人教版英语选择性Unit3PeriodOneReadingandThinking课时作业

PeriodOneReadingandThinkingⅠ.单词拼写1.Tomakeaplaint,youwillneedtogothroughtheofficialc________.

(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】channels【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：要投诉，你需要通过官方渠道。根据单词首字母和句意“渠道”以及空格前的定冠词the可知，此处应用名词channel作介词through的宾语，根据句意，应用其复数形式。故填channels2.Thosewhohaveb________thebeautyofthedesertneverforgetit.

(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】beheld【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词过去分词。句意：看过沙漠之美的人永远不会忘记它。根据单词首字母和句意“看；看见”以及空格前的助动词have可知，此处应用动词behold的过去分词beheld和have一起构成现在完成时。故填beheld。3.Anygivencultureisareflectionofthep________andeconomicsofagivensociety.

(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】politics【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：任何特定的文化都是特定社会的政治和经济的反映。定冠词the后接名词形式。名词politics为不可数名词。根据首字母提示及句意，故填politics。4.Asam________,heiswellinformedandhasagoodsenseofbusiness.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】merchant【解析】【详解】考查名词作宾语。句意：作为一个商人，他见多识广，有很强的商业意识。设空处位于不定冠词a后面，充当介词as的宾语，所以要用可数名词单数形式；根据单词首字母及句意“商人”可知，此处要填merchant。故填merchant。5.Thefollowingtwo________(故事)willclearlyillustratethispoint.

(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】tales【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：接下来的两个故事将清楚地阐述这个观点。根据空前two修饰可知，此处应使用名词复数。根据汉语提示，故填tales。6.Thereisenoughwaterintheharbourtofloatastandard________(舰队).

(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】fleet【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：在港湾有足够的水，用来使一个标准的舰队漂浮。根据空前a和形容词standard修饰可知，此处应填名词单数。根据汉语提示，故填fleet。7.Media________(报道)ofcyclinginJulywasprettyimpressive.

(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】coverage【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：媒体对7月份骑行的报道令人印象深刻。根据汉语提示“报道”以及后文后置定语介词短语ofcyclinginJuly可知，此处应用名词coverage作主语，coverage是不可数名词。故填coverage。8.The________(联盟)hasbranchesineachofthetenprovincesandthreeterritories.

(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】league【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：联盟在10个省和3个地区各设有分支机构。根据汉语提示“联盟”可知，应填名词league，作主语，根据后文has可知，用单数。故填league。9.Noprofessionalsmayparticipateintheamateurtennis________(锦标赛).

(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】tournament【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：职业选手不得参加业余网球锦标赛。根据汉语提示“锦标赛”可知，此处应用名词tournament作介词in的宾语。故填tournament。10.Tohergreatsurprise,ZhangPingyufoundtheQueen’sjewelsguardedbyspecial________(皇家的)soldiers.

(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】royal【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：令张萍玉大为惊讶的是，她发现女王的珠宝被皇家特别士兵守卫着。修饰名词soldiers前用形容词形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填royal。Ⅱ.单句填空11.Ihopeinyears________(e)hewillreflectonhisdecision.

(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】toe【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我希望在未来的几年里他会反思他的决定。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词years，不定式有将来含义。故填toe。12.IsuspectthatMrBrownwasdismissedfor________(politics)reasons.

(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】political【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：我怀疑布朗先生被解职是出于政治原因。修饰名词reasons应用形容词作定语。形容词political意为“政治的”符合题意。故填political。13.Today’snewspapersmadeastatementastotheirrefusal________(negotiate).

(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】tonegotiate【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：今天的报纸发表声明说他们拒绝谈判。根据句意可知，此处应用动词negotiate的不定式和介词短语astotheirrefusal一起作后置定语，修饰名词statement。故填tonegotiate。14.Allatoncehiseyesfelluponthemirroragain,andagainhe________(behold)thevision.

(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】beheld【解析】【分析】【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：忽然，他的目光又落在镜子上，他又看见了那个幻影。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，and连接两个并列句，设空处充当谓语动词；根据前一个句子的谓语动词fell用了过去式可知，设空处也要用过去式；behold的过去式为beheld。故填beheld。15.Whilehisinterestinthesesportsbegantodiedown,apassion________footballdeveloped.

(用适当的词填空)【答案】for【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意：当他对这些运动的兴趣逐渐减退时，却产生了对足球的热情。根据句意及空前passion可知，此处使用介词for，构成短语apassionfor“对……的强烈爱好；热爱”。故填for。16.Asmanypeopleshowedgreatenthusiasm,theshow________(extend)foranothertwoweeks.

(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】hasbeenextended【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：由于许多人表现出极大的热情，演出又延长了两周。根据句意以及时间状语foranothertwoweeks可知，用现在完成时，动词extend和主语theshow之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态（have/hasbeendone），主语theshow为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填hasbeenextended。17.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof________mykidswillneedfortheingseason.

(用适当的词填空)【答案】what【解析】【分析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在折扣开始之前，我制作了一个我孩子在即将到来季节所需要东西的清单。根据句意接句子结构可知，此处应填what作for的宾语，引导宾语从句。故填what。18.IheldmybreathasIwatched,feelinga________(mix)ofhappinessandsurprise.

(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】mixture【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我屏住呼吸看着这一切，感到一种喜忧参半的心情。不定冠词a后接名词的单数形式。根据句意，故填mixture。19.Whilepassengerslovetoplainabouttaxidrivers,thedriversofBeijingarein________leagueoftheirown.

(用适当的词填空)【答案】a【解析】【分析】【详解】考查冠词。句意：虽然乘客喜欢抱怨出租车司机，但北京的出租车司机却独树一帜。结合句意表示“独树一帜，有自己的特点”可知短语为beinaleagueofone’sown。故填a。20.Theaimofthecourseis________(help)studentstoprehendthestructureofcontemporaryhistory.

(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】tohelp【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这门课程的目的是帮助学生理解当代历史的结构。句中用不定式作表语，表示目的。根据句意，故填tohelp。Ⅲ.短语填空选词填空reachanagreement;etrue;setsail;underthemandof;forthebenefitof;inhand;inreturnfor;withdrawfrom21.Itwasabrightclearmorningwhenweatlast________________intheship.22.AsfarasIcansee,onlybyworkinghardwillourdream________________.23.Theunexpectedinjuryforcedhimto________________thetournament.24.Theship,whichis________________captainBlake,looksfairlysplendid.25.IwishIcoulddosomething________________thekindnessIhavereceivedfromhim.26.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,thetwosideshaven’t________________sofar.27.Infact,whathesaidhasnodirectrelationtothematter________________.28.Thisisabenefittomankind,________________futuregenerationsofenergysavingprojects.【答案】21.setsail22.etrue23.withdrawfrom24.underthemandof25.inreturnfor26.reachedanagreement27.inhand28.forthebenefitof【解析】【分析】【21题详解】考查动词短语。句意：我们终于乘船启航时，那是一个晴朗早晨。分析可知，空处为谓语动词，表示“扬帆起航”，用短语setsail，was表示用一般过去时。故填setsail。【22题详解】考查动词短语。句意：在我看来，只有通过努力工作，我们的梦想才能实现。分析可知，空处为谓语动词，表示“实现”，用短语etrue，will后面跟动词原形。故填etrue。【23题详解】考查动词短语。句意：意外的受伤迫使他退出了比赛。分析可知，空处意为“从……中退出”，用短语withdrawfrom，又因为forcesb.todosth.，所以用动词原形。故填withdrawfrom。【24题详解】考查介词短语。句意：这艘由Blake船长指挥的船看起来相当壮丽。分析可知，空处表示“由……指挥”，为介词短语underthemandof，在句中作表语。故填underthemandof。【25题详解】考查介词短语。句意：我希望我能做点什么来报答他对我的恩惠。分析可知，空处表示“回报”，为短语inreturnfor，在句中作状语。故填inreturnfor。【26题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：尽管举行了前几轮会谈，但双方迄今尚未达成协议。分析可知，空处意为“达成协议”，用动词短语reachanagreement，sofar表示用现在完成时。故填reachedanagreement。【27题详解】考查介词短语。句意：事实上，他所说的与手头的事情没有直接关系。分析可知，空处意为“手头的”，用介词短语inhand，修饰matter。故填inhand。【28题详解】考查介词短语。句意：这是一项造福人类、造福子孙后代的节能工程。分析可知，空处意为“造福”，为介词短语forthebenefitof，在句中作状语。故填forthebenefitof。Ⅳ.句型训练29.________________middleschool,I________________takingagreatbiketrip.(since)自从初中开始，我就一直梦想有一次很棒自行车之旅。【答案】①.Eversince②.havebeendreamingabout【解析】【详解】考查短语和时态。根据提示，表达“自从”应用eversince，“梦想做某事”表达为dreamaboutdoingsth.；结合语境和时间状语eversincemiddleschool可知，此处指动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去，故用现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing；主语是I，助动词用have。故填①Eversince；②havebeendreamingabout。30.Inspiteofthemanager’sillness,________________.(as)尽管经理生病了，这次会议还是会按计划进行。【答案】themeetingwillgoaheadasplanned【解析】【分析】【详解】考查一般将来时及省略结构。根据句意可知，句子“这次会议还是会按计划进行”描述的是将来要发生的事情，所以要用一般将来时，一般将来时的结构为will+动词原形；分析句子成分可知，句子主语为themeeting，“进行”译为goahead，所以谓语动词为willgohead；“按计划”可译为asitisplanned，可省略为asplanned。故填themeetingwillgoaheadasplanned。31.Thoughtheyalwaysargueorevenquarrel,_____________.(remain)尽管他们总是争论甚至争吵,他们仍旧是最好的朋友。【答案】theyremainthebestoffriends【解析】【分析】【详解】考查一般现在时、动词及所有格。根据从句中动词argue可知，时态是一般现在时，故主句应是一般现在时。表示“最好的朋友”用所有格thebestoffriends；表示“仍旧”用动词remain。故答案为theyremainthebestoffriends。32.Totellyouthetruth,_______________.(therebe,定语从句)说实话，这里有太多我绝不会理解的事情。【答案】thereissomuchherethatI’llneverunderstand【解析】【详解】考查时态、therebe句型和定语从句。名词much，在定语从句中作宾语，当先行词是much时，只能用that引导定语从句，所以用关系代词that引导。根据括号提示，用therebe句型，名词much为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数。主句陈述主语现在的状态，所以用一般现在时；从句陈述将来的事情，所以用一般将来时。根据句意，故填thereissomuchherethatI’llneverunderstand。33.NeverwillIforgettheincidenthappeninglastweek,______________.(非限制性定语从句)

我永远不会忘记上周发生的那件事,那给我留下了深刻的印象。【答案】whichleftadeepimpressiononme【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。leaveanimpressiononsb.给某人留下印象。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限定性定语从句。句中先行词为incident，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。根据句中时间状语lastweek可知，用一般过去时。根据句意，故填whichleftadeepimpressiononme。Ⅴ.阅读理解Theentireglobalpopulationofmarbledcrayfish(龙纹虾)hasbeentracedtoasinglefemaleheldinaGermanaquarium(水族馆),whichwasbornwiththeabilitytoreproducewithoutmales.Everymarbledcrayfishisfemale,andeveryegglaidisanexactcloneofitsmother.Theabilitytoreproducequicklywithsucheasemadethempopularintheaquariumtrade,butwhentheyfoundtheirwayintothewild,thecrayfishgotoutofcontrol.Thefirstknownmarbledcrayfishappearedin1995.Sincethen,theyhavespreadintothewildandpopulatedinfreshwaterecosystemsaroundtheworld.Scientistsstudyingthisanimalhaveraisedthealarmaboutitslikelyinfluenceonlocalwildlife,ecosystemsandagricultureasitspreadsintonewenvironments.Successfulnonnativespecieslikethemarbledcrayfishoftencausetroublewhentheyarriveinnewenvironments,astheycanfeedonlocalwildlifeorpetewithitforresources.AccordingtoDrFrankLyko,aresearcherattheGermanCancerResearchCentre,thefirstmarbledcrayfishappearedduetoasuddenchangeinitsparents’cells.Itwasananimalthatreproducesclonallyandthereforerepresentsamodelofacentralaspectintumor(肿瘤)development.“Tumorgenomes(基因组)alsodevelopclonally,becausetheygobacktoasingleoriginalcell,”hesaid.However,bothcrayfishandtumorsarestillabletoadapttotheirenvironmentsthroughaprocesstermed“clonalevolution”,andinbothcasesthiscanbeharmful.Incrayfish,theirabilitytoadaptmeanstheycanspreadtoavarietyofdifferentenvironmentsandclimates,andintumorsthismeanstheycandevelopresistance(抵抗)againstcancertargetingdrugs.Atpresent,withthepotentialinfluenceoftheincreasingmarbledcrayfishonlocalplaces,governmentsfromdifferentplacesareworkingoncontrollingtheirpopulation.34.Whatdoesthetextsayaboutmarbledcrayfishinthewild?A.Theyprovepopular. B.Theyareundercontrol.C.Theycanbetroublesome. D.Theyareoutofcondition.35.WhatdoesDrFrankLykotrytoexplain?A.Thereasonformarbledcrayfish’sclonalreproductionB.Thesimilaritiesbetweenmarbledcrayfishandtumors.C.Thewaytostopmarbledcrayfishcloningthemselves.D.Theharmfulinfluencemarbledcrayfishhaveonhealth.36.Whataregovernmentsdoingaboutmarbledcrayfishnow?A.Workingonremovingallofthem. B.Tryingtolimitthequantityofthem.C.Takingcontrolofthemwithdrugs. D.Connectingthemwithharmfultumors.37.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhyMarbledCrayfishReproduceRapidlyB.ThePopulationofMarbledCrayfishIsHugeC.TheSpreadofMarbledCrayfishIsWorryingD.HowtoControltheNumberofMarbledCrayfish【答案】34.C35.A36.B37.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍大理石小龙虾的无性繁殖，尤其是在野外，它的蔓延令人担忧。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中Theabilitytoreproducequicklywithsucheasemadethempopularintheaquariumtrade,butwhentheyfoundtheirwayintothewild,thecrayfishgotoutofcontrol.“这种快速繁殖的能力使它们在水族馆里很受欢迎，但当它们进入野外时，小龙虾失去了控制。”由此可知，对野外的大理石小龙虾可能很麻烦。故选C。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Itwasananimalthatreproducesclonallyandthereforerepresentsamodelofacentralaspectintumor(肿瘤)development.“它是一种通过无性繁殖的动物，因此它代表了肿瘤发展的一个核心方面。”和第四段第一句“Tumorgenomes(基因组)alsodevelopclonally,becausetheygobacktoasingleoriginalcell,”hesaid.他说:“肿瘤基因组也会以无性方式发展，因为它们会回到单个原始细胞。”由此可知，FrankLyko博士试图解释大理石小龙虾无性繁殖的原因。故选A。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段Atpresent,withthepotentialinfluenceoftheincreasingmarbledcrayfishonlocalplaces,governmentsfromdifferentplacesareworkingoncontrollingtheirpopulation.“目前，随着越来越多的大理石小龙虾对当地的潜在影响，各地政府都在努力控制它们的数量。”可知，政府现在对大理石小龙虾试图限制它们的数量。故选B。【37题详解】标题判断题。根据第一段中Theentireglobalpopulationofmarbledcrayfish(龙纹虾)hasbeentracedtoasinglefemaleheldinaGermanaquarium(水族馆),whichwasbornwiththeabilitytoreproducewithoutmales.“全球大理石小龙虾的全部种群都可以追溯到德国水族馆里的一只雌性小龙虾身上，这只小龙虾天生就有在没有雄性的情况下繁殖的能力。”和Theabilitytoreproducequicklywithsucheasemadethempopularintheaquariumtrade,butwhentheyfoundtheirwayintothewild,thecrayfishgotoutofcontrol.“这种快速繁殖的能力使它们在水族馆里很受欢迎，但当它们进入野外时，小龙虾失去了控制。”由此可知，“大理石小龙虾的蔓延令人担忧”。故选C。Ⅵ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。____38____(see)fromouterspace,Earthisablueplanet,duetothefactthattheoceancoversover70percentofitssurface.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScience,theoceanplaysagreatrolein____39____(slow)downglobalwarming.____40____TheNewYorkTimesreported,itis“____41____importantbuffer(缓冲物)”.

Theoceanscanabsorb93percentoftheheattrappedbythegreenhousegaseswhichhumansreleaseintotheatmosphere.Andtheother7percent____42____(absorb)bytheair,landandicecaps,accordingtoan____43____(analyse).

“Iftheoceanwasn’tabsorbingasmuchheat,thesurfaceofthelandwouldheatupmuch____44____(fast)thanitisrightnow,”saidprofessorMalinL.PinskyatRutgersUniversityintheUS.“Infact,theoceanissavingusfromrapidwarmingrightnow.”

However,theoceanitself,asDiscoverMagazinenoted,isheatingup40percentfasteronaveragethantheUnitedNations____45____(believe)fiveyearsago.Thatmeansiftheoceantemperaturesincrease____46____thisspeed,thehighwatertemperatures“willk