广东省珠海市高二下学期期末学业质量检测英语试题

珠海市20192020学年度第二学期期末普通高中学生学业质量监测高二英语卷面满分130分，考试时间120分钟注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再填写新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AAlthoughMacaoissmall,ithasallitsvitalorgans.Whenyouetothisuniquetown,thereareexperiencesyoucan'tmiss.MacaoTowerTheMacaoTower,338meterstall,istheworld’s10thhighesttower,withavarietyofactivities,suchaseatingandentertainment.Oneoftheactivitiesisthebungeejump.TheAJHackettMacaoTowerBungeeJumpis233metershigh,makingitaGuinnessWorldRecordasthehighestmercialbungeejumpintheworld.Raiseyourarmsandoffyougo!MacauMaritimeMuseumOccupyinganareaof800squaremeters,theMacauMaritimeMuseumwasbuiltonthesitewherethefirstgroupofPortugueseexplorerslandedonMacauin1553.Enlargedin1990,themuseumfollowsthetypicalmuseumlayoutsofaEuropeanstyle.TheexhibitsexploremajorthemesinthehistoryofthemaritimeindustryinMacauandshowtraditions,fishingtechniquesandnavigationequipmentofthefishermeninMacau.RuinsofSt.PaulTheRuinsofSt.PaulisthesignaturelandmarkofMacao.TheruinsconsistoftheSt.Paul'sCollegeandtheChurchofSt.Paul,builtin1583.However,afterthreeintensefiresin1595,1601and1835,thechurchwasseriouslydamaged.Surprisingly,afterthevigorouscyclesofrebuildingandfires,thehugefacade（正面）andthefrontstairwayremainunburned.MacaoGrandPrixTheMacaoGrandPrixisamajorworldwidecarracingeventheldannually,attractingover300topdriverseveryyear.Racingthroughthesmallstreetsandroadsoverthistinycity,theMacaoGrandPrixcircuitistheonlystreetcircuitracingintheworldforcarandmotorcycleevents.Thus,itisalsowellknownasoneoftheworld'smostdemandingcircuits.1.Asabungeeenthusiast,Brianwillmostlikelyvisit.A.theMacaoGrandPrix B.theMacauMaritimeMuseumC.theRuinsofSt.Paul D.theMacaoTower2.WhatwillyoudointheMacauMaritimeMuseum?A.Enjoyamazingeggtarts. B.LearnabouttheseahistoryofMacau.C.Takeaboattothesea. D.Listentotoursledbylocalfishermen.3.WhatisspecialaboutMacaoGrandPrix?A.Itisheldannually. B.Itattractsmanydrivers.C.Itfeaturesstreetracing. D.Itoffersrelicsviews.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了去澳门不容错过的四个体验。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“MacaoTower”部分最后三句“Oneoftheactivitiesisthebungeejump.TheAJHackettMacaoTowerBungeeJumpis233metershigh,makingitaGuinnessWorldRecordasthehighestmercialbungeejumpintheworld.Raiseyourarmsandoffyougo!(其中一个活动是蹦极。AJHackett的澳门塔蹦极233米高，使它成为吉尼斯世界纪录上全世界最高的商业蹦极。张开双臂去吧)”可知，作为一个蹦极爱好者，Brian最有可能参观澳门塔。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段MacauMaritimeMuseum部分最后一句“TheexhibitsexploremajorthemesinthehistoryofthemaritimeindustryinMacauandshowtraditions,fishingtechniquesandnavigationequipmentofthefishermeninMacau.(展览探索澳门航海工业的的历史的重大主题，展示澳门的传统，捕鱼技巧和渔民的航海设备)”可知，在澳门海事博物馆可以了解澳门的海洋历史。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“MacaoGrandPrix”部分第二句“Racingthroughthesmallstreetsandroadsoverthistinycity,theMacaoGrandPrixcircuitistheonlystreetcircuitracingintheworldforcarandmotorcycleevents.(穿过这个小城市的小街道和马路赛车，澳门东望洋跑道环形赛是世界上唯一的汽车和摩托车赛事的街道环形比赛)”可知，澳门东望洋跑道的特别之处在于以街道赛车为特点。故选C项。【点睛】BItisreportedthatusingasmartphoneatmealtimescanleadtoanexpandingwaistline.Researchershavefoundthatmenandwomenconsumed15percentmorecalorieswhenlookingattheirphoneswhileeating.Theyalsoatemorefattyfood.Thegroundbreakingstudysuggeststhatstaringataphonescreenmaydistractdinersfromhowmuchfoodtheyareactuallyeating."Itmaypreventthecorrectunderstandingofthebrainovertheamountoffoodthatiseaten,"saidresearcherswhofilmed62volunteerseatingalone.Themenandwomen,agedfrom18to28,wereinvitedtohelpthemselvestoachoiceoffood一rangingfromhealthyoptionstosoftdrinksandchocolatesuntiltheywerefinallysatisfied.Inthreetrials,thevolunteerswererecordedeatingwithnodistractions,usingasmartphoneorreadingamagazine.Accordingtothestudy,onaverage,thevolunteersate535calorieswithoutthedistractionofasmartphonebut591calorieswhenusingamobilephoneinstead.Thoseinthesamplewhowereclassifiedasoverweightate616calorieswhileusingtheirphones.Whentheywereinpossessionoftheirmobilephones,thevolunteersconsumed10percentmorefattyfoods.Whenreadingamagazine,theyalsoatemoreparedwithnodistractionsduringameal,buttheyconsumelesscaloriesparedwiththeuseofsmartphoneswhenhavingameal."Theuseofasmartphoneduringamealincreasedcalorieandfatintake,"saidMarcioGilbertoZangeronimoa,aleadauthorofthestudycarriedoutattheFederalUniversityofLavrasinBrazilandUniversityMedicalCenterUtrechtintheNetherlands.Headded"Atpresent,tabletsandsmartphoneshavebeethemain'distractors'duringmeals,evenearlyinchildhood,anddistractorspreventthebraincorrectlyunderstandingtheamountoffoodingested,soitisimportanttopayattentiontohowthismayimpactfoodchoices."4.Whichphrasecanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"distract"inthefirstparagraph?A.Draw...to... B.Give...out.C.Bringabout... D.Break...up.5.Accordingtothestudy,aladymayconsumetheleastcaloriesduringamealwhen.A.eatingwithnodistractions B.eatingwithamagazineC.eatingwithaphone D.eatingwithatablet6.WhatisMarcioGilbertoZangeronimoa'sattitudetotheuseofphonesduringameal?A.Favorable. B.Negative. C.Indifferent. D.Surprised.7.Thispassagemostlikelyesfrom.A.adiary B.amagazine C.anovel D.atouristguide【答案】4.A5.A6.B7.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究结果，吃饭时玩会使人分心，从而摄入更多的热量。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段第二、三句提到“研究者发现，吃饭时看男性和女性多摄入15%的热量。他们也食用更多脂肪类食物”，并结合第二段中“Itmaypreventthecorrectunderstandingofthebrainovertheamountoffoodthatiseaten(它可能阻止大脑正确理解摄入食物的数量)”可推知，画线词所在句“Thegroundbreakingstudysuggeststhatstaringataphonescreenmaydistractdinersfromhowmuchfoodtheyareactuallyeating.”意为“这个突破性的研究表明，盯着屏幕可能使用餐者从实际上吃了多少食物上分心”，所以划线词“distract”意为“（使）分心，转移”，故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Accordingtothestudy,onaverage,thevolunteersate535calorieswithoutthedistractionofasmartphonebut591calorieswhenusingamobilephoneinstead.(根据研究，没有干扰，志愿者平均吃535卡路里，但是相反，使用时摄入591卡路里)”可知，吃饭时没有干扰的事情摄入的热量最少。故选A项。6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段MarcioGilbertoZangeronimoa说的话“目前，平板电脑和已经变成吃饭时主要的干扰物，甚至是在童年早期，干扰物阻止大脑正确理解摄取的食物数量，所以注意这如何影响食物选择很重要”可知，MarcioGilbertoZangeronimoa对吃饭时使用持消极态度。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，并结合文章第一句“Itisreportedthatusingasmartphoneatmealtimescanleadtoanexpandingwaistline.(据报道，吃饭时使用可以导致腰围变粗)”可知，本文主要讲述了一项研究结果，吃饭时玩会使人分心，从而摄入更多的热量，所以本文可能出自杂志。故选B项。CFelicien,a29yearoldAfricangraduatestudent,smiledashehelpedawomanuseaticketonherphonetoentertheSummerPalaceinBeijing.Asavolunteerinthepalacegarden,FelicienisjustoneofmanyAfricanstudentsstudyinginChina.TheChinaAfricaCooperationMeetingwasheldinBeijingfromSept3to4.Onthemeeting,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingpromisedtoofferworkingtrainingcourses,50,000scholarshipsforAfricanyouthsandinvite2,000youngAfricanpeopletovisitChina."ThefutureofChinaAfricarelationsliesinouryoungpeople,"Xisaid.HealsosaidthatChinawillprovide$60billioninsupport,includingfreeaidandspecialfunds,forAfrica'sdevelopment.ThefriendshipbetweenChinaandAfricadatesback600yearstothetravelsofChineseexplorerZhengHe,whoseshipsreachedEastAfricafourtimes.ZhengbroughtgiftstohisAfricanhostsandtookbacknothingbutafewgiraffes.Today,ChinaseesAfricaasanequalpartnerindevelopmentandininternationalandregionalaffairs.ChinahasbeenAfrica'slargesttradingpartnerfor9years.ChineseinvestmentsinAfricahaveincreasedmorethan100timesinthepast18years.ChinaandAfricahavestrengthenedcooperationsince2013,withthetremendoushelpoftheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)."Chinafollowstheprincipleofgivingmoreandtakingless,givingbeforetakingandgivingwithoutaskingforreturn.Withopenarms,weweleAfricancountriesaboardthetrainofChina'sdevelopment,Xisaid.Xi'swordsreceivedmuchpraisefromAfricanleaders.Indeed,"WithgoodwillandcooperationwithBeijing,Africacanbringherwisdomonboard,mixittotheChineseDreamandjointlybuildamunityofsharedfutureforallmankind,"mentedanexpert.8.WhydoestheauthormentionFelicieninParagraph1?A.TodescribeFelicien'sparttimejob.B.TodemonstrateChinaAfricarelations.C.Toshowforeignerscanbevolunteers.D.ToshowitisconvenienttouseEtickets.9.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?A.5,000AfricanyoungpeoplewillbeinvitedtovisitChina.B.ZhengHestrengthenedthetiesbetweenAsiaandAfrica.C.TheBRIhasgreatlypromotedChinaAfricacooperation.D.ChinawillprovideAfricawith$60billionspecialfunds.10.WhatcanwelearnfromXi'swordsinParagraph4?A.ChinahelpsAfricadevelophighspeedtrains.B.ChinawelesAfricancountriestoinvestinChina.C.China'sdevelopmentbringsopportunitiestoAfrica.D.ChinagainsnothingfromChinaAfricacooperation.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.China'sAidstoAfricanCountries B.AfricanStudentsinChinaC.ChinaSeesAfricaasEqualpetitor D.China'sBondwithAfrica【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中非之间深厚的友谊基础，为未来续写合作新篇章。【8题详解】推理判断题。第一段提到“Felicien是一名29岁的非洲毕业生，面带微笑，在北京帮助一位女性用上的电子票进入圆明园。作为圆明园的志愿者，Felicien只是非洲众多来华学习的其中一个留学生”，接着第二段提到“ThefutureofChinaAfricarelationsliesinouryoungpeople(年轻人是中非关系的希望所在)”，所以文章在第一段提到Felicien的例子是为了证明中非关系。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“ChinaandAfricahavestrengthenedcooperationsince2013,withthetremendoushelpoftheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI).(自2013年以来，在“一带一路”倡议的帮助下，中非加强了合作关系)”可知，“一带一路”极大地推动了中非合作。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段Chinafollowstheprincipleofgivingmoreandtakingless,givingbeforetakingandgivingwithoutaskingforreturn.Withopenarms,weweleAfricancountriesaboardthetrainofChina'sdevelopment,Xisaid.Xi'swordsreceivedmuchpraisefromAfricanleaders“中国主张多予少取、先予后取、只予不取，张开怀抱欢迎非洲搭乘中国发展快车”。由此判断出中国的发展给非洲带来机会。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读文章，并结合文章最后一段中“WithgoodwillandcooperationwithBeijing,Africacanbringherwisdomonboard,mixittotheChineseDreamandjointlybuildamunityofsharedfutureforallmankind(带着与北京友好合作的意愿，非洲能展现其智慧，并且融入到中国梦中，共同构建人类命运共同体)”可知，本文主要讲述了中非之间的友好关系。所以短文的最佳标题为“中国与非洲的关系”。故选D项。DKristenSorensenwas55whenshebecameparalyzedfromtheneckdown.DiagnosedinOctober2018withararedisorderthataffectsthebody'snervoussystem,sheneverexpectedtowalkagain.Butearlierthatyear,theBrooksTreatmentCenterinFloridabecamethefirstcentertouseauniquetechnologydevelopedinJapantheHybridAssistiveLimb(HAL).HAL,essentiallyawearablemachine,helpsthosewithspinalcord(脊髓的)injuriesandmusculardiseasesregaintheirmovementsandstrengthentheirnervesandmuscles.Knownasexoskeletons,they'reatypeoflightweightsuit,withjointspoweredbysmallelectricmotors,thatserveasmechanicalmuscle.Patientsusetheirbrainwavestocontrolthem.WhenSorensenheardaboutthebrainwavecontrolledexoskeleton,sheknewshehadtoplaceanorderandgiveitatry.AtrainednursehelpedherfitHALoverherwaistandtrousers,connectinghertosensorsthathelppickupfaintbioelectricsignalsonthesurfaceoftheskin,whichmunicateapatient'sintentiontomove.OnceHALreceivesthesesignals,ithelpssupporttheperson'smovements.AftersometrainingandeffortsSorensenwasabletowalkatherdaughter'sweddingafewmonthslaterinDecember.It'sathoughtthatSorensenshares."WhenIusedHAL,therewerepeoplewhocamefromalloverthecountrytousetheequipment,"shesays."Iwouldlikethiskindoftechnologytobemorereadilyavailableandmoreaccessibleespeciallytothosewholearnslowly."Butit'snotjustthosewithdisabilitiesorinjurieswhostandtobenefit.By2050,therewillbemorethan2billionpeopleoverage60,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),andexoskeletonscouldofferasolutiontotheworld'sagingpopulation.Inthefuture,ashumanbodiesweardownwithage,anexoskeletonpoweredbyactivemindscouldhelppeoplestayontheirfeet.Withsuchhugepotentialapplicationsavailable,theglobalmedicalexoskeletonmarketwillbeworthanestimated$2.8billionby2023,accordingtoaresearchpany.12.WhatdoweknowaboutKristen?A.Shehadmuchdifficultiesinwalking.B.Shewasparalyzedduetoanaccident.C.Shevolunteeredinascienceexperiment.D.Shenevergaveupthehopetowalkagain.13.HALcanbeusedas.A.brainwave B.electricalnerve C.mechanicalmuscle D.spinalcord14.What'stherightorderofhowHALworks?①PersonsputonHAL②Personsareconnectedtothesensors.③HALhelpssupporttheperson'smotion.④Personssendoutintentiontomove.⑤SensorspickupsignalsandpassthemtoHAL.A.②①④⑤③ B.①②③④⑤ C.②①③④⑤ D.①②④⑤③15.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat.A.HALcannowbeusedwithnodifficultyB.HALmayhavealargepotentialmarketC.HALhasbeenwidelyusedintheworldD.HALcanonlyhelppeoplewithdisabilities【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可穿戴的电子衣利用脑电波来增强的肌肉，帮助人们保持站立。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“DiagnosedinOctober2018withararedisorderthataffectsthebody'snervoussystem,sheneverexpectedtowalkagain.(2018年10月被诊断出一种影响身体神经系统的罕见疾病，她从没有期望能再次站起来走路)”可知，Kristen在走路方面很困难。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Knownasexoskeletons,they'reatypeoflightweightsuit,withjointspoweredbysmallelectricmotors,thatserveasmechanicalmuscle.(它们被称为外骨骼，是一种轻型的套装，关节由小型电动马达驱动，充当机械肌肉)”可知，HAL可以被当作机械肌肉。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“AtrainednursehelpedherfitHALoverherwaistandtrousers,connectinghertosensorsthathelppickupfaintbioelectricsignalsonthesurfaceoftheskin,whichmunicateapatient'sintentiontomove.OnceHALreceivesthesesignals,ithelpssupporttheperson'smovements.”可知，一名训练有素的护士帮她把HAL戴在腰和裤子上，这使她与传感器连接起来，传感器帮助捕捉皮肤表面微弱的生物电信号，传达病人的移动意图。一旦HAL接收到这些信号，它就会辅助支持这个人移动，所以正确排序是①②④⑤③。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Withsuchhugepotentialapplicationsavailable,theglobalmedicalexoskeletonmarketwillbeworthanestimated$2.8billionby2023,accordingtoaresearchpany.(按照一家研究公司的说法，随着这些巨大的潜在应用的出现，到2023年，全球医疗外骨骼市场的价值将达到28亿美元)”可知，HAL可能会有巨大的潜在市场。故选B项。第二节七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。LearningIsaLearnedBehaviorManypeoplemistakenlybelievethatlearningisanunchangeabletraitlikeeyecolor,simplyluckofthegeneticdraw.''Peoplearebornlearners,orthey'renot."___16___Herearethreepracticalwaystobuildyourlearningskills,basedonresearch.OrganizeyourgoalsEffectivelearningoftenboilsdowntoatypeofprojectmanagement.Inordertodevelopanareaofexpertise,wefirsthavetosetachievablegoalsaboutwhatwewanttolearn.Thenwehavetodevelopstrategiestohelpusreachthosegoals.Atargetedapproachtolearninghelpsuscopewithalltheselfcarping（自我挑剔）feelingsassociatedwithgainingskills:AmIgoodenough?WillIfail?WhatifI'mwrong?___17___Whilesomeselfcarpingisnormal,thesesortsofnegativeemotionscanquicklyrobusofourabilitytolearnsomethingnew.ThinkaboutthinkingMetacognition（元认知）iscrucialtothetalentoflearning.Psychologistsdefinemetacognitionas"thinkingaboutthinking",andbroadlyspeaking,metacognitionisaboutbeingmoreinspectiveabouthowyouknowwhatyouknow.It'samatterofaskingourselvesquestionslike:DoIreallygetthisidea?CouldIexplainittoafriend?OrdoIneedmorepractice?Whenitestolearning,oneofthebiggestissuesisnotthatsomethinggoesinoneearandouttheother.___18___ReflectonyourlearningThereissomethingofacontradictioninlearning.Getintoadiscussionwithaclassmate,forinstance,andoftenyourbestargumentsarrivewhileyou'rewashingthedisheslater.Inshort,learningbenefitsfromreflection.___19___Sleepisafascinatingexampleofthisidea.It'spossiblethatwetidyupourknowledgewhilewe'renappingorsleepingdeeply.Onerecentstudyshowsagoodeveningofshuteyecanreducepracticetimeby50%.Beingaquickstudydoesn'tmeanyou'rethesmartestpersonintheroom.___20___,thinkingaboutyourthinking,andreflectingonyourlearningatpropertimes,youcanbeeabetterstudy,too.A.Isthereanytruthintheserumors?B.BybeingthefirsttosailroundtheworldC.BydeliberatelyorganizingyourlearninggoalsD.Isn'ttheresomethingelsethatI'dratherbedoing?E.Thistypeofreflectionrequiresamomentofcalm.F.Agrowingbodyofresearchismakingitclearthatlearnersaremade,notborn.G.Theissueisthatindividualsdon'tpushthemselvestoreallythinkabouttheirthinking.【答案】16.F17.D18.G19.E20.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了培养学习技能的三种实用的方法。【16题详解】根据前文“Peoplearebornlearners,orthey'renot.”人是天生的学习者，或者不是。根据后文“Herearethreepracticalwaystobuildyourlearningskills,basedonresearch.”根据研究，这里有三种培养你学习技能的实用方法。选项承上启下。故F选项“越来越多的研究表明，学习者不是天生的，而是后天培养的。”切题。故选F项。【17题详解】根据上文“AmIgoodenough?WillIfail?WhatifI'mwrong?”我足够好吗?我会失败吗?如果我错了呢?选项与上文为并列关系，都表示对自己的自责的疑问。故D选项“难道就没有其他我想做的事吗?”切题。故选D项。【18题详解】根据上文“Whenitestolearning,oneofthebiggestissuesisnotthatsomethinggoesinoneearandouttheother.”说到学习，最大的问题之一并不是一只耳朵进，一只耳朵出。选项承接上文。故G选项“问题是，每个人都不强迫自己去真正思考自己的想法。”切题。故选G项。【19题详解】根据上文“Inshort,learningbenefitsfromreflection.”简言之，学习得益于反思。选项承接上文。故E选项“这种思考需要片刻的冷静”切题。故选E项。【20题详解】根据下文“thinkingaboutyourthinking,andreflectingonyourlearningatpropertimes,youcanbeeabetterstudy,too.”思考你的想法，在适当的时候反思你的学习，你也可以成为一个更好的学习者。选项承接下文。故C选项“有意识地组织你的学习目标”切题。故选C项。第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Goodhealthisapreciousthing.Whenwearehealthy,wecanlearn,workand___21___ourselvesandourfamilies.___22___,whenwearesick,we___23___,andourfamiliesalsosufferalot.ThatiswhytheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）isbadly___24___.Workingwith194memberstates,acrosssixregions,andfrommorethan150offices,WHOstaffareunitedinashared___25___toachievebetterhealthforeveryone,___26___.Allpeopleshouldenjoythehigheststandardofhealth,___27___race,religion,political___28___economicorsocialcondition.Theprinciplehasalways___29___WHO'sworkforthepast70years,sinceitwasfirstsetupastheleadagencyforinternational____30____inthenewUnitedNationssystem.Inrecentdecades,theworldhasseenarisein____31____suchascanceranddiabetes（糖尿病）.____32____byforcessuchasrapidunplannedurbanization,globalizationofunhealthylifestylesandpopulationageing,thesediseasesnowaccountfor70%ofalldeaths.____33____,WHOhasshiftedfocus,alongwithhealthauthoritiesaroundtheworld,to____34____healthyeating,physicalexerciseandregularhealthchecks.Theorganizationhasrunglobalhealthcampaignsonthe____35____ofdiabetesandhighbloodpressure.ItnegotiatedtheWHOFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl,a（n）____36____tooltohelpreducediseasesanddeaths____37____bytobacco.____38____thesegoalswillrequireunfailingpoliticalandfinancialmitment,frommemberstatesanddonors,andcontinuedandexpanded____39____withcolleaguesfromacademia,partnersontheground,andother____40____oftheUNfamily.21.A.encourage B.support C.prepare D.raise22.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Otherwise D.However23.A.scold B.scream C.struggle D.suspect24.A.survived B.praised C.needed D.designed25.A.mitment B.affection C.custom D.suggestion26.A.everywhere B.everything C.somewhere D.something27.A.becauseof B.regardlessof C.incaseof D.inviewof28.A.ability B.rule C.ment D.belief29.A.changed B.stated C.guided D.showed30.A.fortune B.health C.justice D.exchange31.A.feelings B.reactions C.disabilities D.diseases32.A.Driven B.Convinced C.Encouraged D.Declared33.A.Surprisingly B.Consequently C.Unexpectedly D.Accidentally34.A.distinguish B.expect C.explain D.promote35.A.protection B.application C.prevention D.appreciation36.A.powerful B.inefficient C.confusing D.academic37.A.predicted B.replaced C.caused D.created38.A.Evaluating B.Achieving C.Possessing D.Analyzing39.A.cooperation B.attitude C.intention D.function40.A.workers B.friends C.assistants D.members【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.C25.A26.A27.B28.D29.C30.B31.D32.A33.B34.D35.C36.A37.C38.B39.A40.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述世界卫生组织的重要性及其为全世界健康做出的努力。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们健康时，我们可以学习，工作，养活自己和家人。A.encourage鼓励；B.support支持，扶持，赡养；C.prepare准备；D.raise提高。根据“wecanlearn,work”并结合下一句中“andourfamiliesalsosufferalot”可知，但我们健康时，我们学习、工作并“养活”自己和家人。故选B项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们生病时，我们过的十分艰难，我们的家人也遭受痛苦。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.Otherwise否则；D.However然而。上文提到“我们健康时”，根据空后“whenwearesick”可知，此处与上一句是转折关系，故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们生病时，我们过的十分艰难，我们的家人也遭受痛苦。A.scold责怪；B.scream尖叫；C.struggle挣扎，艰难地进行；D.suspect怀疑。根据“whenwearesick”并结合“ourfamiliesalsosufferalot”中的关键词“also”可知，生病时，我们过得“艰难”。故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是我们十分需要世界卫生组织的原因。A.survived生存；B.praised表扬；C.needed需要；D.designed设计。根据下文“WHOstaffareunitedinashared___5___toachievebetterhealthforeveryone”可知，世界卫生组织成员团结在一起为每个人达到更好的健康，所以我们“需要”世界卫生组织。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界卫生组织全体成员团结在一个共享的承诺中，让每个人，每个地方都达到更好的健康状态。A.mitment承诺，义务；B.affection影响，喜爱；C.custom风俗；D.suggestion建议。根据下文“___18___thesegoalswillrequireunfailingpoliticalandfinancialmitment”的提示可知，此处指世界卫生组织团结在一个共享的“承诺”中，故选A项。【26题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：世界卫生组织全体成员团结在一个共享的承诺中，让每个人，每个地方都达到更好的健康状态。A.everywhere每个地方；B.everything一切；C.somewhere某个地方；D.something某物。根据“everyone”可知，此处指，每个人、“每个地方”，故选A项。【27题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：所有人都应该享有最高标准的健康，不管种族、宗教、政治信仰、经济或社会状况。A.becauseof因为；B.regardlessof不管，不顾；C.incaseof万一，以防；D.inviewof鉴于，考虑到。根据空前的“Allpeople”可知，此处指“不管”种族、宗教等，所有人都应该享受最高标准的健康。故选B项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有人都应该享有最高标准的健康，不管种族、宗教、政治信仰、经济或社会状况。A.ability能力；B.rule规则；C.ment评论；D.belief信念、信仰。此处与“race,religion”和“economicorsocialcondition”并列，表示“政治信仰”，故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个原则在过去的70年一直指导着世界卫生组织的工作。A.changed改变；B.stated陈述；C.guided指导；D.showed展示。此处指上文提到的原则一直“指导”着世界卫生组织的工作，故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从它起初在联合国系统中被设定为国际健康的领导机构。A.fortune幸运，财富；B.health健康；C.justice正义；D.exchange交换。根据上文“WHOstaffareunitedinashared5toachievebetterhealthforeveryone,6.”可知，世界卫生组织是国际“健康”的领导机构，故选B项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最近几十年，世界目睹了如癌症和糖尿病等疾病的增长。A.feelings感觉；B.reactions反应；C.disabilities残疾；D.diseases疾病。根据空后“suchascanceranddiabetes”可知，此处指在“疾病”方面，下文“thesediseasesnowaccountfor70%ofalldeaths”也是提示。故选D项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：被诸如快速的无计划性城市化，不健康生活方式的全球化和老龄化加剧因素的推动，这些疾病现在是70%的死亡原因。A.Driven驱动，驱使；B.Convinced（使）信服；C.Encouraged鼓励；D.Declared宣布。根据“forcessuchasrapidunplannedurbanization,globalizationofunhealthylifestylesandpopulationageing”可知，这些是影响因素，所以此处指“受……驱使，推动”，故选A项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，跟随世界各地的健康机构一起，世界卫生组织已经转移了重点，来促进健康饮食，身体锻炼和定期的健康检查。A.Surprisingly惊讶地；B.Consequently因此；C.Unexpectedly出乎意料地；D.Accidentally偶然地。上文提到一些疾病是70%的死亡原因，结合空后“世界卫生组织已经转移了重点”可知，上下文之间是因果关系，所以此处表示“因此”，故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，跟随世界各地的健康机构一起，世界卫生组织已经转移了重点，来促进健康饮食，身体锻炼和定期的健康检查。A.distinguish辨认，区别；B.expect期望；C.explain解释；D.promote提升，促进。根据上文“thesediseasesnowaccountfor70%ofalldeaths”可知，疾病是70%的死亡原因，所以此处指“促进”健康饮食，身体锻炼和定期健康检查。故选D项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：世卫组织进行了一些全球的关于防止糖尿病和高血压的健康活动。A.protection保护；B.application运用；C.prevention防止；D.appreciation感激，欣赏。根据“ItnegotiatedtheWHOFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl,a(n)___16___tooltohelpreducediseasesanddeaths”可知，世卫组织举行的全球健康活动是为“防止”糖尿病和高血压。故选C项。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它谈判达成《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》，一个帮助减少烟草引起的疾病和死亡的权威方法。A.powerful强大的，有权威的；B.inefficient效率低的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.academic学术的。此处指《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》是减少疾病和死亡的“权威的”方法。故选A项。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它谈判达成《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》，一个帮助减少烟草引起的疾病和死亡的权威方法。A.predicted预测；B.replaced代替；C.caused引起，导致；D.created创造。根据“diseasesanddeaths以及bytobacco”可知，公约是减少由烟草“引起”的疾病和死亡，故选C项。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：达到这些目标将需要来自成员国与捐赠者不遗余力的政治和经济努力，以及和学术界同仁、当地的合作伙伴和联合国大家庭中其他成员的持续扩大的合作。A.Evaluating评估；B.Achieving达到，完成；C.Possessing加工，处理；D.Analyzing分析。根据“willrequireunfailingpoliticalandfinancialmitment”可知，此处指“达到”这些目标需要不遗余力的政治和经济努力。故选B项。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：达到这些目标将需要来自成员国与捐赠者不遗余力的政治和经济努力，以及和学术界同仁、当地的合作伙伴和联合国大家庭中其他成员的持续扩大的合作。A.cooperation合作；B.attitude态度；C.intention意图；D.function功能，作用。空前提到需要世卫组织成员国的努力，此处指还需要和学术界同仁、当地的合作伙伴等的“合作”，故选A项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：达到这些目标将需要来自成员国与捐赠者不遗余力的政治和经济努力，以及和学术界同仁、当地的合作伙伴和联合国大家庭中其他成员的持续扩大的合作。A.workers工人；B.friends朋友；C.assistants助手；D.members成员。根据“oftheUNfamily”可知，世卫组织是联合国的一个组织机构，此处指与联合国大家庭中其他“成员”合作。故选D项。第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节语篇填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Althoughheatrelateddeathsandillnessesarepreventable,around618peoplearekillednationwidebyextremeheateveryyear.Extremeheat___41___(describe)assummertimetemperaturesthataremuchhotterormorehumidthanaverage.Humidandstickyconditionscanmakeitseemhotterthanitreallyis.Heatrelatedillnesses,likeheatstroke,happenwhenthebodyisnotableto___42___(proper)coolitself.Whilethebodynormallycoolsitselfbysweating,duringextremeheat,thismightnotbeenough.Inthesecases,___43___person'sbodytemperaturerises___44___(fast)thanitcancoolitselfdown,___45___cancausedamagetothebrainandothervitalorgans.Olderadults,theveryyoung,andpeople___46___mentalillnessandchronicdiseasesareathighestrisk.However,even___47___(health)peoplecanbeaffectediftheyparticipateinintensephysical___48___(activity)duringhotweather.Summertimeactivity,whether___49___(play)indoorsoroutdoors,mustbebalancedwithactionsthathelpthebodycoolitselftopreventheatrelatedillnesses.Youcanvisitourwebsite____50____(learn)moreonhowtostaysafeintheheatthissummer,includinghowtoprevent,recognize,andcopewithheatrelatedillnesses.【答案】41.isdescribed42.properly43.a44.faster45.which46.with47.healthy48.activiti