上海大学附属中学高二上学期10月诊断测试英语试题（含听力）

2022学年第一学期上大附中10月诊断测试高二年级英语试卷(满分100分，90分钟完成。)I.Listeningprehension(20分)SectionA(10分)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Heisangry.B.Heisexhausted.C.Heishungry.D.Heisdisappointed.2.A.Gooverhislessons.B.Attendtheparty.C.Eatoutwithfriends.D.Takethefinalexam.3.A.Sheismostlikelytobearrested.B.Shehasforgottentocallthepolice.C.Shemayhavelostherdrivinglicense.D.Sheislyingtothepoliceofficer.4.A.Billbrokehispromise.B.MumwillprobablyrewardBill.C.Billfailedinthetest.D.MumisworriedaboutBill’swork.5.A.Makearecoveryplan.B.Gobacktowork.C.Dropoutofschool.D.Quitherpresentjob.6.A.Shegavehimalifthomeagain.B.Sheofferedhimanextraroom.C.Shetreatedhimwellatherhome.D.Shesparedmuchtimeforhim.7.A.Shedoesn’thavetimetofindanewflat.B.Shehasnotpaidenoughrentinadvance.C.Sheisunlikelytogiveuptheniceflat.D.Shewantstodecoratetheflatduringtheholiday.8.A.Extremesports.B.Travelinsurance.C.Bungeejumping.D.Divingsafety.9.A.ShelikesPhillips’singingverymuch.B.Sheappreciatesotherkindsofmusicals.C.Sheenjoysthechangesofhismusicals.D.SheadmiresothersingersmorethanPhillips.10.A.Americanstudentsaretootalkativeinclass.B.ItishardtolearnalotinanAmericanschool.C.Onecanjoininschoolingindifferentways.D.Activeparticipationisgreatlyencouraged.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillhearseverallongerconversation(s)andshortpassage(s),andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversation(s)andthepassage(s).Theconversation(s)andthepassage(s)willbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Oneshouldwaitforthingstohappenbeforeleaving.B.Oneshouldremainsilentwhenthingsaregettinghard.C.Oneshouldtrytotakecontrolofthedifficultsituation.D.Oneshouldturntootherpeopleforinstanthelp.12.A.Bymotivatinghimselftotakeaction.B.Byseekinghelpfromhisfriends.C.Bythinkingofthemeaningoflife.D.Bytakinggoodcareofhimself.13.A.Lifeisnotalwayspeacefulanditisfullofterribleaccidents.B.Keepapositiveattitudeandfocusonsurvivalwhateverhappens.C.Advancedequipmentistheessentialfactorinsurvivingcrises.D.Bereadytogetimmediateassistancewhenlostinthejungle.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.In1969.B.In2012.C.In1976.D.In2016.15.A.SuggestedcreatingauniversityofscienceandtechnologyinEgypt.B.HelpedmanyEgyptianscientiststobeawardedtheNobelPrize.C.DevelopedcooperationwiththeUniversityofCaliforniaintheU.S.D.ProvidedexcellentEgyptianstudentswithmorefinancialsupport.16.A.ForhisrelationshipwithEgyptianPresident.B.Forhisacademicperformanceintechnology.C.ForhisgoodserviceintheEgyptianArmy.D.ForhisoutstandingcontributionstoEgypt.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Itoffersdifferentopinionsonoldage.B.Itisabouthowtokeephealthyinoldage.C.Itinvestigatesthecausesoftheagingproblem.DItrevealsthesecretsoflivinglonger.18.A.Theoldarethoughttobehealthybutlonely.B.Theoldarereportedtobepoorbuthappy.C.Theoldareregardedasanunattractivegroup.D.Theoldareconsidereddangeroustothesociety.19.A.Theyareeasytofalldownwithseriousillness.B.Theyenjoytravelingandgettingnewexperiences.C.Theyaredifficulttoberecognizedduetothechanges.D.Theyhavenomorementalproblemsthanthemiddleaged.20.A.Raisepeople’sawarenessofcaringfortheold.B.Helppeopletaketheirresponsibilitiesfortheold.C.Changepeople’sattitudetowardstheagedgroup.D.Easepeople’sfearandanxietyaboutgrowingold.II.GrammarandVocabulary(20分)SectionA(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AtwistoffateWhenTamaraRabimetAdrianaScottatalocalMcDonald’srestaurant,theirliveschangedforever.“Ididn’tknowwhattosay___1___‘hi’.Iwasjustsoshockeditwaslikeseeingmyself,”saysAdriana.TheywerebothstudentsatneighbouringuniversitiesinLongIsland,NewYork,andtheyhadgrownuponly30kilometresapart.Theysharedabirthday,theywereexactlythesameheightandbothlovedhiphop.Butthemostimportantthing___2___wassharedbetweenthemwasthesameMexicanmother.Bothgirlsgrewupknowingthattheirmother___3___(give)themupforadoptionwhentheywereborn,buttheyhadnoidea___4___theyhadatwinsister.Then,JustinLattore,afriendofAdriana’s,wenttoTamara’stwentiethbirthdayparty.WhenhewalkedinandsawTamara,hardly___5___hebelievehiseyes.“IwasjustshockedshelookedsomuchlikeAdriana,”saysJustin.Thenitgotcleartheyhadtobesisters.Infact,Tamarahadalreadynoticedthatstrangersonheruniversitycampusoftensmiledandsaidhello,clearly___6___(mistake)herforsomeoneelse.Followingthebirthday,JustinputthetwogirlsintouchandtheyarrangedtheMcDonald’smeetingbyemail.“___7___shecametowardsme,shewaswalkinglikeme,talkinglikeme,”saysTamara.“Wehavethesamemannerisms,thesameinterestsandgotthesamegradesatschool,”addsAdriana.Thegirlevendiscoveredthataschildrentheyhadoftenhadthesamenightmareofareallyloudnoise____8____(follow)byaveryquietone.Theyhadanothersadfactorinmon.____9____oftheiradoptivefathershaddiedafewyearsbeforetheymet.Nowthetwinsarefinishingtheirstudies,andtheymeetoften.“Ifeelshe’smysister,butourrelationshiprightnowismorelikefriends,”saysTamara.She’soptimisticandexcitedthattheirfutureswillbetogether.“Wewillalwayshaveeachother.Wedon’thaveanyotherbrothersandsisterswearesure____10____(grow)oldtogether!”【答案】1.except2.that3.hadgiven4.that5.did6.mistaking7.When8.followed9.Both10.togrow【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。JustinLattore参加TamaraRabi的生日派对时，发现她与朋友AdrianaScott长相相似，他认为两者是姐妹，便安排她们在麦当劳见面。原来她们是双胞胎姐妹，却从小分开；她们身上有很多共同点，以后她们会相互陪伴着走下去，慢慢变老。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：“除了‘嗨’，我不知道该说什么。根据后面Iwasjustsoshockeditwaslikeseeingmyself.Adriana很震惊，因为就像看到了她自己，可知此处应该是惊讶地只能说“hi”了。except“除…之外”，符合语境。故填except。【2题详解】考查定语从句关系词，句意：但他们之间最重要的联系是有同一个墨西哥母亲。分析句子结构知，__2__wassharedbetweenthem是定语从句，先行词是themostimportantthing，被最高级修饰，且从句中缺少主语，故应该是that。故填that。【3题详解】考查动词时态。句意：两个女孩在成长过程中都知道，她们一出生，母亲就把她们交给了别人收养。grewup这个动作发生在过去，母亲把她们交给（give）别人抚养发生在growup之前，也就是说give的动作发生在grewup之前，grewup是过去时，所以give发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。故填hadgiven。【4题详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：但她们不知道自己有一个双胞胎妹妹。分析句子结构知，空后是一个宾语从句，应用that连接。故填that。【5题详解】考查倒装句。句意：当他走进来看见Tamara时，简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。分析结构知，此处是倒装句，且为一般过去时。hardly在句首，主句要用倒装结构即谓语动词did要放在主语前。故填did。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她在大学校园里，陌生人经常微笑着给她打招呼，显然把她错当成了别人。分析句子结构知，此句在本句中作状语，且mistake与主语strangers为主动关系，故用现在分词。故填mistaking。【7题详解】考查时间状语连接词。句意：当她向我走来的时候，她走路姿态和我一样，说话方式也和我一样。根据句意可知，此为时间状语从句，came为不可延续动词，故填When。【8题详解】考查动词语态。句意：这个女孩甚至发现，当他们还是孩子的时候，经常会做同样的噩梦，先是听到非常大的噪音，然后是非常安静的噪音。分析句子结构可知，此处是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰前面的noise，故填followed。【9题详解】考查代词。句意：她们的养父们在她们相遇前几年都去世了。此处是指双胞胎姐妹二人，故填Both。【10题详解】考查不定式。句意：我们没有其他的兄弟姐妹——我们一定会一起变老的!besuretodosth.一定会做某事，故填togrow。【点睛】定语从句中只能使用that的情况：1.先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?我能给你做点什么吗？2.先行词为all，any，much，many词。Tomtoldhermotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。3.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰。ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.(这是我度过的最美好的时光。)如第2小题为这种情况，先行词thing被最高级修饰，故填that。4.当先行词是序数词修饰。Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。5.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast修饰。Thiswillbethelastchancethathecanget.这将会是他得到的唯一机会。6.先行词里同时含有人或物。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。7.当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who。Whichisthebookthatheboughtfromthelibraryyesterday?哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借来？SectionB(10分)Directions:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.JapanesefirmsencouragedaytimenapsImagineworkingforanemployerwho,awarethatyou’reprobablynotsleepingenoughatnight,allowsyoutodowntoolsandnapaspartofyourregularwork___11___andnotjustfortywinksatyourdesk,butarestorativesnoozeinaquietroom.ThesearesomeofthemeasuresbeingusedbyagrowingnumberofpaniesinJapantocounteranepidemicofsleeplessnessthatcostsitseconomya(n)___12___$138bnayear.Techstartupshavebeenquickestto___13___the“sleepdebt”amongirritableandunproductiveemployees.Lastyear,Nextbeat,anTTserviceprovider,wentasfarassettinguptwo“strategicsleepingrooms”oneformen,theotherforwomenatitsheadquartersinTokyo.Thearomainfusedrooms___14___devicesthatblockoutbackgroundnoise,allowingworkerstostretchoutonsofasfora(n)___15___nap.Mobilephones,tabletsandlaptopsarebanned.“Nappingcandoasmuchtoimprovesomeone’s___16___asabalanceddietandexercise,”EmikoSumikawa,amemberoftheNextbeatboard,toldKyodonewsagency.Nextbeatalsoasksemployeestoleaveworkby9pmandtoavoiddoingexcessiveovertime,whichhasbeen___17___forarisingrateofdeathfromoverwork.Japaneseworkershavemorereasonthanmosttosubmitto（服从）the___18___foradaytimesnooze,whetheratworkorduringlongmutes.Asurveyconductedusingfitnesstrackersin28countriesfoundthatJapanesemenandwomensleep,onaverage,just6hoursand35minutesanight45minuteslessthantheinternationalaveragemakingthemthemostsleepdeprivedofall.Estonians,Canadians,Belgians,Austrians,aswellastheDutchandFrench,allgetaparativelydecentnight’ssleep,accordingtothesurvey.Thegovernmenthasalsoetoappreciatethe___19___ofawellrestedworkforce,withthehealthministryremendingthatallworkingagepeopletakeanapofupto30minutesintheearlyafternoonadvice____20____embracedbysomeofthecountry’spoliticians.【答案】11.H12.D13.A14.F15.K16.B17.J18.I19.C20.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。在日本，越来越多的公司采取措施，鼓励白天小睡，以应对失眠问题。Nextbeat在东京总部设立了两间“战略卧室”，要求员工在晚上9点前下班，避免过度加班。调查表明，日本人民睡眠质量较国际水平差，政府也在采取措施。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：如果你的雇主意识到你晚上可能睡得不够，让你放下工作，打个盹作为日常工作的一部分。workduty，表示“工作职责”。根据句意知，此处指的是将打盹作为你工作职责的一部分，故选H。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：据估计，日本每年因失眠造成的经济损失高达1380亿美元。分析可知，前面有冠词，后有名词$138billion，故此处应为形容词。estimated“估计的”，根据句意可知，故选D。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：科技初创企业最快地解决了易怒、效率低下员工的“睡眠债”问题。address“设法解决”。分析句子结构知，此处为be+adj.+todo的结构，故应用动词。根据下文可知，Nextbeat已经采取措施解决睡眠的问题，故此处填address。故选A。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：充满芳香的房间配备了隔绝背景噪音的设备，。feature“以…为特色，配备”。根据句意可知，房间配备了放噪音的设备，故填feature。故选F。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：让工人们可以躺在沙发上不受打扰地小睡一会儿。分析可知，此处应该形容词修饰nap，配置防噪音设备，是为了能让工人们不受打扰地好好休息，故填undisturbed。故选K。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：在提高效率方面，午睡和均衡饮食、锻炼身体一样重要。根据上文缺少睡眠导致unproductive“效果不佳的”，可知此处说的是提高他们的工作效率，故填efficiency。故选B。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：Nextbeat还要求员工在晚上9点前下班，并避免过度加班，加班导致的死亡率不断上升。beblamedfor，归咎于。根据句意可知，此处说的是死亡率上升主要归咎于过度加班。故填blamed。故选J。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：日本员工比大多数人更有理由在白天打盹，无论是在工作还是在漫长的通勤途中。urge“冲动”，此处是指员工们屈服于打盹的冲动，即更有理由去打盹，故填urge。故选I。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：政府也开始意识到良好休息的劳动力的好处。下文中卫生部建议员工们在下午时休息，可知政府认识到了有良好休息的劳动力的好处。appreciatethebenefitsof，认识到…的好处，故填benefits。故选C。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：这一建议得到了该国一些政界人士的欣然接受。readily“欣然地”。分析句子结构知，此处应该使用副词修饰过去分词embraced，；根据句意可知，有一些人“欣然地”接受了这个建议，故填readily。故选E。III.Readingprehension(45分)SectionA(15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Yourbosstellsyouthatyoudidabadjob.Yourcoworkercriticizesyouinfrontofyourwholeteam.Ouch!It'snoteasytotakecriticism,nomatterwhoitesfrom.But,itiseasyto___21___theblowwhenyouoffercriticismtosomeoneinEnglish.Merelybyalteringyourwordingandyourattitude,youcanhelpsomeonegrowinsteadofmakingthemfeel___22___.Phraseslike"You’rewrong!”and“Yourpresentationwasterrible!"havenoplaceineffective___23___.Infact,it'sbesttoleavetheword"you"out,ifatallpossible.___24___attacksmakepeoplefeeldefective,andthentheywon'treallylistentoanythingyouhavetosay.Beforestartingwiththecriticism,warmthepersonupwith___25___.Ifyouarediscussingtheirwork,findseveralthingsyoutrulylikeaboutwhattheyhavedone.Forexample,"Ienjoyedyourpresentationtoday.Youpresentedalotofgoodandhelpfulinformationinit,andIcantellyouputalotofeffortintoit.Iappreciateyourhardwork."Thiswilllowertheir___26___andmakethemfeelappreciated.However,ashort___27___plimentfollowedby"but"suchas“Itwasahelpfultalk,butyoureallyneedtoimproveyourpresentationskills"won'tdomuchtohelptheprocess.Afteryou’vesharedyourpliments,allowthemtimetobe___28___.Asamatteroffact,___29___followingyourplimentwitha“,but”willdestroyallyou'vetriedtoacplishbymakingyour___30___seemfalseandinsincere.Rememberthatthegoalofconstructivecriticismisn’ttomakethepersonfeelterrible:it'stohelpthemgrow.Insteadofdirectly___31___thepersontrytogetthemessagethroughtothemintheformoflightheartedadvice.Phraseslike."Nexttimeyoumightwantto…”or“Ifindithelpfulto"can___32___theblamewhilestillleavinganimpact:"Nexttimeyoumightwanttogivealittlemoreattentiontotheaudience.IfindithelpfultolookpeopleintheeyeswhileIamspeaking"Peoplecan'tchangeovernight,especiallyiftheydon’tgetdetailed___33___.Asyoumighthaveknown,___34___saying“youneedtoworkonyourpresentationskills“won’thelpasoul!Bedetailedinyouradvice!Showmoderationwhenyoucriticizeanyoneandkeepinyourmindthatovercriticismcaneasily___35___people.Remember,youwantthemtokeeptryingandimproving.Don'tleavethemfeelingdefeated'21.A.suffer B.accept C.soft D.ignore22.A.defeated B.encouraged C.motivated D.disturbed23.A.discussion B.argument C.explanation D.criticism24.A.Immediate B.Personal C.Accurate D.Continuous25.A.interactions B.impressions C.personalities D.pliments26.A.defense B.spirit C.moral D.position27.A.decisive B.serious C.vague D.concrete28.A.corrected B.challenged C.debated D.absorbed29.A.carefully B.reluctantly C.immediately D.occasionally30.A.praise B.attitude C.assistance D.achievement31.A.helping B.accusing C.praising D.dismissing32.A.makeup B.focuson C.leadto D.takeaway33.A.mand B.ment C.instruction D.information34.A.sincerely B.simply C.politely D.unwillingly35.A.overload B.promote C.inspire D.simulate【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.D26.A27.C28.D29.C30.A31.B32.D33.C34.B35.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，批评的目的不是让人有挫败感，而是帮助别人成长，本文就介绍了如何以正确的方式批评别人。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当你用英语批评某人时，很容易减轻这种打击。A.suffer遭受；B.accept接受；C.soft软化、减轻；D.ignore忽视。空前说不管批评来自谁，都不容易接受，转折连词But表明当你用英语批评某人时，很容易减轻这种打击，故C项正确。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅仅改变你的措辞和态度，你就能帮助别人成长，而不是让他们感到挫败。A.defeated击败；B.encouraged鼓励；C.motivated刺激；D.disturbed打扰。根据常识可知，受到批评时会有一种挫败感，故A项正确。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：像“你错了！”和“你的演讲很糟糕！”这样的批评并没有效。A.discussion讨论；B.argument争论；C.explanation解释；D.criticism批评。空前的“你错了！”和“你的演讲很糟糕！”都是批评的话，故D项正确。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人身攻击会让人觉得有缺陷，然后他们就不会真正听你说什么。A.Immediate立即的；B.Personal个人的；C.Accurate精确的；D.Continuous连续的。在批评中使用“你”会让人感觉是人身攻击，故B项正确。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在开始批评之前，先称赞对方。A.interactions互动；B.impressions印象；C.personalities个性；D.pliments称赞、恭维。空后说如果你在讨论他们的工作，找出一些你真正喜欢他们所做的事情，例如，“我喜欢你今天的报告，你在里面提供了很多有用的信息，你为此付出了很多努力，我感谢你的辛勤工作，”因此此处是说始批评之前，要先称赞一下对方，故D项正确。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这会降低他们的防御（心理），让他们感到感激。A.defense防御；B.spirit精神；C.moral道德；D.position位置。根据空后的“makethemfeelappreciated.”可知，批评前先称赞对方会降低他们的防御（心理），让他们感到感激，故A项正确。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在“但是”后面加上一句简短含糊的称赞，比如“这是一个很有帮助的演讲，但是你真的需要提高你的演讲技巧”对这个过程没有多大帮助。A.decisive决定性的；B.serious严重的；C.vague模糊的、含糊的；D.concrete具体的。根据空后的举例可知，在“但是”后面加上一句简短含糊的称赞并没有多大帮助，故C项正确。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你在分享了你的赞美之后，给他们时间去吸收。A.corrected改正；B.challenged挑战；C.debated辩论；D.absorbed吸收。空后说在你称赞对方之后，紧接着用“但是”会使你的赞美显得虚假和不真诚，因此在赞美之后，要给他们时间去吸收一下，故D项正确。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在你称赞对方之后，马上就用“但是”会使你的赞美显得虚假和不真诚，从而破坏你所做的一切努力。A.carefully认真地；B.reluctantly不情愿地；C.immediately立即、马上；D.occasionally偶尔。根据空后的“followingyourplimentwitha“,but”willdestroyallyou'vetriedloacplishbymakingyour___10___seemfalseandinsincere.”可知，在你称赞对方之后，马上就用“但是”会使你的赞美显得虚假和不真诚，故C项正确。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.praise赞扬、称赞；B.attitude态度；C.assistance援助；D.achievement成就。上文说在开始批评之前要先称赞对方，此处是说在你称赞对方之后，马上就用“但是”会使你的称赞显得虚假和不真诚，故A项正确。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与其直接指责对方，不如试着以轻松的建议的形式把信息传达给他们。A.helping帮助；B.accusing谴责、指责；C.praising表扬；D.dismissing开除。空前说建设性批评的目的不是让人感觉糟糕，而是帮助他们成长，因此与其直接指责对方，不如试着以轻松的建议的形式把信息传达给他们，故B项正确。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：像这样的短语“下次你可能想……”或者“我觉得这很有帮助”可以在消除责难的同时仍然留下影响。A.makeup组成；B.focuson集中于；C.leadto导致；D.takeaway带走。“下次你可能想……”或者“我觉得这很有帮助”这样的短语语气更缓和一些，听起来不像是指责对方，也就是可以在消除责难，故D项正确。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们不可能一夜之间改变，特别是在他们在没有得到细的指导的情况下。A.mand命令；B.ment评论；C.instruction指示、指导；D.information信息。根据常识可知，人们在没有得到详细的指导的情况下很难改变，故C项正确。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如你所知，仅仅说“你需要提高你的演讲技巧”并不能真正帮到一个人！A.sincerely由衷地；B.simply仅仅、简单地；C.politely礼貌地；D.unwillingly不情愿地。上文说人们在没有得到详细的指导的情况下很难改变，所以只是说“你需要提高你的演讲技巧”并不能真正帮到一个人，故B项正确。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你批评别人的时候要适度，要记住过度的批评很容易让人超负荷（不堪重负）。A.overload使负担过重、超负荷；B.promote提升；C.inspire鼓舞；D.simulate冒充。根据空前的“Showmoderationwhenyoucriticizeanyone”可知，批评别人的时候要适度，过度的批评很容易让人超负荷，故A项正确。【点睛】本篇第14空C项politely的干扰性较强，对上文的理解是关键，有些同学会认为“应该礼貌地进行批评”而误选此项，但根据空前的“Peoplecan'tchangeovernight,especiallyiftheydon’tgetdetailed___13___.”可知，人们不可能一夜之间改变，特别是在他们在没有得到详细的指导的情况下，所以此处是说只是说“你需要提高你的演讲技巧”并不能真正帮到一个人，故B项simply正确。SectionB(22分)Directions:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)ALessonGoesViralAttheendof2014,Tulsa,Oklahoma,sixthgradeteacherMelissaBourreceivedafriendrequestonFacebookfromoneofherstudents.Shedidn’taccepttherequest,butaquickbrowsethroughthegirl’sfriendslistrevealedthenamesofdozensofkidsfromherclassroom.Manyofthestudents’Facebookpageswerepletelypublic,meaningevenstrangerscouldsearchthroughthekids’personalphotosandmessages.“Isawmiddlefingers,studentsdressedinappropriately,andextremelyoffensivelanguage,”Melissasays.“Itwasdisturbing.”Whenshebroughtupherdiscoveryinclass,thestudentsthoughtiswasnothing.Soshecreatedapostofherown.WithabrightgreenSharpie,shewroteonapieceofpaperinallcaps,“DearFacebook:My12yearoldstudentsthinkitis‘nobigdeal’thattheyarepostingpicturesofthemselves...Pleasehelpme...[showthem]howquicklytheirimagescangetaround.”SheputapictureoftheletteronherFacebookpageandaskedpeopletoshareit.Inhours,itwasshared108,000timesacrossdozensofstatesandfourcountries.Shedeleteditaftereighthours,butitcontinuedtospread.“Iwantedtoshowthemthatit’sontheInternetforever,”shesays.Assheexplainedtheresultsofherexperimentinclass,thestudents’“eyesgotbiggerandbigger,”shesays.“Itscaredafewofthemintodeletingtheirpagespletely,”shesays.Othershaveremovedinappropriatepostsandusedprivacysettingstomanagetheirpages.Herintentionwasn’ttoscarethemoffsocialmediabuttopushthemtobemindfulofwhattheypost.Melissasays,“Itellthem,‘justbecauseeveryoneelseissharingdoesn’tmeanyouhaveto.’”36.WhatdidMelissaBourfindaboutherstudents’Fackbookpages?A.Theywerenotaccessibletostrangers.B.Theycontainedimpropermessages.C.Theyappealedalottothepublic.D.Theyrevealednothingaboutthestudents.37.WhydidMelissaputapictureoftheletteronherFackbookpage?A.Toprovethepotentialthreatcausedbysharingsomethingonline.B.TohelpstudentslearnhowtopostsomethingonFacebook.C.ToturntothepublicfortipsonproperuseofFackbook.D.Toscareherstudentsoffallsocialmedia.38.AfterMelissatoldherstudentsabouttheresultsofherexperiment,they_______.A.ignoredherwarningspletelyB.begantosharesomethingmeaningfulC.tooknonoticeofwhatotherspostedD.realizedthedangerofsocialmedia39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howateacherbecamepopularwithheruniquepost.B.Howthestudentskeptthemselvesawayfromsocialmedia.C.Howateacherraisedstudents’awarenessofInternetsecurity.D.Howthestudentsfoughtagainsttheiraddictiontoonlinegames.【答案】36.B37.A38.D39.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。MelissaBour发现自己的学生在Facebook上传不得体的照片与话语，自己做实验以向提高学生们的网络安全意识。学生们意识到社交媒体的危险，开始管理自己的主页。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段内容Isawmiddlefingers,studentsdressedinappropriately,andextremelyoffensivelanguage,可知她看到学生们竖中指，穿着不得体，语言极其无礼。故她看到他们的主页上有很不恰当的信息，故选B。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Iwantedtoshowthemthatit’sontheInternetforever，可知她想让他们知道，那些信息会永远在互联网上传播，让他们知道分享信息的潜在威胁。故选A。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Itscaredafewofthemintodeletingtheirpagespletely,”shesays.Othershaveremovedinappropriatepostsandusedprivacysettingstomanagetheirpages.她说:“这吓到了一些人，他们不得不完全删除自己的页面。”还有一些人删除了不合适的帖子，并使用隐私设置来管理自己的页面。可知，学生们已经意识到社交媒体的危险。故选D。【39题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要讲了MelissaBour自己做实验来证明在社交媒体上分享信息的危险，以此来提高学生们的网络安全意识。故选C。(B)Youmayreadthequestionsfirst.IndianHeroesandGreatChieftainsThebookmainlypresentsuswiththeAmericanIndianleadersofthepast.ItfeaturesmanyprofilesandbiographiesincludingSittingBull,RedCloud,LittleCrowandLozenQuanahetc.writtenbyauthorCharlesEastman,andI’msureyouwillbeinterestedinit.Name:SittingBullBirth:1831Death:12151890HewasagreatheroandisrespectedbymanyAmericanIndians.Ina1997documentary(纪录片)—TheGreatTribes,hewasknownasaholyman,aposerofsongsandanartist.Underhim,theSiouxandCheyenneNationsunified.HewasadvisedtogoonaEuropeantourin1887,butheturneditdowntodefendthesetwonationsfrombeingseparatedagain.HeledhispeopleduringyearsofresistancetoUnitedStatesgovernmentpoliciesandwaskilledbyIndianagencypoliceontheStandingRockIndianReservation.Name:CrazyHorseBirth:1842Death:951877CrazyHorsewasalegendarywarrior(勇士)andagentleleaderaswellasabravemanwhostoodforthehighestidealoftheSioux,celebratedforhisbattleskillsaswellashiseffortstopreserveNativeAmericantraditionsandwayoflife.ResistingeffortstoforcetheSiouxontoreservations,hefoughtalongsideSittingBullandothersintheAmericanIndianWars.CharlesEastmandescribedhiminhisbookIndianHeroesas“amanofdeedsandnotofwords”.Name:RedCloudBirth:1822Death:12101909HewasagainstthemovementofthewhitesettlersintotheBlackHills.In1868,herefusedtosignatreaty(条约),whichstatedthattheBlackHillsdidn’tbelongtopeople.Thetreatyalsostatedthattheseareascouldn’tbeenteredwithoutthegovernment’spermission.AccordingtoEastman’sbookIndianHeroes,hewassaidtohavefoughtagainstthetreaty,forcingthegovernmenttogiveinandpulloutofthearea.Name:LozenQuanahBirth:late1840sDeath:1890KnownastheyoungestsisterofRedCloud,shedevotedherselftothepeople.ShewasdescribedinPeterAleshire’sWarriorWomanasaheroinegoodatridinghorsesandusingabowandarrowtodriveattackersaway.Thisskillwasconsideredtobe“oneofthemosthonoredskillsamongtheIndians”.40.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutCrazyHorse?A.Hewasfriendlytohissoldier. B.Heshowedgreatcourage.C.Hewasagreattalker. D.Hewasrespected.41.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat__________.A.SittingBulldislikedtravelingB.IndianHeroeswasabookonIndianhistoryC.inthe1880sIndiansoldiersweremainlyarmedwithbowsandarrowsD.inthe1850sIndianwomenwerenotallowedtoridehorses42.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto__________.A.showIndians’livestoreadersB.describegreatIndianheroesandheroinesC.showthehistoryoftheIndiansD.mentonahistorybook【答案】40.C41.C42.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个印第安英雄的事迹。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第二栏中的“CharlesEastmandescribedhiminhisbookIndianHeroesas“amanofdeedsandnotofwords”可知，查尔斯·伊士曼在他的《印第安英雄》一书中将CrazyHorse描述为一个实干家，而不是一个空谈家，因此说他是空谈家的说法是错误的，故C项正确。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一栏中的“Birth:late1840s”，“Death:1890”及“ShewasdescribedinPeterAleshire’sWarriorWomanasaheroinegoodatridinghorsesandusingabowandarrowtodriveattackersaway.Thisskillwasconsideredtobe“oneofthemosthonoredskillsamongtheIndians”.”可知，LozenQuanah出生在19世纪40年代，死于1890年，在彼得·阿莱希尔的《女勇士》中，她被描述为一位善于骑马、用弓箭驱赶袭击者的女英雄，这项技能被认为是“印第安人中最受尊敬的技能之一”，由此可知，19世纪80年代，印第安士兵的主要装备是弓箭，故C项正确。【42题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据标题“IndianHeroesandGreatChieftains”可知，本文的目的是向我们介绍几个印第安英雄的事迹，故B项正确。(C)Aseverymobilephoneownerknows,afterayearorsothebatterystartstofadeandthebeastneedsrechargingmorefrequently.Thatisanuisance,butaphone’sbatteriescanbereplacedfairlycheaplyorthewholehandsettradedinforthelatestmodel.Anelectriccar,however,isamuchbiggerinvestment.Batteriesareitspriciestponent,representingaround30%ofanaverageofmidsizevehicle.Adeterioratingbatteryposesapotentialsafetyhazard,anddestroysitssecondhandvalueaswell.Toprovidebuyerswithsomepeaceofmind,carmakersguaranteetheirbatteries,typicallyforeightyearsoraround200,000km.Producersarenow,though,planningtogomuchfurtherthanthat,withthelaunchof“millionmile”batteries.“It’sagreatcatchphrase;themillionmilebattery,”saysGeorgeCrabtree,directoroftheJointCentreforEnergyStorageResearch.“Butthefactthatyoucandrive