在公园里散步)”说明如何避免或处理消极情绪，F项“尽量避免陷入消极想法的陷阱”引起下文，anegativeidea与标题中negativity和下文negativethoughts相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。六、（2024届福建省漳州市高三毕业班第三次质量检测）阅读理解Theclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apalaeontologistattheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Heparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleassimilartothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.“Thereasonsarenotentirelyunderstood,butitisprobably,inpart,becausesmalleranimalshaveahighersurfacearearelativetotheirvolumethanbiggeranimalsandcanthusimprovethedissipationoftheextraheat,”hewrites.Brusattesaidthatbeingsmallerwas“amonwaythatmammalsdealwithclimatechange”.Headded,“That’snottosayeveryspeciesofmammalwouldgetsmaller,butitseemstobeamonsurvivaltrickofmammalswhentemperaturesriseprettyquickly.Thatdoesraisethequestion:Iftemperaturesdorisereallyquickly,mighthumansgetsmaller?AndIthinkthat’scertainlyreasonable.”However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.“Wearenotreallycontrolledbynaturalselection,”hesaid.“Ifthatwasgoingtohappen,you’dneedtofindlargepeopledyingbeforetheycouldreproducebecauseofclimatewarming.Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.Wewearclothes,wehavegotheating,wehavegotairconditioningifitistoohot.”1．HowdomammalscopewithclimatechangeaccordingtoBrusatte?A．Movingtocolderregions. B．Reducingtheirbodysize.C．Losingtheirweight. D．Adaptingtheirdiet.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipation”inParagraph3mean?A．Exchange. B．Formation. C．Absorption. D．Emission.3．WhatisAdrianLister’sattitudetowardstherecentstudy?A．Worried. B．Objective. C．Skeptical. D．Approving.4．Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A．TheThreatofClimateChangetoHumanSurvivalB．TheImpactofClimateChangeonMammalBodySizesC．TheEvolutionaryTrendsinMammalBodySizesD．TheAdaptiveStrategiesofMammalstoClimateChange【答案】1．B