必修二Unit3TheInternet语法知识读后续写筑基讲义（原卷版）

Part1单元语法讲义现在完成时被动语态Part2读后续写素材五官表情描写Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测必修二Unit3TheInternetPart1单元语法讲义现在完成时被动语态一．现在完成时的被动语态的构成肯定句向式：主语＋have/hasbeen＋过去分词否定句向式：主语+have/hasnotbeen＋过去分词一般疑问句句式：Have/Has＋主语＋been＋过去分词？特殊疑问向句式：疑问词＋have/has＋主语+been+过去分词？二．现在完成时的被动语态的用法从时态角度看，现在完成时的被动语态和主动语态一样，主要用来表达：①过去动作对现在的影响;②过去动作的持续;③对过去历史的回顾。1.表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用.Theproblemhasalreadybeensolved.问题已经被解决了。（现在不再有困扰了）Ihavebeentoldaboutthatmatter.我已被告知那件事情了。（“我”现在已经知道了）2.表示一个被动的动作从过去开始一直持线到现在，并有可能持线下去。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong..?”句型中。Financialproblemsofthepanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.这家公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时Howlonghasthisbookbeenkept?这本书已被借了多长时间？3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Don'tdrinkthewateruntilithasbeencooled.在水凉下来之前不要喝。YoucanwatchTVaslongasyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.你只要做完了作业就可以看电视。4.表示过去的经历。经常与often,never,ever,only,once,twice,before,since,thefirsttime等时间状语连用。HasthiskindofworkeverbeendonebyMary?这种工作玛丽曾经做过吗？ThisisthefirsttimeTornhasbeeninvitedtoperformonthestage.这是汤姆第一次被邀请在舞台上表演。特别注意：常与现在完成时被动语态连用的时间状语：already已经；yet已经；recently/lately最近；sincethen从那时起；eversince自那以來；ever曾经；foralongtime很长一段时间；sofar迄今为止；bynow到现在为止；inrecentyears在最近几年里；in/during/overthepast/lastfewyears在过去的几年里三由主动语态到被动语态的转换1.“主＋动＋宾(S+V+0）”结构的被动语态“主十动＋宾（S+V+0）”结构在变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，原来的谓语动词变为“be＋过去分词”形式，原来的主语在被动句中由by引导,通常可以省略。Wehavebuiltmanybridgesinthepasttenyears.在过去的10年中，我们建了许多桥梁。→Manybridgeshavebeenbuilt(byus)inthepasttenyears.Imetmyoldfriendonthestreetyesterday.我昨天在街上碰到了我的老朋友。→Myoldfriendwasmetonthestreetyesterday.Wearelookingintothematter.我们正在调查这件事→Thismatterisbeinglookedinto(byus).2.“主＋动＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO）”结构的被动语态“主十动＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(s+V+10+DO）“结构变为被动语态时，可以将两个宾语中的任何个宾语变为被动向的主语。这个结构的转换分为两种：一种可以转化为带介词to的结构，一种可以转化为带介词for的结构。（1）转化为带介词to的结构有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式，即：可用直拱宾语或何接宾语作主语。可以这样转化的动词主要有bring.give,band,lend,send,offer,pass,sell,show,tell等。Wegavehimsomebooks./Wegavesomebookstohim.→Hewasgivensomebooks./Somebooksweregiventohim.Lizasentmeanemail./Lizasentanemailtome.莉莎给我发了一封电子邮件→AnemailwassenttomebyLiza./IwassentanemailbyLiza.转化为带介词for的结构有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，不用间接宾语;一般在间接宾语前用介词for。可以这样转化的动词主要有buy,make,ind,get,do,fetch,order,sing等。Heboughthisgirlfriendanicegift./Heboughtanicegiftforhisgirlfriend.他给女朋友买了一份很棒的礼物。→Anicegiftwasboughtforhisgirlfriend(byhim)Mymothermademeaskirt./Mymothermadeaskirtforme.我妈妈给我做了一条裙子。→Askirtwasmadeformebymymother.3.“主+动＋宾＋宾补(S+V+0+C)”绪构的被动语态“主＋动＋宾＋宾补(S+V+O+C）“结构转变为被动语态时，应将主动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。带有形式宾语it的句子一般把it变为被动句的主语。Theyhavemadethedesertedtempletheirshelter.他们把那座荒废的寺庙变成了他们的避难所。→Thedesertedtemplehasbeenmadetheirshelter.那座荒废的寺庙被变成了他们的避难所。Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.我们总是保持教室清洁。→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.教室总是被保特清洁。Theyaskedmetohelpthem.他们叫我帮助他们。→Iwasaskedtohelpthem.我被叫去帮助他们了。Wesawthemplayingfootball.我们看到他们在踢足球→Theywereseenplayingfootball.他们被人看见在踢足球。Weconsideritwrongtoshoutatchildrenwhomakemistakes.我们认为训斥犯了错误的孩子是不对的。→Itisconsideredwrongtoshoutatchildrenwhomakemistakes.训斥犯了错误的孩子被认为是不对的。重要提示：1.在see,hear,listento,lookat,feel等感官动词（词组)后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但变成被动语态后要加上to。WeoftenhearLilysing.我们经常听到莉莉唱歌。→Lilyisoftenheardtosing.经常有人听到莉莉唱歌。2.makesb.dosth.等不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的结构变为被动时也要加上to。Youdon'thavetomakePeterworkhard.彼得没必要被逼迫努力学习。特别提醒:watch和notice这两个动词，不定式作宾补可以有主动语态：watch/noticesb.dosth.，但没有被动语态，不可以说：Hewaswatched/noticedtogooutoftheoffice.。此外have也是如此，我们可以说：havesb.dosth.，不可以说：Hewashadtodothejobatonce..你没有必要逼迫彼得努力学习。→Peterdoesn'thavetobemadetoworkhard.彼得没必要被逼迫努力学习。Part2读后续写素材五官表情描写1.有关head的表情描写drop/lower/bend/bowone’shead低下头nodone’shead低头shakeone’shead摇头scratchone’shead挠头scratch[skræt]抓；挠restone’sheadon把头靠在...上面buryone’shead把头埋起来clearone’shead清醒一下头脑feelone’sheadspinning觉得天旋地转spin[spin]旋转;眩晕Headfor/towards朝...走去翻译小练习：1.他羞愧地低下了头。2.他们点头同意。3.她怀疑地摇摇头。4.他挠了挠头，一个字也听不懂。5.她用枕头捂住脑袋。6.她将头靠在他的肩膀上。7.我决定去走走，清醒一下头脑。8.他只喝了一杯就觉得天旋地转。9.他转身朝门口走去。参考答案：1.Hedropped/lowered/bent/bowedhisheadinshame.2.Theynoddedtheirheadsinagreement.3.Sheshookherheadindisbelief.4.Hescratchedhishead,notunderstandingaword.5.Sheburiedherheadinthepillow.6.Sherestedherheadonhisshoulder.7.Idecidedtogoforawalktoclearmyhead.8.Hecouldfeelhisheadspinningafteronlyonedrink.9.Heturnedandheadedforthedoor.2.有关face的表情描写abrightsmile灿烂的笑容one’sfacebrightened某人的脸上焕发出了光彩one’sfacegrowserious表情变得严肃one’sfacelookedalittleconfused某人看起来有点因惑one'sfaceflushed/burnedwithembarrassment.某人的脸窘得满脸通红one’sfacepaledwithfright某人的脸吓得都白了hadaslightfrownonone’sface某人愁眉不展的样子翻译小练习：1.他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。2.我给她礼物时，他的脸上焕发出了光彩。3.他的表情突然严肃起来。4.他看起来有点因惑。5.杰克窘得满脸通红。flush[flʌʃ]脸红6.她吓得脸都白了。7.他的脸上现出有点儿愁眉不展的样子。参考答案：1.Abrightsmileappearedonhisface.2.Herfacelitup/brightened/glowedwhenIgaveherthepresent.3.Hisfacesuddenlygrewserious.4.Hisfacelookedalittleconfused.5.Jack'sfaceflushed/burnedwithembarrassment.6.Herfacepaledwithfright.7.Hehadaslightfrownonhisface.3.有关cheek的表情描写one’scheeksburningwithshame某人因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烧one’scheeksarewetwithtears某人泪流满面colorrushed/floodedtoone’scheeks某人涨红了脸atearsliddownone’scheek一滴泪顺着某人的脸颊滑落下来kissedsbonbothcheeks亲了某人的脸颊翻译小练习:1.他因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烧。2.她泪流满面。3.意识到有人在看她，她顿时涨红了脸。4.一滴泪顺着她的脸颊滑落下来。5.他亲了亲她的脸颊，然后上了火车。参考答案：1.Hefelthischeeksburningwithshame.2.Hercheekswerewetwithtears.3.Colorrushed/floodedtohercheekswhensherealizedshewasbeingwatched.4.Atearsliddownhercheek.5.Hekissedheronbothcheeksandgotonthetrain.4.有关eye的表情描写one’seyesarewidewithhorror某人惊恐地瞪大了眼睛one’seyesshinewithexcitement某人眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒one’seyesfilledwithtears某人的眼里充满泪水one’seyesfallonsomeplace某人的目光落在..lookatsbstraightintheeye直视某人的眼睛one’seyesfixon......某人的目光紧盯着......one’seyesscan......某人的眼睛扫视......one’seyesdroppedto......某人垂下眼睛看着......翻译小练习:1.他惊恐地瞪大了眼睛。2.她笑了，眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。3.她的眼里充满泪水。4.那条狗饥饿的目光落在我的三明治。fallon/landon...(目光)落在...5.她直视父亲的眼睛，诚实地回答了他的问题。6.他似乎不愿意与我的目光接触。7.她试图坐起来，目光紧盯着琼的脸。8.他一刻不停地盯着我。9.他进屋时眼睛扫视了整个房间。10.他回答时垂下眼睛看着膝盖。参考答案：1.Hiseyeswerewidewithhorror.2.Shelaughed,hereyesshiningwithexcitement.3.Hereyesfilledwithtears.4.Thedog'shungryeyesfellonmysandwich.5.Shelookedatherfatherstraightintheeyeandansweredhisquestiontruthfully.6.Heseemedunwillingtomeetmyeyes.7.Shetriedtositup,hereyesfixedonJean'sface.8.Hiseyesneverleftmine.9.Hiseyesscannedtheroomasheentered.10.Hiseyesdroppedtoherlapassheanswered.5.有关mouth的表情描写关于嘴的动作有：openone’smouth张开嘴hideone’syawn打哈欠cupone’smouth扣住某人的嘴stuffone’smouthwithsomething用......填满嘴巴形容嘴的状态：dropopeninsurprise惊奇地张大了嘴startwatering开始流口水heartbeinone’smouth紧张得心都到了喉咙眼翻译小练习：1.她张开嘴要说什么,最后什么也没说。2.他捂住嘴偷偷打了个哈欠。3.我们惊奇地张大了嘴。4.闻到食物的香味，我开始流口水了。5.突然一只手扣住了她的嘴。6.他的嘴上挂着一丝笑意。7.他开始往嘴里塞意大利面。stuff[stf]塞满;填塞8.他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。9.我走进她的办公室时，紧张得心都到了喉咙眼。参考答案：1.Sheopenedhermouthtosaysomething，butnothing.2.Hecoveredhismouthtohidehisyawn.3.Ourmouthsdroppedopeninsurprise.4.MymouthstartedwateringwhenIsmelledthefood.5.Suddenlyahandcuppedhermouth.6.Asmileplayedaroundhismouth.7.Hebegantostuffhismouthwithpasta.8.Hestraightenedupandlookedatme,openmouthed.9.MyheartwasinmymouthwhenIwalkedintoheroffice.Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测一、单句语法填空1．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Intheexperiment,theresearchersfirst/measuredhowmanytears(produce)bydogswhentheywerejustspendingtimeathomewiththeirowners.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）TheAmericansuperstar(spot)withayoungphysicallychallengedQatariboy,AlMuftah.TheboywasbornwitharareconditionknownasCRS.3．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）WED(create)in1972bytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly.Theenvironmentwasn’tsuchabigissuebackthen.4．（2324高三下·广东广州·开学考试）LeadresearcherProfessorHadanysaid,“Eachplantandeachtypeofstress(link)toaspecialsound.”5．（2324高三上·新疆伊犁·开学考试）He(appoint)asheadmasterandwantedtotellhisgirlfriendthegoodnews.6．（2324高三上·甘肃·阶段练习）EveryyearinSeptemberorOctober,theMid­AutumnFestival(celebrate)bytheChinesepeopleallovertheworld.7．（2324高三上·河北·期末）Over3,000liveswere(claim)inthe1960SanFranciscoearthquakeandtheseriesoffiresthatoccurredafterit.8．（2324高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）Hisapplication(accept)dependingonhispreviousworkexperienceandqualifications.9．（2324高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）Yourapplicationshall(submit)earlybecauseuniversitiesbeginworkassoonasformsstartrollingin.10．（2324高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习）Theteachertoldherthatsheshouldbeawareschoollifeconsistsofnotonlysunshinebutalsohardtimesandthateducationshouldn’t(measure)onlybyexaminationresults.11．（2022高三·全国·专题练习）Themuseumisinthesouthwestofthecityandyoucanfinditseasilyonthemap.(locate)12．（2022高三·全国·专题练习）Enteringasupermarket,Iwaswarmlybythegreengrocer.Hischerrymademefeelathome．(greet)13．（2022高三·全国·专题练习）Dr.YuanLongpingwas(regard)asagreatagriculturalscientistbecausehiscontributiontofarmingisconsideredtobe(reward).14．（2324高三上·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.15．（1920高一下·黑龙江七台河·期末）Largequantitiesoffood(send)tothecountriesstruckbytheearthquakesofar.16．（2324高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）DeathcanoccurfromoverdosesanddiseasessuchasAIDScan(acquire)fromsharingneedles.17．（2324高三上·河北衡水·期中）Over3,000lives(claim)inthe1906SanFranciscoearthquakeandtheseriesoffiresthatoccurredafterit.18．（2324高三上·河北沧州·期中）Amethanemoleculeis(pose)ofonecarbonatomattachedtofourhydrogens.19．（2324高三上·广东湛江·阶段练习）Childrenshould(expose)toasmuchtraditionalcultureaspossible.20．（2324高三上·黑龙江大庆·期中）Thankstothenewtechnology,costs(reduce)by30%overthepastyear.21．（2324高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycannot(solve).22．（2324高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）MrLee(reward)withasmartphoneforhishardworkinthepany.23．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）TopromotevariousapplicationsofDunhuangartpatternsindailylifedesignandachievethedevelopmentofculturalheritagerepresentedbyDunhuangartpatterns,theChangShanaDesignAwardin2021(announce)onJanuary21.24．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Coralreefs(find)inthetropicalareasoftheworld,buttheycanalsoexistincolderwater.25．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）In2008,atotalof46Fujiantulousites(list)asWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCO.26．（2324高三下·全国·课后作业）Toourshock,theyounggirlstruggled(support)alargefamilylastyear,which

(appreciate)byherfamilymembers.27．（2324高三下·全国·课后作业）Though(major)inengineering,theladymadeeveryefforttolearncalligraphywhich(regard)asanartform.28．（2324高三下·全国·课后作业）Uptonowfoodandwater(deliver)tothedisaster­strickenarea,wheremanypeople(survive)thedisasterareinurgentneedofhelp.29．（2324高三下·全国·课后作业）Twofifthsofthebuildings(destroy)intheearthquakelastweekend,(leave)thewholeworldshocked.30．（2324高三下·全国·课后作业）We'reoverwhelmedwithexcitementattheknowledgethatanoralEnglishclasswill(arrange)forus.书面表达（2024·重庆·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。AsIunzippedmylunchbox,thewholeplacewasturnedintoaspicycurry(咖喱)dream.Iimmediatelyhiditundermyseat,hopingnoonewouldtakenotice.Momhadreallyoutdoneherselfwithmasala—ourfamily’salltimefavoritedishbackinIndia.Buttoday,itwasn’tjustaboutmeandmylunch.Awarmsmileonhisface,Rickyinvitedme,anewtransferstudentfromIndiatoNewYorkcity,forlunch.“Ava,esithere!”Rickycalledout,gesturingtowardsavacantseat.AsImademywayover,memoriesofthoseawkwardlunchtimeswhenIstudiedinKansas,oneofthemostconservativestates,floodedback.IcouldstillrecallhoweveryonewouldwrinkletheirnosesandstarecuriouslywhenIunpackedmyIndianfood.Italwaysmademefeellikeanoutsider,likeIdidn’tbelong.Therefore,beforemyfirstdayinthisschool,Ihaddemandedmymompack“normal”westernstylefoodforme.Istillrememberedthelookonherfaceuponhearingit,asshesignedindisappointmentandconfusion,“Isn’tthereamomentwhenyoufeelproudofyourorigin?”Thatwashurting,butnotmorehurtingthanothers’gigglesandwhispers.Honestly,longqueuesweremoninIndianrestaurantsinNewYorkcity,aculturalmeltingpot,butIwouldn’ttakethatrisk.Unfortunately,thismorning,Momhadforgottentomakesandwichorany“normal”food,soIhadtobringleftoversfromourdinner.Atthethoughtofthepossibleohn